致密油藏润湿返转提高采收率技术
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摘要
针对致密油藏目前开采方式存在产量递减快、可采储量低的问题,通过构建基于离散裂缝网络的致密油藏润湿返转提高采收率数学模型,并编制相应全隐式数值求解算法,进一步研究了亲油储层周期注入表面活性剂方式的驱油效果及影响因素。结果表明:周期注入表面活性剂能够使储层产生润湿性返转,诱导自发渗吸,进而有效动用基质内剩余油,较目前开采方式可进一步提高采收率幅度10%;周期注表活剂的驱油效果随着原油黏度的降低、基质渗透率的增大或者压裂密度的提高而变好,当地层原油黏度低于7 m Pa·s、基质渗透率不低于0. 01 mD、裂缝间距不高于150 m时,周期注表活剂可取得明显的增油效果。
Low primary recovery factors and rapid production decline in tight oil reservoirs,imply a promising opportunity for developing effective enhanced oil recovery( EOR) methods to mobilize the residual oil resource,especially for oil-wet reservoirs. A discrete-fracture-network-based mathematical model for EOR with wettability alteration in tight oil reservoirs is proposed and numerically solved by the fully implicit method. Simulation cases are conducted to investigate the production performance and key impact factors of cyclic surfactant injection. Cyclic surfactant injection can significantly improve production performance of oil-wet tight reservoirs,the reason is that surfactant can alter reservoir wettability from oil wet to medium or even water wet,which trigger spontaneous imbibition and favor oil movement from matrix into fracture. Its EOR results get better with oil viscosity decreasing,matrix permeability increasing or fracture spacing decreasing. Cyclic surfactant injection is good when the oil viscosity is less than 7 m Pa·s,matrix permeability is bigger than 0. 01 m D and fracture spacing is less than 150 m.
Low primary recovery factors and rapid production decline in tight oil reservoirs,imply a promising opportunity for developing effective enhanced oil recovery( EOR) methods to mobilize the residual oil resource,especially for oil-wet reservoirs. A discrete-fracture-network-based mathematical model for EOR with wettability alteration in tight oil reservoirs is proposed and numerically solved by the fully implicit method. Simulation cases are conducted to investigate the production performance and key impact factors of cyclic surfactant injection. Cyclic surfactant injection can significantly improve production performance of oil-wet tight reservoirs,the reason is that surfactant can alter reservoir wettability from oil wet to medium or even water wet,which trigger spontaneous imbibition and favor oil movement from matrix into fracture. Its EOR results get better with oil viscosity decreasing,matrix permeability increasing or fracture spacing decreasing. Cyclic surfactant injection is good when the oil viscosity is less than 7 m Pa·s,matrix permeability is bigger than 0. 01 m D and fracture spacing is less than 150 m.
引文
1 Dawson M,Nguyen D,Champion N,et al.Designing an optimized surfactant flood in the Bakken[C].The SPE/CSUR Unconventional Resources Conference.Calgary:SPE/CSUR,2015:SPE 175937
2 Li H,Dawson M,Standnes D.Multi-scale rock characterization and modeling for surfactant EOR in the Bakken[C].The SPE/CSUR Unconventional Resources Conference.Calgary:SPE/CSUR,2015:SPE175960
3张启贤,王红亮.鄂尔多斯东南部延长组致密油储层微观特征及主控因素[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(34):52-63Zhang Qixian,Wang Hongliang.Microscopic characteristics and main controlling factors of tight oil reservoir of Yanchang formation in southeastern Ordos Basin,China[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(34):52-63
4 Brownscombe E,Dyes A.Water-imbibition displacement,a possibility for the Spraberry[J].Drill and Prod.Prac.API.1952,7(5):383-390
5 Mattax C,Kyte J.Imbibition oil recovery from fractured water-drive reservoir[J].SPE Journal,1992,6(1):177-184
6许建红,马丽丽.低渗透裂缝性油藏自发渗吸渗流作用[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(3):111-114Xu Jianhong,Ma Lili.Spontaneous imbibition in fractured low permeability reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2015,22(3):111-114
7朱维耀,鞠岩,赵明,等.低渗透裂缝性砂岩油藏多孔介质渗吸机理研究[J].石油学报,2002,23(6):56-59Zhu Weiyao,Ju Yan,Zhao Ming,et al.Spontaneous imbibition mechanism of flow through porous media and waterflooding in low permeability fractured sandstone reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(6):56-59
8 Alvarez J,Neog A,Jais A,et al.Impact of surfactants for wettability alteration in stimulation fluids and the potential for surfactant EOR in unconventional liquid reservoirs[C].The SPE Unconventional Resources Conference.Woodlands:SPE,2014:SPE169001
9 Penny G,Zelenev A,Long W,et al.Laboratory and field evaluation of proppants and surfactants used in fracturing of hydrocarbon rich gas reservoirs[C].The SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.San Antonio:SPE,2012:SPE159692
10苏皓,雷征东,张荻萩,等.致密油藏体积压裂水平井参数优化研究[J].岩性油气藏,2018,30(4):140-148Su Hao,Lei Zhengdong,Zhang Diqiu,et al.Volume fracturing parameters optimization of horizontal well in tight reservoir[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(4):140-148
11蒙冕模,葛洪魁,纪文明,等.基于核磁共振技术研究页岩自发渗吸过程[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(5):137-140Meng Mianmo,Ge Hongkui,Ji Wenming,et al.NMR study on shale spontaneous imbibition[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoir,2015,22(5):137-140
12杨发荣,左罗,胡志明,等.页岩储层渗吸特性的实验研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(25):63-66Yang Farong,Zuo Luo,Hu Zhiming,et al.Researching the water imbibition characteristic of shale by experiment[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(25):63-66
13王向阳,杨正明,刘学伟,等.致密油藏大模型逆向渗吸的物理模拟实验研究[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(8):43-48Wang Xiangyang,Yang Zhengming,Liu Xuewei,et al.Physical simulation experiment investigation on large scale model using countercurrent imbibition in tight oil reservoirs[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(8):43-48
14 Basabdatta R,Tsotsis T,Jessen K.An experimental and numerical investigation of spontaneous imbibition in gas shales[C]//The SPEAnnual Technical Conference and Exhibition.Denver:SPE,2011:SPE159692
15 Zhou Z,Hoffman T,Bearinger D,et al.Experimental and numerical study on spontaneous imbibition of fracturing fluids in the Horn river shale gas formation[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,2016,31(3):33-42
16付应坤,李治平,赖枫鹏,等.基于数值模拟的致密油油藏注气开发技术研究[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(4):37-42Fu Yingkun,Li Zhiping,Lai Fengpeng,et al.A simulation research on evaluation of development in tight oil reservoirs by nearmiscible gas injection[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(4):37-42
17宋海敬,王云刚,邓勇,等.异常高压致密气藏两相渗流数值模拟技术[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(24):204-208Song Haijing,Wang Yungang,Deng Yong,et al.A flow numerical simulation technology on gas-water two phase in tight gas reservoirs with abnormally high pressure[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(24):204-208
18 Warren J,Root P.The behavior of naturally fractured reservoirs[J].SPE Journal,1963,3(3):245-255
19 Sonier F,Souilard P,Elaskovich F.Numerical simulation of naturally fractured reservoirs[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,1988,3(4):1114-1122
20未志杰,康晓东,刘玉洋,等.致密油藏自渗吸提高采收率影响因素研究[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2018,20(2):39-43Wei Zhijie,Kang Xiaodong,Liu Yuyang,et al.Key impact factors of spontaneous imbibition eor in tight oil reservoirs[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(Natural Sciences Edition),2018,20(2):39-43
21 Bagherinezhad A,Pishvaie M R.A new approach to countercurrent spontaneous imbibition simulation using Green element method[J].Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2014,119(5):163-168
2 Li H,Dawson M,Standnes D.Multi-scale rock characterization and modeling for surfactant EOR in the Bakken[C].The SPE/CSUR Unconventional Resources Conference.Calgary:SPE/CSUR,2015:SPE175960
3张启贤,王红亮.鄂尔多斯东南部延长组致密油储层微观特征及主控因素[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(34):52-63Zhang Qixian,Wang Hongliang.Microscopic characteristics and main controlling factors of tight oil reservoir of Yanchang formation in southeastern Ordos Basin,China[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(34):52-63
4 Brownscombe E,Dyes A.Water-imbibition displacement,a possibility for the Spraberry[J].Drill and Prod.Prac.API.1952,7(5):383-390
5 Mattax C,Kyte J.Imbibition oil recovery from fractured water-drive reservoir[J].SPE Journal,1992,6(1):177-184
6许建红,马丽丽.低渗透裂缝性油藏自发渗吸渗流作用[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(3):111-114Xu Jianhong,Ma Lili.Spontaneous imbibition in fractured low permeability reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2015,22(3):111-114
7朱维耀,鞠岩,赵明,等.低渗透裂缝性砂岩油藏多孔介质渗吸机理研究[J].石油学报,2002,23(6):56-59Zhu Weiyao,Ju Yan,Zhao Ming,et al.Spontaneous imbibition mechanism of flow through porous media and waterflooding in low permeability fractured sandstone reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(6):56-59
8 Alvarez J,Neog A,Jais A,et al.Impact of surfactants for wettability alteration in stimulation fluids and the potential for surfactant EOR in unconventional liquid reservoirs[C].The SPE Unconventional Resources Conference.Woodlands:SPE,2014:SPE169001
9 Penny G,Zelenev A,Long W,et al.Laboratory and field evaluation of proppants and surfactants used in fracturing of hydrocarbon rich gas reservoirs[C].The SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.San Antonio:SPE,2012:SPE159692
10苏皓,雷征东,张荻萩,等.致密油藏体积压裂水平井参数优化研究[J].岩性油气藏,2018,30(4):140-148Su Hao,Lei Zhengdong,Zhang Diqiu,et al.Volume fracturing parameters optimization of horizontal well in tight reservoir[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(4):140-148
11蒙冕模,葛洪魁,纪文明,等.基于核磁共振技术研究页岩自发渗吸过程[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(5):137-140Meng Mianmo,Ge Hongkui,Ji Wenming,et al.NMR study on shale spontaneous imbibition[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoir,2015,22(5):137-140
12杨发荣,左罗,胡志明,等.页岩储层渗吸特性的实验研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(25):63-66Yang Farong,Zuo Luo,Hu Zhiming,et al.Researching the water imbibition characteristic of shale by experiment[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(25):63-66
13王向阳,杨正明,刘学伟,等.致密油藏大模型逆向渗吸的物理模拟实验研究[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(8):43-48Wang Xiangyang,Yang Zhengming,Liu Xuewei,et al.Physical simulation experiment investigation on large scale model using countercurrent imbibition in tight oil reservoirs[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(8):43-48
14 Basabdatta R,Tsotsis T,Jessen K.An experimental and numerical investigation of spontaneous imbibition in gas shales[C]//The SPEAnnual Technical Conference and Exhibition.Denver:SPE,2011:SPE159692
15 Zhou Z,Hoffman T,Bearinger D,et al.Experimental and numerical study on spontaneous imbibition of fracturing fluids in the Horn river shale gas formation[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,2016,31(3):33-42
16付应坤,李治平,赖枫鹏,等.基于数值模拟的致密油油藏注气开发技术研究[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(4):37-42Fu Yingkun,Li Zhiping,Lai Fengpeng,et al.A simulation research on evaluation of development in tight oil reservoirs by nearmiscible gas injection[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(4):37-42
17宋海敬,王云刚,邓勇,等.异常高压致密气藏两相渗流数值模拟技术[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(24):204-208Song Haijing,Wang Yungang,Deng Yong,et al.A flow numerical simulation technology on gas-water two phase in tight gas reservoirs with abnormally high pressure[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(24):204-208
18 Warren J,Root P.The behavior of naturally fractured reservoirs[J].SPE Journal,1963,3(3):245-255
19 Sonier F,Souilard P,Elaskovich F.Numerical simulation of naturally fractured reservoirs[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,1988,3(4):1114-1122
20未志杰,康晓东,刘玉洋,等.致密油藏自渗吸提高采收率影响因素研究[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2018,20(2):39-43Wei Zhijie,Kang Xiaodong,Liu Yuyang,et al.Key impact factors of spontaneous imbibition eor in tight oil reservoirs[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(Natural Sciences Edition),2018,20(2):39-43
21 Bagherinezhad A,Pishvaie M R.A new approach to countercurrent spontaneous imbibition simulation using Green element method[J].Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2014,119(5):163-168
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