隐伏地裂缝扩展的大型原位浸水试验研究
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摘要
隐伏构造地裂缝具有潜在的灾害效应和扩展的随机性,地表水是诱发隐伏地裂缝扩展的因素之一。文章基于野外调查资料,定性分析了地表水对隐伏地裂缝扩展效应的水压作用及黄土湿陷作用机理,在此基础上选取西安曲江新区隐伏地裂缝黄土场地开展了大型原位现场浸水模拟试验。通过沉降观测、数据分析和数值模拟,得出水压作用是诱发隐伏裂缝扩展的辅助因素,因黄土湿陷作用在裂缝两侧形成的差异沉降是主要诱因,靠近隐伏地裂缝的区域沉降量最大,距离裂缝越远沉降量越小,整体呈现抛物线形的沉降模式,验证了地表水诱发浅表层黄土隐伏裂缝扩展的作用机理。相关认识对于研究隐伏构造地裂缝的扩展机理以及防治工作具有重要的指导意义。
Buried ground-fissrues have the potential disaster effects and the randomness of expansion, and surface water is one of the factors that induce the expansion of buried ground-fissrues. Based on field investigation data, two main expansion mechanisms, hydraulic pressure and the loess collapsibility, were qualitatively analyzed. On the basis of this theory, a buried ground-fissures site in Xi'an loess area of Qujiang New District was selected to simulate surface water submerging the ground-fissures. Through the settlement observation, data analysis and numerical simulation, it is concluded that hydraulic pressure is the auxiliary factor that induce the expansion of the buried ground-fissrues, while the differential settlement caused by loess collapsibility on both sides of the ground-fissrues is the main cause. The regional settlement near the buried ground-fissrues is the largest, and the further away from the fissure, the smaller the settlement is. The settlement curve takes on a parabolic pattern, which affirms the ground-fissuers expansion mechanism induced by surface water in shallow loess area. Relevant studies have important significance that will guide us to reveal the expansion mechanism of buried ground-fissures and to control the expansion.
Buried ground-fissrues have the potential disaster effects and the randomness of expansion, and surface water is one of the factors that induce the expansion of buried ground-fissrues. Based on field investigation data, two main expansion mechanisms, hydraulic pressure and the loess collapsibility, were qualitatively analyzed. On the basis of this theory, a buried ground-fissures site in Xi'an loess area of Qujiang New District was selected to simulate surface water submerging the ground-fissures. Through the settlement observation, data analysis and numerical simulation, it is concluded that hydraulic pressure is the auxiliary factor that induce the expansion of the buried ground-fissrues, while the differential settlement caused by loess collapsibility on both sides of the ground-fissrues is the main cause. The regional settlement near the buried ground-fissrues is the largest, and the further away from the fissure, the smaller the settlement is. The settlement curve takes on a parabolic pattern, which affirms the ground-fissuers expansion mechanism induced by surface water in shallow loess area. Relevant studies have important significance that will guide us to reveal the expansion mechanism of buried ground-fissures and to control the expansion.
引文
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[12] 黄传艳,李秀云,王乐,等.深层岩石二次人工致裂缝效果影响因素分析[J].水利水电技术,2018,49(8):186-192.HUANG Chuanyan,LI Xiuyun,WANG Le,et al.Analysis on factors of influences on secondary artificial fracturing effect on deep rock[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2018,49(8):186-192.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[18] 陈星,黄强兵,刘妮娜,等.地震作用下邻近地裂缝带地铁隧道工程场地地表沉降研究[J].地质力学学报,2018,24(5):714-722.CHEN Xing,HUANG Qiangbing,LIU Nina,et al.Study on ground settlement of engineering site of metro tunnel adjacent to ground fissure zone under the action of earthquake[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2018,24(5):714-722.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19] 高孝巧,张达.逆断层控制构造裂缝发育的力学机制模拟[J].地质力学学报,2015,21(1):47-55.GAO Xiaoqiao,ZHANG Da.Numerical simulation of structural fractures controlled by reverse fault[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2015,21(1):47-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20] 石玉玲,门玉明,彭建兵,等.西安城区地裂缝破裂扩展的数值模拟[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(6):56-60.SHI Yuling,MEN Yuming,PENG Jianbing,et al.Numerical simulation of ground-fissure cracking and extending in Xi’an[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2008,35(6):56-60.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] 彭建兵.西安地裂缝灾害[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.PENG Jianbing.Xi’an ground fissures hazards[M].Beijing:Science Press,2012.(in Chinese)
[3] 王景明,王春梅,刘科.地裂缝及其灾害研究的新进展[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(3):303-313.WANG Jingming,WANG Chunmei,LIU Ke.Progress in ground fissures and its hazard research[J].Advance in Earth Science,2001,16(3):303-313.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4] 齐信,陈州丰,邵民生,等.九江地区第四系中典型地裂缝特征及构造意义[J].地质学报,2015,89(12):2266-2276.QI Xin,CHEN Zhoufeng,SHAO Minsheng,et al.Typical fissure characteristics of the quaternary in the Jiujiang area and their tectonic significance[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2015,89(12):2266-2276.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5] 卢全中,赵富坤,彭建兵,等.隐伏地裂缝破裂扩展研究综述[J].工程地质学报,2013,21(6):888-907.LU Quanzhong,ZHAO Fukun,PENG Jianbing,et al.Overview on rupture propagation studies of buried ground-fissures[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2013,21(6):888-907.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] 吴林强,刘成林,张涛,等.“二元法”在构造裂缝定量预测中的应用—以松辽盆地青一段泥页岩为例[J].地质力学学报,2018,24(5):598-606.WU Linqiang,LIU Chenglin,ZHANG Tao,et al.The application of two factor method in quantitative prediction of tectonic fractures:a case study of shale in Qing-1 member,songliao basin[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2018,24(5):598-606.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7] 蒋臻蔚,彭建兵,王启耀.抽水作用下先期断裂对地裂缝的影响研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):651-656.JIANG Zhenwei,PENG Jianbing,WANG Qiyao.Influence of pre-existing fault on ground fissures during pumping action[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(5):651-656.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8] 蒋臻蔚.水作用下地裂缝成因机制及数值模拟[D].西安:长安大学,2011.JIANG Zhenwei.Earth fissure formation mechanism under the role of water and its numerical simulation[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2011.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9] 汪丽.地表水与地裂缝活动关系的现场试验研究[D].西安:长安大学,2006.WANG Li.Field testing study on relationship between surface water and ground fissures[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2005.(in Chinese)
[10] 卢全中,彭建兵,范文等.陕西三原双槐树地裂缝的发育特征[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(4):458-462.LU Quanzhong,PENG Jianbing,FAN Wen,et al.Development features of ground fissure in Shuanghuaishu village,Sanyuan county,Shaanxi province[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(4):458-462.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 万晓龙,高春宁,王永康,等.人工裂缝与天然裂缝耦合关系及其开发意义[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(3):245-252.WAN Xiaolong,GAO Chunning,WANG Yongkang,et al.Coupled relationship between created and natural fractures and its implication to development[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(3):245-252.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] 黄传艳,李秀云,王乐,等.深层岩石二次人工致裂缝效果影响因素分析[J].水利水电技术,2018,49(8):186-192.HUANG Chuanyan,LI Xiuyun,WANG Le,et al.Analysis on factors of influences on secondary artificial fracturing effect on deep rock[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2018,49(8):186-192.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] HOLZER T L.Ground failure in areas of subsidence due to ground-water decline in the United States[C]//Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Land Subsidence.Anaheim,California:IAHS Publisher,1976,121:423-433.
[14] HOLZER T L.Ground failure induced by groundwater Withdrawal from unconsolidated sediment[C]//HOLZER T H.Man-Induced Land Subsidence,Geological Society of America.Colorado:Reviews in Engineering Geology,1984,6:67-105.
[15] 陕西省地质矿产厅.西安地区环境地质图集[M].西安:西安地图出版社,1999.Deparment of Geology and Resources of Shaanxi Province.The atlas of environmental geology of Xi’an area[M].Xi’an:Map Press of Xi’an,1999.(in Chinese)
[16] 山西省地质环境监测中心.山西省地面沉降与地裂缝调查报告[R].太原:山西省地质环境监测中心,2009.Geo-Environmental Monitoring Center.Investigation of land subsidence and ground fissures in Shaanxi province[R].Taiyuan:Geo-environment Monitoring Center,2009.(in Chinese)
[17] 武强,姜振泉,李云龙.山西断陷盆地地裂缝灾害研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2003.WU Qiang,JIANG Zhenquan,LI Yunlong.Ground fissures hazards research of Shaanxi fault basin[M].Beijing:Geolgical Publishing House,2003.(in Chinese)
[18] 陈星,黄强兵,刘妮娜,等.地震作用下邻近地裂缝带地铁隧道工程场地地表沉降研究[J].地质力学学报,2018,24(5):714-722.CHEN Xing,HUANG Qiangbing,LIU Nina,et al.Study on ground settlement of engineering site of metro tunnel adjacent to ground fissure zone under the action of earthquake[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2018,24(5):714-722.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19] 高孝巧,张达.逆断层控制构造裂缝发育的力学机制模拟[J].地质力学学报,2015,21(1):47-55.GAO Xiaoqiao,ZHANG Da.Numerical simulation of structural fractures controlled by reverse fault[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2015,21(1):47-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20] 石玉玲,门玉明,彭建兵,等.西安城区地裂缝破裂扩展的数值模拟[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(6):56-60.SHI Yuling,MEN Yuming,PENG Jianbing,et al.Numerical simulation of ground-fissure cracking and extending in Xi’an[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2008,35(6):56-60.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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