东海陆架盆地南部生长断层活动特征
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摘要
生长断层是在伸展和走滑盆地中一种重要且广泛存在的构造样式。通过地震资料定性识别出东海陆架盆地南部地区18条生长断层;根据断裂对研究区各级构造单元控制作用和纵向切穿地层情况,将其划分为一级控盆断裂、二级控凹断裂、三级控带断裂和盖层断裂;通过断裂平面分布特征研究认为研究区的断裂以NE、NNE延伸为主,少数为NEE方向;利用地震剖面在研究区识别出阶梯状组合断层带、"Y"字型组合断层、多米诺式断层带、地堑、地垒等多种断裂组合样式;又结合生长指数和断层落差两种方法对研究区生长断层的运动学特征进行了定量统计分析,发现研究区生长断层在古近纪时期活动强度具有自西向东逐渐递减趋势,区内断层活动期次自西向东逐渐变新,整个研究区内生长断层在古近纪盆地裂陷—断陷期活动强度最大,中新世后断裂活动趋于稳定。认为晚中生代以来太平洋板块西缘俯冲后撤和印度板块向亚欧板块俯冲碰撞在东海陆架盆地形成的远程蠕散效应,使东海陆架盆地形成了拉张伸展应力场环境,是研究区发育大量生长断层的首要原因。同时,加强对研究区生长断层伴生构造如滚动背斜和缓坡带阶梯状断裂组合封堵形成的岩性圈闭研究,有利于推动东海陆架中新生代盆地资源勘探可持续发展。
The growth fault is an important and widely distributed structure in extensional and strike-slip basins.18 growth faults have been identified by the authors with seismic data in the south East China Sea Shelf Basin(ECSSB).According to their roles in controlling tectonic units development and the vertical sequence they cut through,the faults may be divided into several orders,i.e.the 1 st order basin-controlling faults,the 2 nd order concave controlling faults,the 3 rd order band controlling faults and cap faults.As to the distribution pattern,the majority of the growth faults of the study area are distributedin NE and NNE directions with a few in NEE direction.Various types of faults combinations are identified in seismic profiles,such as the steplike faults,the "Y"type faults,the domino-type faults,and the combination of graben and horst faults.According to the kinematics characteristics of faults such as growth index and fault throw,it is found that the growth faulting movement of Paleogene was in a decreasing trend from west to east,and thus the faults became younger to the east.The intensity of growth faulting in the whole study area reached a peak in Paleocene and became stable after Miocene,resulted from the joint effects of the extension dynamics background,that is the retrogradation of the subduction slab of the west Pacific margin and the eastern vermiculation of the ECSSB due to the subduction and collision between the India plate and Eurasian plate.Further study on growth fault and associated structures as well as the steplike fault zone in gentle slope belts is suggested to push forward the explorationin ECSSB basins.
The growth fault is an important and widely distributed structure in extensional and strike-slip basins.18 growth faults have been identified by the authors with seismic data in the south East China Sea Shelf Basin(ECSSB).According to their roles in controlling tectonic units development and the vertical sequence they cut through,the faults may be divided into several orders,i.e.the 1 st order basin-controlling faults,the 2 nd order concave controlling faults,the 3 rd order band controlling faults and cap faults.As to the distribution pattern,the majority of the growth faults of the study area are distributedin NE and NNE directions with a few in NEE direction.Various types of faults combinations are identified in seismic profiles,such as the steplike faults,the "Y"type faults,the domino-type faults,and the combination of graben and horst faults.According to the kinematics characteristics of faults such as growth index and fault throw,it is found that the growth faulting movement of Paleogene was in a decreasing trend from west to east,and thus the faults became younger to the east.The intensity of growth faulting in the whole study area reached a peak in Paleocene and became stable after Miocene,resulted from the joint effects of the extension dynamics background,that is the retrogradation of the subduction slab of the west Pacific margin and the eastern vermiculation of the ECSSB due to the subduction and collision between the India plate and Eurasian plate.Further study on growth fault and associated structures as well as the steplike fault zone in gentle slope belts is suggested to push forward the explorationin ECSSB basins.
引文
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[7]雷宝华.生长断层活动强度定量研究的主要方法评述[J].地球科学进展,2012,09:947-956.[LEI Baohua.Review of methods with quantitative studies of activity intensity of the growth fault[J].Advances in Earth Science,2012,27(9):947-956.]
[8]赵峰梅,李三忠,戴黎明,等.东海陆架盆地伸展率和压缩率及构造跃迁[J].地质科学,2010(4):1111-1124.[ZHAO Fengmei,LI Sanzhong,DAI Liming,et al.Extensional and compressive ratios from East China Sea shelf basin and their structural jumping[J].Journal of Geological Science,2010(4):1111-1124.]
[9]张绍亮,张建培,唐贤君,等.东海西湖凹陷断裂系统几何学特征及其成因机制[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2014,34(1):87-94.[ZHANG Shaoliang,ZHANG Jianpei,TANG Xianjun,et al.Geometry characteristic of the fault system in Xihu Sag in East China Sea and its formation mechanism[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2014,34(1):87-94.]
[10]秘丛永.西湖凹陷中央反转带和平湖斜坡带断裂特征及演化[D].中国海洋大学,2015.[BI Congyong.Fracture characteristics and evolution of the central inversion zone and the Pinghu slope zone in xihu depression zone[D].Ocean University of China,2015.]
[11]张国华,张建培.东海陆架盆地构造反转特征及成因机制探讨[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):260-270.[ZHANG Guohua,ZHANG Jianpei.A discussion on the tectonic inversion and its genetic mechanism in the East China Sea Shelf Basin[J].Geoscience Frontiers,2015,22(1):260-270.]
[12]高乐.东海陆架中生代残余盆地特征及勘探方向探讨[J].中国海上油气,2005,17(3):148-152.[GAO Le.Characteristics of Mesozoic remnant basin on East China Sea shelf,and the prospecting direction[J].China's Offshore Oil and Gas,2005,17(3):148-152.]
[13]栾锡武,高德章,喻普之,等.中国东海及邻近海域一条剖面的地壳速度结构研究[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(2):28-34.[LUAN Xiwu,GAO Dezhang,YU Puzhi,et al.A section of the East China Sea and adjacent waters of the earth's crust velocity structure research[J].Progress in Geophysics,2001,16(2):28-34.]
[14]王可德,王建平,徐国庆,等.东海陆架盆地西南部中生代地层的发现[J].地层学杂志,2000,24(2):129-131.[WANG Kede,WANG Jianping,XU Guoqing,et al.The Mesozoic strata found in southwest of the east China sea Shelf Basin[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2000,24(2):129-131.]
[15]许薇龄,乐俊英.东海的构造运动及演化[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1988,8(1):9-21.[XU Weiling,LE Junying,The tectonic movement and evolution of the East China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,1988,8(1):9-21.]
[16]周志武,殷培龄.东海地质调查的回顾与含油气远景展望[J].石油与天然气地质,1985,6(1):1-14.[ZHOU Zhiwu,YIN Peiling.Review and the geological survey of the East China Sea oil and gas prospects[J].Oil and Gas Geology,1985,6(1):1-14.]
[17]王国纯.东海盆地地质特征与油气富集有利地区探讨[J].石油实验地质,1987,9(1):42-48.[WANG Guochun.The geological characteristics and the favorable area for oil and gas enrichment study on the East China sea basin[J].Geological Oil Experiment,1987,9(1):42-48.]
[18]金翔龙.东海海洋地质[M].北京:海洋出版社,1992.[JIN Xianglong.The Marine Geology of East China Sea[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,1992.]
[19]李培廉,朱平.试论东海陆架盆地的基底构造演化和盆地形成机制[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1992,12(3):37-43.[LI Peilian ZHU Ping.Discuss about the basement of the East China Sea Shelf Basin tectonic evolution and formation mechanism of the basin[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,1992,12(1):37-43.]
[20]武法东,张燕梅,周平,等.东海陆架盆地第三系沉积构造动力背景分析[J].现代地质,1999,2:37-41.[WU Fadong,ZHANG Yanmei,ZHOU Ping,et al.Tertiary sedimentary structure in the East China Sea shelf basin dynamic background analysis[J].Modern Geology,1999,2:37-41.]
[21]冯晓杰,蔡东升,王春修,等.东海陆架盆地中新生代构造演化特征[J].中国海上油气,2003,17(1):33-37.[FENG Xiaojie,CAI Dongsheng,WANG Chunxiu,et al.The Cenozoic tectonic evolution characteristics of the East China Sea shelf basin[J].China's Offshore Oil and Gas,2003,17(1):33-37.]
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