对内蒙古贺根山蛇绿岩的新认识
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摘要
本文将华北板块和中亚-蒙古陆块缝合带中前人划分的"贺根山蛇绿岩套"划分为三个不同组分、不同成因的岩系:以含金刚石和其它幔源矿物的变质橄榄岩系为主,包括堆晶杂岩在内的镁铁-超镁铁岩系;含放射虫硅质岩夹层的玄武岩系;上覆的火山-沉积岩系。根据地质学与年代学证据,可以认为蛇绿岩形成于晚泥盆-早石炭世。在此基础上,本文重点讨论了三个问题:(1)结合不同尺度的构造研究,将含金刚石等幔源矿物的超镁铁岩看作源自地幔转换带的幔源熔-流体,在软流圈底辟体上涌的背景下持续上升,在板块对接的过程中构造侵位的岩石。据此,对现有的蛇绿岩概念提出了补充;同时提出贺根山在板块汇聚过程未发生明显的俯冲和碰撞,而是通过拼贴的方式连为一体的;(2)贺根山具有OIB特征的玄武岩与朝克山MORB的对比,表明不同来源的多地块的存在及板块闭合时间的差异均反映了陆间小洋盆的特征;(3)将上覆在玄武岩系之上的火山沉积岩系看作洋盆最后充填的产物,反映了古亚洲洋闭合过程中小洋盆直接从洋壳转化为陆壳的过程,最后从时空角度进一步讨论了小洋盆闭合的特征。
The previously termed as"Hegenshan ophiolite suite",a composite rock suite,in the suture zone between North China block( plate) and Central Asian-Mongolia continental block has been divided into three rock series with different constituents and different genesis by this study:( 1) mafic-ultramafic rocks,mainly composed of meta-peridotite series with diamonds and other mantlederived minerals,also including cumulate complex;( 2) a basalt series intercalated with radiolarian siliceous rocks; and( 3) an overlying volcanic-sedimentary rock series. Based on the evidences from geology and geochronology,the Hegenshan ophiolite can be considered as formed in Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous. On this basis,three issues have been focused by this article:( 1)combined with structural geology studies in different scales,the mafic-ultramafic rocks containing diamonds and other mantle-derived minerals can be regarded as tectonic emplacement rocks,derived from deep melt-fluids,which continuously rising up from mantle transitional zone as the asthenosphere upwelling diapirs during the plate converge process. Hereby,the traditional concept of ophiolite has been extended,and it is postulated that two plates converged by amalgamate process to unify,instead of obvious subduction or collision in Hegenshan region;( 2) comparison of the Hegenshan OIB-type basalts with the Chaogenshan MORB-type basalts indicates that the existence of multiple massifs derived from different sources and the time difference between plates closure is one of the characteristics of the small intercontinental ocean basins;( 3) the volcanic-sedimentary rocks overlying on basalt series has been regarded as the final stage products of filling-in the ocean basin,which demonstrates the direct transform process from oceanic crust to continental crust in small-medium intercontinental ocean basins during closure of the paleo-Asian ocean. Finally,the temporal and spatial characteristics of closure of small oceanic basin are discussed.
The previously termed as"Hegenshan ophiolite suite",a composite rock suite,in the suture zone between North China block( plate) and Central Asian-Mongolia continental block has been divided into three rock series with different constituents and different genesis by this study:( 1) mafic-ultramafic rocks,mainly composed of meta-peridotite series with diamonds and other mantlederived minerals,also including cumulate complex;( 2) a basalt series intercalated with radiolarian siliceous rocks; and( 3) an overlying volcanic-sedimentary rock series. Based on the evidences from geology and geochronology,the Hegenshan ophiolite can be considered as formed in Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous. On this basis,three issues have been focused by this article:( 1)combined with structural geology studies in different scales,the mafic-ultramafic rocks containing diamonds and other mantle-derived minerals can be regarded as tectonic emplacement rocks,derived from deep melt-fluids,which continuously rising up from mantle transitional zone as the asthenosphere upwelling diapirs during the plate converge process. Hereby,the traditional concept of ophiolite has been extended,and it is postulated that two plates converged by amalgamate process to unify,instead of obvious subduction or collision in Hegenshan region;( 2) comparison of the Hegenshan OIB-type basalts with the Chaogenshan MORB-type basalts indicates that the existence of multiple massifs derived from different sources and the time difference between plates closure is one of the characteristics of the small intercontinental ocean basins;( 3) the volcanic-sedimentary rocks overlying on basalt series has been regarded as the final stage products of filling-in the ocean basin,which demonstrates the direct transform process from oceanic crust to continental crust in small-medium intercontinental ocean basins during closure of the paleo-Asian ocean. Finally,the temporal and spatial characteristics of closure of small oceanic basin are discussed.
引文
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Bao PS.2009.Further discussion on the genesis of the podiform chromite deposits in the ophiolites-questioning about the rock/melt interaction metallogeny.Geological Bulletin of China,28(12):1741-1761(in Chinese with English abstract)
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Coleman RG and Maruyama S.1988.Characteristics of Late Paleozoic foldbelt of Asia.DEPL Tokuo Interational Symposium,45
Coleman RG.1989.Continental growth of Northwest China.Tectonics,8(3):621-635
Huang B,Fu D,Li SC,Ge MC and Zhou WX.2016.The age and tectonic implications of the Hegenshan ophiolite in Inner Mongolia.Acta Petrologica Sinica,32(1):158-176(in Chinese with English abstract)
Huang Z,Yang JS,Zhu YW,Xong FH,Liu Z and Zhang ZM.2015.The discovery of diamonds and deep mantle minerals in chromitites of Hegenshan ophiolite,Inner Mongolia.Geology in China,42(5):1493-1514(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li YW,Deng JF,Luo ZH,Cao ZP,Cao YQ and Luo F.1995.Discovery of cumulus crystal bojite and its significance in Sonid Zuoqi area,Inner Mongolia.Geoscience,9(2):212-219(in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu JY.1983.The study and tectonic significance of ophiolites in Hengenshan region,Nei Mongol.In:Contributions for the Project of Plate Tectonics in Northern China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,117-137(in Chinese)
Luo ZH,Deng JF,Luo F,Li YW and Cao YQ.1995.On divisions of plutonic masses in the central Inner Mongolia and its tectonomagmatic activity-an example from regional geological surveying in Sonid Zuoqi area.Geoscience,9(2):189-202(in Chinese with English abstract)
Luo ZH,Jiang XM,Liu X,Li Z,Wu ZC and Jing WC.2019.Imprints of fluid process of shell dunite in ophiolitic chromite deposits:Evidences from geology,petrology and crystal chemistry of olivine found in Luobusa and Zedang ophiolites in the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone,Tibet.Earth Science Frontiers,26(1):272-285(in Chinese with English abstract)
Miao LC,Fan WM,Liu DY,Zhang FQ,Shi YR and Guo F.2008.Geochronology and geochemistry of the Hegenshan ophiolitic complex:Implications for late-stage tectonic evolution of the Inner Mongolia-Daxinganling Orogenic Belt,China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,32(5-6):348-370
Ren JS,Zhao L,Xu QQ and Zhu JB.2016.Global tectonic position and geodynamic system of China.Acta Geologica Sinica,90(9):2100-2108(in Chinese with English abstract)
Robinson PT,Bai WJ,Yang JS,Hu XF and Zhou MF.1995.Geochemical constraints on petrogenesis and crustal accretion of the Hegenshan ophiolite,northern China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,11(Suppl.):112-124(in Chinese with English abstract)
Robinson PT,Zhou MF,Hu XF,Reynolds P,Bai WJ and Yang JS.1999.Geochemical constraints on the origin of the Hegenshan ophiolite,Inner Mongolia,China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,17(4):423-442
Shao JA.1991.Crust Evolution in the Middle Part of the Northern Margin of Sino-Korean Plate.Beijing:Peking University Press,76-91(in Chinese with English abstract)
Shao JA and Li XB.1993.Extension in orogenic belts.In:Xiao QH(ed.).Frontiers of Geological Sciences in 1990’s:Research Priorities for China.Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,154-160(in Chinese)
Shao JA,Tang KD and He GQ.2014.Early Permian tectonopalaeogeographic reconstruction of Inner Mongolia,China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,30(7):1858-1866(in Chinese with English abstract)
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