低渗-特低渗油藏渗流特征及影响因素:以鄂尔多斯盆地安塞油田侯市-杏河地区长6油藏为例
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摘要
安塞油田侯氏-杏河地区长6油藏属于低渗-特低渗油藏,针对导致该油藏注水开发过程中一系列问题的复杂多变的渗流特征,利用油水相渗实验与核磁共振实验,通过分析曲线特征与重要渗流参数分布将研究区油藏储层分为3类,并结合物性测试、恒速压汞、X衍射等实验结果,分析物性、孔喉结构、黏土矿物以及注水方式对渗流特征的影响。结果表明:3类油藏的渗流参数依次变差,渗流能力减弱;束缚水饱和度受黏土矿物含量的影响程度较大;驱油效率与渗透率和喉道半径呈正相关,与孔喉半径比呈负相关,且受微观均质程度以及注入压力以及注入水体积影响;可动流体饱和度随渗透率的增大而增大,主要受控于孔隙与喉道分布及二者的空间配置关系。从好到差的3类油藏对应的初期产量、稳产周期依次降低。储层因素通过影响渗流特征,进而对开发特征产生影响。
The reservoir of Chang 6 in Houshi-Xinghe area of Ansai Oilfield belongs to low-permeability-ultra-low permeability reservoir. The characteristics of complex and variable seepage characteristics lead to a series of problems in the development of water injection. In this paper, oil and water phase seepage experiments and NMR experiments are used to analyze the characteristics of the curve and the distribution of important parameters to divide the reservoirs in the study area into three categories. Based on experiment results of physical property test, constant rate mercury injection, and X-ray diffraction, the effects of physical properties, pore-throat structure, and clay minerals on the seepage characteristics are analyzed. The results show that the seepage parameters of the three types of reservoirs deteriorate in turn and the seepage capacity decreases. The irreducible water saturation is affected more by the clay mineral content. Oil displacement efficiency is positively correlated with permeability and throat radius, and negative correlation with pore-throat ratio. Oil displacement efficiency is also affected by micro-homogeneity, injection pressure and volume of injected water. Movable fluid saturation increases with the increase of permeability. It is mainly controlled by the distribution of pores and throats and their spatial configuration. The initial production and stable production cycles of the three types of reservoirs from good to bad are successively reduced. Reservoir factors affect the development characteristics by affecting the seepage characteristics.
The reservoir of Chang 6 in Houshi-Xinghe area of Ansai Oilfield belongs to low-permeability-ultra-low permeability reservoir. The characteristics of complex and variable seepage characteristics lead to a series of problems in the development of water injection. In this paper, oil and water phase seepage experiments and NMR experiments are used to analyze the characteristics of the curve and the distribution of important parameters to divide the reservoirs in the study area into three categories. Based on experiment results of physical property test, constant rate mercury injection, and X-ray diffraction, the effects of physical properties, pore-throat structure, and clay minerals on the seepage characteristics are analyzed. The results show that the seepage parameters of the three types of reservoirs deteriorate in turn and the seepage capacity decreases. The irreducible water saturation is affected more by the clay mineral content. Oil displacement efficiency is positively correlated with permeability and throat radius, and negative correlation with pore-throat ratio. Oil displacement efficiency is also affected by micro-homogeneity, injection pressure and volume of injected water. Movable fluid saturation increases with the increase of permeability. It is mainly controlled by the distribution of pores and throats and their spatial configuration. The initial production and stable production cycles of the three types of reservoirs from good to bad are successively reduced. Reservoir factors affect the development characteristics by affecting the seepage characteristics.
引文
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[16] 黎盼,孙卫,闫健,等.鄂尔多斯盆地马岭油田长81储层不同流动单元可动流体赋存特征及其影响因素[J].石油实验地质,2018,40(3):362-371.
[17] 任淑悦,孙卫,刘登科,等.苏里格西区苏48区块盒8段储层微观孔隙结构及对渗流能力的影响[J].地质科技情报,2018,37(2):123-128.
[18] 白金莉,李文厚,姜瑀东,等.鄂尔多斯盆地旬邑地区长61储层物性影响因素[J].地质科技情报,2017,37(2):198-205.
[19] 王霞,付国民,李永军,等.鄂尔多斯盆地吴起曾岔地区长6油层组储层特征及控制因素分析[J].新疆地质,2018,36(1):115-119.
[20] 李易隆,贾爱林,何东博.致密砂岩有效储层形成的控制因素[J].石油学报,2013,34(1): 71-82.
[21] 高辉,敬晓锋,张兰.不同孔喉匹配关系下的特低渗透砂岩微观孔喉特征差异[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(4):401-413.
[22] 任颖,孙卫,张茜,等.低渗透储层不同流动单元可动流体赋存特征及生产动态分析:以鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长6段储层为例[J].地质与勘探,2016,52(5):974-984.
[2] 尤源,牛小兵,辛红刚,等.国外致密油储层微观孔隙结构研究及其对鄂尔多斯盆地的启示[J].石油科技论坛,2013(1):12-18.
[3] 赵靖舟.非常规油气有关概念、分类及资源潜力[J].天气地球科学,2012,23(3):393-406.
[4] Sun W,Tang G Q.Visual study of water injection in low permeable sandstone[J].Journal of Canadaian Petroleum Technoloy,2006,45(11):21-26.
[5] 张创,孙卫,杨建鹏,等.低渗砂岩储层孔喉的分布特征及其差异性成因[J].地质学报,2012,86(2):335-348.
[6] 刘登科,孙卫,任大忠,等.致密砂岩气藏孔喉结构与可动流体赋存规律:以鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田西区盒8段、山1段储层为例[J].天气地球科学,2016,27(12):2136-2146.
[7] 任大忠,孙卫,赵继勇,等.鄂尔多斯盆地岩性油藏微观水驱油特征及影响因素:以华庆油田长81油藏为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(6):1043-1052.
[8] 全洪慧,朱玉双,张洪军,等.储层孔隙结构与水驱油微观渗流特征:以安塞油田王窑区长6油层组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(6):952-960.
[9] 石亮亮,王磊,陈世栋,等.超低渗透储层孔隙结构对渗流特征的影响[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(3):189-196.
[10] 张顺康,徐建军.基于油水相渗数据的驱油效率计算方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(3):70-72.
[11] 王为民,郭和坤,叶朝辉.利用核磁共振可动流体评价低渗透油田开发潜力[J].石油学报,2001,22(6): 40-44.
[12] 明红霞,孙卫,张龙龙,等.致密砂岩气藏孔隙结构对物性及可动流体赋存特征的影响:以苏里格气田东部和东南部盒8段储层为例[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2015,46(12):4556-4567.
[13] 张金亮,司学强,秦敬.安塞油田王窑地区长6油层沉积微相研究[J].西北地质,2003,36(3):62-71.
[14] 高辉.特低渗透砂岩储层微观孔隙结构与渗流机理研究[D].西安:西北大学,2009.
[15] 任大忠.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密砂岩储层微观特征[D].西安:西北大学,2015.
[16] 黎盼,孙卫,闫健,等.鄂尔多斯盆地马岭油田长81储层不同流动单元可动流体赋存特征及其影响因素[J].石油实验地质,2018,40(3):362-371.
[17] 任淑悦,孙卫,刘登科,等.苏里格西区苏48区块盒8段储层微观孔隙结构及对渗流能力的影响[J].地质科技情报,2018,37(2):123-128.
[18] 白金莉,李文厚,姜瑀东,等.鄂尔多斯盆地旬邑地区长61储层物性影响因素[J].地质科技情报,2017,37(2):198-205.
[19] 王霞,付国民,李永军,等.鄂尔多斯盆地吴起曾岔地区长6油层组储层特征及控制因素分析[J].新疆地质,2018,36(1):115-119.
[20] 李易隆,贾爱林,何东博.致密砂岩有效储层形成的控制因素[J].石油学报,2013,34(1): 71-82.
[21] 高辉,敬晓锋,张兰.不同孔喉匹配关系下的特低渗透砂岩微观孔喉特征差异[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(4):401-413.
[22] 任颖,孙卫,张茜,等.低渗透储层不同流动单元可动流体赋存特征及生产动态分析:以鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长6段储层为例[J].地质与勘探,2016,52(5):974-984.
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