中国奥陶纪综合地层和时间框架
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摘要
简要回顾中国奥陶纪年代地层研究的历史和现状,从岩石地层、生物地层、地质年龄、化学地层和磁性地层等学科的角度,详细阐述和讨论了国际和中国奥陶系划分方案、各条界线的定义标准、识别特征和存在问题,初步建立了多学科的地层对比关系.目前,国际奥陶系采用"三统七阶"的标准划分方案,即自下而上:下奥陶统(特马豆克阶、弗洛阶)、中奥陶统(大坪阶、达瑞威尔阶)和上奥陶统(桑比阶、凯迪阶、赫南特阶).这7个阶的底界金钉子已于1997～2007年全部确立,其中有三个阶的"金钉子"确立在中国.中国的年代地层方案与国际标准方案基本一致(惟部分阶名有别),包括下奥陶统(新厂阶、益阳阶)、中奥陶统(大坪阶、达瑞威尔阶)、上奥陶统(艾家山阶、钱塘江阶、赫南特阶).在多数情况下中国可以直接采用国际标准划分,在特殊情况下,也可以结合使用中国地区性的上奥陶统艾家山阶和钱塘江阶.在详细总结中国各个块体奥陶系发育特征及其差异的基础上,根据近年来的最新研究成果,建立华南、华北(含塔里木、柴达木)和西藏-滇西等主要块体之间的最新奥陶系对比格架,提出特马豆克阶、大坪阶和凯迪阶底界存在的定义、识别和跨相区对比问题,认为特马豆克阶底界主要是牙形刺的分类学问题,而大坪阶和凯迪阶的底界则主要是跨相区对比问题.中国奥陶纪化学地层学研究显示,中奥陶统达瑞威尔阶和上奥陶统凯迪阶的无机碳同位素曲线与国际综合曲线存在较明显的不一致现象,值得高度重视.中国奥陶系的同位素年龄值匮乏,且仅有的3个可靠锆石年龄均集中在晚奥陶世凯迪晚期-赫南特期,华南上奥陶统含有丰富斑脱岩层,亟待开展同位素测年进一步研究.中国奥陶纪磁性地层研究非常薄弱,迄今为止的研究主要局限于华北下奥陶统,结果可与国外其他地区进行对比.对奥陶系内"阶"的悬殊的时限差异进行了分析,建议对长时限的特马豆克阶、达瑞威尔阶和凯迪阶分别进一步细分为二个亚阶.
引文
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