挑檐式结构无底柱阶段崩落采矿法试验研究
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摘要
崩落采矿法在实际生产过程中矿石损失贫化较难控制,放矿过程中废石漏斗的形成与破裂是造成矿石损失贫化的主要原因。为延缓放矿过程中废石漏斗的形成和到达放矿口的时间,提出了一种挑檐式结构的无底柱阶段崩落采矿法。该方法以阶段为单位,使得每个下分段都超前其上分段一个挑檐距离,在回采巷道工作面形成挑檐结构,回采工作都在其正上方挑檐结构的遮掩下进行。为验证挑檐结构方案的放矿效果,利用多分段放矿模型进行了挑檐结构下放矿和传统结构下放矿2组物理模拟试验,认为在保持矿石回采率80%的情况下,挑檐结构的矿石贫化率可降低5.3个百分点。在弓长岭井下矿-280～+48 m段4-5号穿脉进行了挑檐结构工业性试验,分别对挑檐结构和原结构进行了9个崩矿步距回采的放矿跟班测定。结果表明:挑檐结构与原结构相比,贫化率可降低3.8个百分点,主要原因是挑檐结构可阻挡顶部覆盖岩石,使其向本分段崩落矿石后方移动,而不出现侧漏现象,提高了纯矿石放出量,矿石贫化减小。上述分析进一步表明:挑檐结构方案施工简单,适用于中等稳定以上矿体地下开采。
It is difficult to control the ore loss and dilution by caving mining methods in the actual operation,and the formation and rupture of mullock funnel is the main cause of ore loss and dilution in the process of ore drawing.In order to delay the formation of mullock funnel and the time of overlying rock arriving at the ore drawing point in the process of ore drawing,a non-pillar stage caving mining method with overhangs structure is carried out.Using this method,each lower sublevel is pulled ahead of its upper sublevel by an overhangs distance,and an overhangs structure is formed on the working face of mining roadway.The mining work is conducted under the cover of the overhang structure that is right above it.In order to verify the ore drawing effects of overhangs structure,the multi-sublevel ore-drawing model is used to carry out two groups of similarity simulation experiments regarding the overhang structure and traditional ore-drawing. The experimental results show that the ore dilution rate of the overhangs structure can be reduced by 5.3 % when the ore recovery rate is maintained at 80%. In Gongchangling underground mine,the overhangs structure of 4-5 perforating veins in-280～+48 m section is tested.The overhangs structure and the original structure are measured by drawing shift with nine caving steps.The study results show that compared with the original structure,ore dilution rate of the overhangs structure can be reduced by 3.8%,the main reason can be described as that the overhangs structure can break the overburden rock falling down directly,and oblige them moving to the behind of the caved orebody in this sublevel,thus,the amount of pure ore drawing out is increased,and the dilution is reduced.The above study results further indicated that the overhangs structure scheme is simple to construct,and it is suitable for underground mining of orebodies above medium-stable level.
It is difficult to control the ore loss and dilution by caving mining methods in the actual operation,and the formation and rupture of mullock funnel is the main cause of ore loss and dilution in the process of ore drawing.In order to delay the formation of mullock funnel and the time of overlying rock arriving at the ore drawing point in the process of ore drawing,a non-pillar stage caving mining method with overhangs structure is carried out.Using this method,each lower sublevel is pulled ahead of its upper sublevel by an overhangs distance,and an overhangs structure is formed on the working face of mining roadway.The mining work is conducted under the cover of the overhang structure that is right above it.In order to verify the ore drawing effects of overhangs structure,the multi-sublevel ore-drawing model is used to carry out two groups of similarity simulation experiments regarding the overhang structure and traditional ore-drawing. The experimental results show that the ore dilution rate of the overhangs structure can be reduced by 5.3 % when the ore recovery rate is maintained at 80%. In Gongchangling underground mine,the overhangs structure of 4-5 perforating veins in-280～+48 m section is tested.The overhangs structure and the original structure are measured by drawing shift with nine caving steps.The study results show that compared with the original structure,ore dilution rate of the overhangs structure can be reduced by 3.8%,the main reason can be described as that the overhangs structure can break the overburden rock falling down directly,and oblige them moving to the behind of the caved orebody in this sublevel,thus,the amount of pure ore drawing out is increased,and the dilution is reduced.The above study results further indicated that the overhangs structure scheme is simple to construct,and it is suitable for underground mining of orebodies above medium-stable level.
引文
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[9]何荣兴,任凤玉,宋德林,等.大结构参数无底柱分段崩落法的发展及技术问题探讨[J].金属矿山,2015(6):1-5.He Rongxing,Ren Fengyu,Song Delin,et al.Discussion on development and technical problems of sublevel caving with large structural parameters[J].Metal Mine,2015(6):1-5.
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[11]张永达,梁新民,明建,等.基于多方法联合的无底柱采场端壁倾角优选[J].有色金属:矿山部分,2015,67(4):4-8.Zhang Yongda,Liang Xinmin,Ming Jian,et al.Optimization of endwall angle in non-pillar sublevel caving method based on multimethod joint appliaction[J].Nonferrous Metals:Mine Section,2015,67(4):4-8.
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[13]董鑫,柳小波.基于SLS系统的崩落法矿石隔离层下放矿研究[J].金属矿山,2009(6):27-28.Dong Xin,Liu Xiaobo.Study of the ore-drawing under ore isolating layer in caving based on SLS system[J].Metal Mine,2009(6):27-28.
[14]陈庆发,陈青林,仲建宇,等.柔性隔离层下单漏斗散体矿岩流动规律[J].工程科学学报,2016,38(7):893-898.Chen Qingfa,Chen Qinglin,Zhong Jiayu et al.Flow pattern of granular ore rock in a single funnel under a flexible isolation layer[J]Chinese Journal of Engineering,2016,38(7):893-898.
[15]程爱平,许梦国,刘艳章,等.金山店铁矿低贫化放矿试验研究[J].金属矿山,2010(7):23-25.Cheng Aiping,Xu Mengguo,Liu Yanzhang,et al.Experimental study on low dilution ore drawing in Jinshadian Iron Mine[J].Metal Mine,2010(7):23-25.
[16]李本录,张志贵,刘兴国.镜铁山铁矿无贫化放矿的试验研究[J].中国矿业,1998,7(4):19-23.Li Benlu,Zhang Zhigui,Liu Xingguo.Researches on the ore recovery law in un-dilution drawing test at Jingtieshan Iron Mine[J].China Mining Magazine,1998,7(4):19-23.
[17]陈晓青.一种挑檐式结构的无底柱阶段崩落采矿法:CN201110232064.0[P].2011-11-30.Chen Xiaoqing.A non-pillar stage caving mining method with overhangs structure:CN201110232064.0[P].2011-11-30.
[18]贾永.端部放矿废石漏斗形成规律的实验研究[D].鞍山:辽宁科技大学,2015.Jia Yong.Experimental Study on Forming Regularity of Wasting Rock Funnel in Side Ore Drawing[D].Anshan:University of Science and Technology Liaoning,2015.
[19]邵安林.端部放矿废石移动规律试验研究[J].矿冶工程,2012,32(3):1-3.Shao Anlin.Experimental research on mullock movement in the side drawing[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2012,32(3):1-3.
[20]温彦良,张国建,张治强.无底柱分段崩落法放矿规律的数值试验研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2014,34(5):3-6.Wen Yanliang,Zhang Guojian,Zhang Zhiqiang.Research on numerical simulation of ore drawing rules in pillarless sublevel caving[J].Mining Research and Development,2014,34(5):3-6.
[21]马东,赵广东,宫国慧,等.钢混人工假顶无底柱分段崩落法的试验研究[J].辽宁科技大学学报,2015,38(3):221-223.Ma Dong,Zhao Guangdong,Gong Guohui,et al.Experimental study on a sublevel caving method withartificial reinforced concrete roof[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Liaoning,2015,38(3):221-223.
[2]金爱兵,孙浩,孟新秋,等.无底柱分段崩落法不同放矿方式下崩矿步距研究[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2017,48(11):3037-3043.Jin Aibing,Sun Hao,Meng Xinqiu,et al.Study of best caving steps under different ore methods of sublevel caving[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2017,48(11):3037-3043.
[3]Brunton I D,Fraser S J,Hodgkinson J H,et al.Parameters influencing full scale sublevel caving material recovery at the Ridgeway Gold Mine[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Science,2010,47(4):647-656.
[4]Zou C B,Yao Y K,Guo L W,et al.Numerical simulation of independent advance of ore breaking in the non-pillar sublevel caving method[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2007,17(2):295-310.
[5]吴爱祥,武力聪,刘晓辉,等.无底柱分段崩落法结构参数研究[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,43(5):1845-1850.Wu Aixiang,Wu Licong,Liu Xiaohui,et al.Study on structural parameters of sublevel caving[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2012,43(5):1845-1850.
[6]陶干强,刘振东,任凤玉,等.无底柱分段崩落法采场结构参数优化研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(8):1269-1272.Tao Ganqiang,Liu Zhendong,Ren Fengyu,et al.Optimization research of stope structural parameters in sublevel caving with nonpilla[rJ].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(8):1269-1272.
[7]胡杏保,潘健,麻雪严,等.无底柱分段崩落法不同回采顺序的损失贫化研究[J].金属矿山,2016(2):26-29.Hu Xingbao,Pan Jian,Ma Xueyan,et al.Research on loss and dilution by different mining sequence in pillarless sublevel caving[J].Metal Mine,2016(2):26-29.
[8]刘兴国,张国联,柳小波.无底柱分段崩落法矿石损失贫化分析[J].金属矿山,2006(1):53-60.Liu Xingguo,Zhang Guolian,Liu Xiaobo.Analysis of ore loss and dilution in pillarless sublevel caving[J].Metal Mine,2006(1):53-60.
[9]何荣兴,任凤玉,宋德林,等.大结构参数无底柱分段崩落法的发展及技术问题探讨[J].金属矿山,2015(6):1-5.He Rongxing,Ren Fengyu,Song Delin,et al.Discussion on development and technical problems of sublevel caving with large structural parameters[J].Metal Mine,2015(6):1-5.
[10]张国建,徐国权.崩落法松散覆盖岩层自然分级对矿石损失贫化的影响[J].金属矿山,2010(5):21-24.Zhang Guojian,Xu Guoquan.Effect of the natural grade classification of loose-covered rock with caving on ore loss and dilution[J].Metal Mine,2010(5):21-24.
[11]张永达,梁新民,明建,等.基于多方法联合的无底柱采场端壁倾角优选[J].有色金属:矿山部分,2015,67(4):4-8.Zhang Yongda,Liang Xinmin,Ming Jian,et al.Optimization of endwall angle in non-pillar sublevel caving method based on multimethod joint appliaction[J].Nonferrous Metals:Mine Section,2015,67(4):4-8.
[12]余一松,陈小伟,明世祥.无底柱采场端壁倾角变化对矿石损失和贫化的影响[J].金属矿山,2009(S1):241-245.Yu Yisong,Chen Xiaowei,Ming Shixiang.The influence on the dilution and loss under different inclination of front in sublevel caving method[J].Metal Mine,2009(S1):241-245.
[13]董鑫,柳小波.基于SLS系统的崩落法矿石隔离层下放矿研究[J].金属矿山,2009(6):27-28.Dong Xin,Liu Xiaobo.Study of the ore-drawing under ore isolating layer in caving based on SLS system[J].Metal Mine,2009(6):27-28.
[14]陈庆发,陈青林,仲建宇,等.柔性隔离层下单漏斗散体矿岩流动规律[J].工程科学学报,2016,38(7):893-898.Chen Qingfa,Chen Qinglin,Zhong Jiayu et al.Flow pattern of granular ore rock in a single funnel under a flexible isolation layer[J]Chinese Journal of Engineering,2016,38(7):893-898.
[15]程爱平,许梦国,刘艳章,等.金山店铁矿低贫化放矿试验研究[J].金属矿山,2010(7):23-25.Cheng Aiping,Xu Mengguo,Liu Yanzhang,et al.Experimental study on low dilution ore drawing in Jinshadian Iron Mine[J].Metal Mine,2010(7):23-25.
[16]李本录,张志贵,刘兴国.镜铁山铁矿无贫化放矿的试验研究[J].中国矿业,1998,7(4):19-23.Li Benlu,Zhang Zhigui,Liu Xingguo.Researches on the ore recovery law in un-dilution drawing test at Jingtieshan Iron Mine[J].China Mining Magazine,1998,7(4):19-23.
[17]陈晓青.一种挑檐式结构的无底柱阶段崩落采矿法:CN201110232064.0[P].2011-11-30.Chen Xiaoqing.A non-pillar stage caving mining method with overhangs structure:CN201110232064.0[P].2011-11-30.
[18]贾永.端部放矿废石漏斗形成规律的实验研究[D].鞍山:辽宁科技大学,2015.Jia Yong.Experimental Study on Forming Regularity of Wasting Rock Funnel in Side Ore Drawing[D].Anshan:University of Science and Technology Liaoning,2015.
[19]邵安林.端部放矿废石移动规律试验研究[J].矿冶工程,2012,32(3):1-3.Shao Anlin.Experimental research on mullock movement in the side drawing[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2012,32(3):1-3.
[20]温彦良,张国建,张治强.无底柱分段崩落法放矿规律的数值试验研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2014,34(5):3-6.Wen Yanliang,Zhang Guojian,Zhang Zhiqiang.Research on numerical simulation of ore drawing rules in pillarless sublevel caving[J].Mining Research and Development,2014,34(5):3-6.
[21]马东,赵广东,宫国慧,等.钢混人工假顶无底柱分段崩落法的试验研究[J].辽宁科技大学学报,2015,38(3):221-223.Ma Dong,Zhao Guangdong,Gong Guohui,et al.Experimental study on a sublevel caving method withartificial reinforced concrete roof[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Liaoning,2015,38(3):221-223.
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