超声悬浮及转子振动抑制理论与实验研究
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摘要
超声悬浮技术可以实现悬浮和减摩功能,减少转子与静子之间的摩擦,而且由超声波产生的悬浮力可以不受悬浮物材料的影响.首先,根据流体动力学推导出超声波挤压膜的基本方程,对其进行理论推导并利用高阶差分方法进行仿真求解;针对气膜力与悬浮间隙、超声波振幅、气压、超声波频率因素的关系进行了分析,讨论了不同参数对超声悬浮性能的影响规律.然后,通过平面气膜力分解与合成推导出凹面气膜力,并研究了转速对其悬浮力的影响.将其施加在不平衡转子系统中,对转子系统的振动响应进行数值仿真,并对各个情况下的结果进行对比,探讨出不同参数下的振动抑制效果.最后,设计了超声悬浮-转子系统的实验台,通过实验测试不同参数下转子系统的振动响应,验证超声悬浮技术对于转子系统的振动抑制作用.
Ultrasonic suspension technology has the function of suspension and friction reduction, which can reduce the friction between the rotor and the stator, and the suspension force generated by the ultrasonic wave can be free from the suspension material. Firstly, according to the fluid dynamics, the basic equations of the ultrasonic extrusion film were deduced. The force of the ultrasonic extrusion film was deduced theoretically and numerically solved by the high-order difference method. The relationship between film force and suspension gap, ultrasonic amplitude, air pressure and ultrasonic frequency was analyzed. Effects of these parameters on the ultrasonic suspension performance were discussed. Then, the suspension force of the concave ultrasonic gas extrusion film was obtained by plane extrusion film force decomposition and synthesis. The effect of rotating speed on the suspension force of concave extrusion film was studied. The suspension force of the ultrasonic squeeze film was applied to the unbalanced rotor system, and the vibration response of the rotor system was numerically simulated. The results of each case were compared to explore the vibration suppression effect under different parameters. Finally, an experimental platform for the ultrasonic suspension-rotor system was designed and built. The vibration responses of the rotor system with different parameters were tested to verify the vibration suppression performance by using the ultrasonic suspension technology.
Ultrasonic suspension technology has the function of suspension and friction reduction, which can reduce the friction between the rotor and the stator, and the suspension force generated by the ultrasonic wave can be free from the suspension material. Firstly, according to the fluid dynamics, the basic equations of the ultrasonic extrusion film were deduced. The force of the ultrasonic extrusion film was deduced theoretically and numerically solved by the high-order difference method. The relationship between film force and suspension gap, ultrasonic amplitude, air pressure and ultrasonic frequency was analyzed. Effects of these parameters on the ultrasonic suspension performance were discussed. Then, the suspension force of the concave ultrasonic gas extrusion film was obtained by plane extrusion film force decomposition and synthesis. The effect of rotating speed on the suspension force of concave extrusion film was studied. The suspension force of the ultrasonic squeeze film was applied to the unbalanced rotor system, and the vibration response of the rotor system was numerically simulated. The results of each case were compared to explore the vibration suppression effect under different parameters. Finally, an experimental platform for the ultrasonic suspension-rotor system was designed and built. The vibration responses of the rotor system with different parameters were tested to verify the vibration suppression performance by using the ultrasonic suspension technology.
引文
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2 王洪臣,杨利,杨志刚等.超声振动承载气膜对电机转子悬浮支承与减摩的研究.润滑与密封,2015(12):66～70 (Wang H C,Yang L,Yang Z G,et al.Study on Suspension Support and Friction Reduction of Motor Rotor by Ultrasonic Vibration Bearing Gas Film.Lubrication and Sealing,2015(12):66～70 (in Chinese))
3 赵增辉,王育平,袁义坤等.基于能量法的超声电机压电振子的耦合动力学模型分析.动力学与控制学报,2006,4(2):145～150 (Zhao Z H,Wang Y P,Yuan Y K,et al.Analysis on the coupling dynamic model of piezoelectric resonator of ultrasonic motor based on energy method.Journal of Dynamics and Control,2006,4(2):145～150 (in Chinese))
4 丘华川,姜立标.超声行波驱动的玻璃表面液滴运动数值模拟.北京航空航天大学学报,2017(5):908～917 (Qiu H C,Jiang L B.Numerical simulation of droplet motion on glass surface driven by ultrasonic traveling wave.Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2017(5):908～917 (in Chinese))
5 Cynthia G,Swarnavalli J,Kannappan V,et al.Synthesis,characterization and ultrasonic study of aqueous suspensions containing polymeric nano particles of poly(L-lactide).Journal of Molecular Liquids,2015,211(8):885～891
6 Shi S,Xiong H,Liu Y,et al.A ring-type multi-DOF ultrasonic motor with four feet driving consistently.Ultrasonics,2017,76:234～244
7 Sednaoui T,Vezzoli E,Dzidek B,et al.Experimental evaluation of friction reduction in ultrasonic devices.New York:IEEE World Haptics Conference,2015,37～42
8 Friesen R F,Wiertlewski M,Colgate J E.The role of damping in ultrasonic friction reduction.IEEE Haptics Symposium,S M Choi,K J Kuchenbecker and G.Gerling,Editors.IEEE:NEW YORK,2016:167～172
9 Friesen R F,Wiertlewski M,Peshkin M A,et al.Bioinspired artificial fingertips that exhibit friction reduction when subjected to transverse ultrasonic vibrations.New York:IEEE World Haptics Conference,2015:208～213
10 Han B,Zheng S.Design,modeling,fabrication,back-to-back test of a magnetic bearing system for high-speed BLDCM application.Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power-Transactions of the ASME,2015,137(11):11250411
11 杨浩杰.超声波悬浮机理及其在转子系统振动抑制中的研究[硕士学位论文].沈阳:东北大学,2014:80(Yang H J.Study on Ultrasonic suspension mechanism in vibration suppression of rotor system[Master Thesis].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2014:80(in Chinese))
12 刘献栋,李其汉,王德友.具有转静件碰摩故障双转子系统的动力学模型及其小波变换特征.航空动力学报,2000,15(2):187～190 (Liu X D,Li Q H,Wang D Y.Dynamic model of dual-rotor system with rub-impact fault between rotor and stator and its feature of wavelet transform.Journal of Aerospace Power,2000,15(2):187～190 (in Chinese))
2 王洪臣,杨利,杨志刚等.超声振动承载气膜对电机转子悬浮支承与减摩的研究.润滑与密封,2015(12):66～70 (Wang H C,Yang L,Yang Z G,et al.Study on Suspension Support and Friction Reduction of Motor Rotor by Ultrasonic Vibration Bearing Gas Film.Lubrication and Sealing,2015(12):66～70 (in Chinese))
3 赵增辉,王育平,袁义坤等.基于能量法的超声电机压电振子的耦合动力学模型分析.动力学与控制学报,2006,4(2):145～150 (Zhao Z H,Wang Y P,Yuan Y K,et al.Analysis on the coupling dynamic model of piezoelectric resonator of ultrasonic motor based on energy method.Journal of Dynamics and Control,2006,4(2):145～150 (in Chinese))
4 丘华川,姜立标.超声行波驱动的玻璃表面液滴运动数值模拟.北京航空航天大学学报,2017(5):908～917 (Qiu H C,Jiang L B.Numerical simulation of droplet motion on glass surface driven by ultrasonic traveling wave.Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2017(5):908～917 (in Chinese))
5 Cynthia G,Swarnavalli J,Kannappan V,et al.Synthesis,characterization and ultrasonic study of aqueous suspensions containing polymeric nano particles of poly(L-lactide).Journal of Molecular Liquids,2015,211(8):885～891
6 Shi S,Xiong H,Liu Y,et al.A ring-type multi-DOF ultrasonic motor with four feet driving consistently.Ultrasonics,2017,76:234～244
7 Sednaoui T,Vezzoli E,Dzidek B,et al.Experimental evaluation of friction reduction in ultrasonic devices.New York:IEEE World Haptics Conference,2015,37～42
8 Friesen R F,Wiertlewski M,Colgate J E.The role of damping in ultrasonic friction reduction.IEEE Haptics Symposium,S M Choi,K J Kuchenbecker and G.Gerling,Editors.IEEE:NEW YORK,2016:167～172
9 Friesen R F,Wiertlewski M,Peshkin M A,et al.Bioinspired artificial fingertips that exhibit friction reduction when subjected to transverse ultrasonic vibrations.New York:IEEE World Haptics Conference,2015:208～213
10 Han B,Zheng S.Design,modeling,fabrication,back-to-back test of a magnetic bearing system for high-speed BLDCM application.Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power-Transactions of the ASME,2015,137(11):11250411
11 杨浩杰.超声波悬浮机理及其在转子系统振动抑制中的研究[硕士学位论文].沈阳:东北大学,2014:80(Yang H J.Study on Ultrasonic suspension mechanism in vibration suppression of rotor system[Master Thesis].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2014:80(in Chinese))
12 刘献栋,李其汉,王德友.具有转静件碰摩故障双转子系统的动力学模型及其小波变换特征.航空动力学报,2000,15(2):187～190 (Liu X D,Li Q H,Wang D Y.Dynamic model of dual-rotor system with rub-impact fault between rotor and stator and its feature of wavelet transform.Journal of Aerospace Power,2000,15(2):187～190 (in Chinese))
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