中国三叠纪综合地层和时间框架
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摘要
中国三叠系分布广泛,海、陆相地层同时发育,既有典型的南海北陆空间分异,也有下海上陆的时间转变,地层结构十分复杂.中国南方拥有三叠系底界的全球年代地层界线层型(GSSP),而中国大部分地区的三叠系(尤其中三叠统之上及陆相地层)具有显著的地方性,难以进行全球对比.因此,中国的三叠系既有国际研究的热点,也有地层学研究的科学难题.文章通过系统总结和分析中国三叠纪地层学相关资料,从年代地层、生物地层、磁性地层和化学地层等方面,初步建立中国的三叠纪综合地层框架,并以此为基础,对中国三大构造古地理区的岩石地层序列提出一个框架性的地层对比关系.综合分析表明,虽然经典的三叠纪生物和年代地层学研究是以菊石作为基础的,但牙形石在年代地层界线研究中更具有优势.中国仍具有竞争奥伦尼克阶底界和安尼阶底界GSSP的潜力.借助于二叠纪-三叠纪"过渡层"及相关生物-环境事件标志,结合叶肢介、脊椎动物、古植物等生物地层学研究,能够建立海、陆相二叠系-三叠系界线地层对比关系.碳同位素已成为三叠纪海相地层的有效对比手段,而氧同位素(其所反映的温度变化)和锶同位素则可能是建立海、陆相地层联系的重要桥梁,但目前尚无陆相地层对照研究.鉴于中国三叠系大部分层段以及陆相地层尚难进行国际对比,当前提出的中国三叠纪海、陆相地层建阶方案,对中国三叠纪地层学及相关研究工作还是必要的,但需要在概念上尽量与国际接轨,并尽快加强研究,完善其定义.
引文
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1)该文中作者估算的界线年龄247.05Ma不是根据该牙形石的FAD层位,而是对照北美菊石定义的下-中三叠统界线
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