考虑结构构成的冰水堆积体变形破坏分析
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摘要
冰水堆积体为一种受结构构成影响显著的典型土石混合介质,其在荷载作用下的承载力丧失是一个渐进破坏过程。采用随机块体生成技术重构冰水堆积体细观结构特征,并以单向受力下的极限剪应变作为参量,进行不同结构构成下的冰水堆积体单轴压缩数值模拟,研究冰水堆积体结构构成对其变形破坏以及破坏规律的影响。结果表明:冰水堆积体剪切变形破坏具有明显的绕石现象;随着内部岩块含量增加,冰水堆积体剪切应变区、极限剪应变均随之增大,且极限剪应变与岩块含量近似成指数增长关系;不同岩块倾角下的变形破坏数值模拟结果则表明,冰水堆积体极限剪应变区分布与岩块倾角具有一致性,极限剪应变与岩块倾角近似成Λ关系。冰水堆积体随机结构重构方法及破坏规律可为工程安全评价及综合治理提供理论与技术参考。
The glacial deposit is a typical soil–rock mixture. Its mechanical property is strongly affected by its structural composition. The bearing capacity of glacial deposit losses gradually when it suffers from gravity or other kinds of loadings. In this study,the algorithm of random rock block generation was used to reconstruct the meso structure of the glacial deposit. The ultimate shear strain under uniaxial pressure was used as a parameter for failure analysis. The deformation and failure of the glacial deposit with different structures and composition under uniaxial pressure was then simulated to understand the deformation process and failure law. Numerical simulations indicate that:(1) The glacial deposit under uniaxial pressure exhibits a significant phenomenon of getting round stone blocks during the shear deformation and failure process;(2) Both the shear strain zone and the ultimate shear strain increase with the increase of the content of rock block, besides the relationship between the ultimate shear strain and the content of rock block experiences an exponential growth. Results from the shear deformation and failure analysis of the glacial deposit with different inclinations of rock blocks show that:(1) The distribution of the shear strain zone under axial pressure always has good uniformity with the inclination of stone blocks;(2) The relationship between the ultimate shear strain and the inclinations of rock blocks takes on a shape of Λ. The random structure reconstruction method and the failure law of the glacial deposit can provide theoretical and technical reference for engineering safety and comprehensive reinforcement.
The glacial deposit is a typical soil–rock mixture. Its mechanical property is strongly affected by its structural composition. The bearing capacity of glacial deposit losses gradually when it suffers from gravity or other kinds of loadings. In this study,the algorithm of random rock block generation was used to reconstruct the meso structure of the glacial deposit. The ultimate shear strain under uniaxial pressure was used as a parameter for failure analysis. The deformation and failure of the glacial deposit with different structures and composition under uniaxial pressure was then simulated to understand the deformation process and failure law. Numerical simulations indicate that:(1) The glacial deposit under uniaxial pressure exhibits a significant phenomenon of getting round stone blocks during the shear deformation and failure process;(2) Both the shear strain zone and the ultimate shear strain increase with the increase of the content of rock block, besides the relationship between the ultimate shear strain and the content of rock block experiences an exponential growth. Results from the shear deformation and failure analysis of the glacial deposit with different inclinations of rock blocks show that:(1) The distribution of the shear strain zone under axial pressure always has good uniformity with the inclination of stone blocks;(2) The relationship between the ultimate shear strain and the inclinations of rock blocks takes on a shape of Λ. The random structure reconstruction method and the failure law of the glacial deposit can provide theoretical and technical reference for engineering safety and comprehensive reinforcement.
引文
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[17]王新,丁秀丽.含石量对土石混合体力学特性影响的数值试验[J].水运工程,2010,446(10):93-99.(WANG Xin,DING Xiuli.Numerical tests on impact of stone content to mechanical parameters of soil-rock mixture[J].Port and Waterway Engineering,2010,446(10):93-99.(in Chinese))
[18]ZHANG Y,XU W Y,SHAO J,et al.Comprehensive assessment and global stabilization measures of a large landslide in hydropower engineering[J].European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering,2013,17(3):154-175.
[19]XU W Y,ZHANG Q,ZHANG J C,et al.Deformation and control engineering related to huge landslide on left bank of Xiluodu reservoir,south-west China[J].European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering,2013,17(Supp.1):249-268.
[20]阿比尔的,冯夏庭,郑颖人,等.岩土类材料应变分析与基于极限应变判据的极限分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(8):1 552-1 560.(ABI Erdi,FENG Xiating,ZHENG Yingren,et al.Strain analysis and numerical analysis based on limit strain for geo-materials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(8):1 552-1 560.(in Chinese))
[21]MEDLEY E W.Estimating block size distribution of melanges and similar block-in-matrix rocks(bimrocks)[C]//HAMMAH R,BAWDEN W,CURRAN J,ed.Proceedings of the 5th North American rock mechanics symposium.Toronto,Canada:University of Toronto Press,2002:509-516.
[22]LINDQUIST E S.The strength and deformation properties of mélange[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Berkeley:University of California,1994.
[2]KRZYSZKOWSKI D.Glacial deposits in northeast European untapped and unexplored story[J].Boreas,2008,25(4):269-270.
[3]徐文杰,张海洋.土石混合体研究现状及发展趋势[J].水利水电科技进展,2013,33(1):80-88.(XU Wenjie,ZHANG Haiyang.Research status and development trend of soil-rock mixture[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2013,33(1):80-88.(in Chinese))
[4]LI X,LIAO Q L,HE J M.In-situ tests and a stochastic structural model of rock and soil aggregate in the three gorges reservoir area,China[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(3):702-707.
[5]HOLTZ W G,GIBBS H J.Triaxial shear tests on pervious gravelly soils[J].American Society of Civil Engineers,1956,82(1):1-22.
[6]CHANDLER R J.The inclination of talus,arctic talus terraces,and other slopes composed of granular materials[J].The Journal of Geology,1973,81(1):1-14.
[7]HUANG S L,DING X L,ZHANG Y T,et al.Triaxial test and mechanical analysis of rock-soil aggregate sampled from natural sliding mass[J].Advances in Materials Science and Engineering,2015:1-14.
[8]廖秋林,李晓,李守定.土石混合体重塑样制备及其压密特征与力学特性分析[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(3):385-391.(LIAOQiulin,LI Xiao,LI Shouding.Samples remodeling compactness characteristic and mechanical behavior of rock-soil mixtures[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(3):385-391.(in Chinese))
[9]KUENZA K,TOWHATA I,ORENSE R P,et al.Undrained torsional shear tests on gravelly soils[J].Landslides,2004,1(3):185-194
[10]李晓,廖秋林,赫建明,等.土石混合体力学特性的原位试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2 377-2 384.(LI Xiao,LIAO Qiulin,HE Jianming,et al.Study on in-situ tests of mechanical characteristics on soil-rock mixture[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2 377-2 384.(in Chinese))
[11]徐文杰,胡瑞林.循环荷载下土石混合体力学特性野外试验研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(1):63-69.(XU WenJie,HU RuiLin.Field horizontal push shear test for mechanical property of soil-rock mixture under cyclic loading[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(1):63-69.(in Chinese))
[12]周中,傅鹤林,刘宝琛,等.土石混合体渗透性能的试验研究[J].湖南大学学报,2006,33(6):25-28.(ZHOU Zhong,FU Helin,LIU Baochen,et al.Experimental study of the permeability of soil-rock mixture[J].Journal of Hunan University,2006,33(6):25-28.(in Chinese))
[13]石崇,王盛年,刘琳,等.基于数字图像分析的冰水堆积体结构建模与力学参数研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(11):3 393-3 399.(SHI Chong,WANG Shengnian,LIU Lin,et al.Structure modeling and mechanical parameters research of outwash deposits based on digital image analysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(11):3 393-3 399.(in Chinese))
[14]石崇,徐卫亚,张玉,等.基于元胞自动机模型的堆积体动力学参数研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(6):1 795-1 800.(SHI Chong,XU Weiya,ZHANG Yu,et al.Study of dynamic parameters for talus deposit based on model of cellular automata[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(6):1 795-1 800.(in Chinese))
[15]WANG S N,SHI C,XU W Y,et al.Numerical direct shear tests for outwash deposits with random structure and composition[J].Granular Matter,2014,16(5):771-783.
[16]IRFAN T Y,TANG K Y.Effect of the coarse fractions on the shear strength of colluvium[M].[S.l.]:Geotechnical Engineering Office,Civil Engineering Department,1993:1-223.
[17]王新,丁秀丽.含石量对土石混合体力学特性影响的数值试验[J].水运工程,2010,446(10):93-99.(WANG Xin,DING Xiuli.Numerical tests on impact of stone content to mechanical parameters of soil-rock mixture[J].Port and Waterway Engineering,2010,446(10):93-99.(in Chinese))
[18]ZHANG Y,XU W Y,SHAO J,et al.Comprehensive assessment and global stabilization measures of a large landslide in hydropower engineering[J].European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering,2013,17(3):154-175.
[19]XU W Y,ZHANG Q,ZHANG J C,et al.Deformation and control engineering related to huge landslide on left bank of Xiluodu reservoir,south-west China[J].European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering,2013,17(Supp.1):249-268.
[20]阿比尔的,冯夏庭,郑颖人,等.岩土类材料应变分析与基于极限应变判据的极限分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(8):1 552-1 560.(ABI Erdi,FENG Xiating,ZHENG Yingren,et al.Strain analysis and numerical analysis based on limit strain for geo-materials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(8):1 552-1 560.(in Chinese))
[21]MEDLEY E W.Estimating block size distribution of melanges and similar block-in-matrix rocks(bimrocks)[C]//HAMMAH R,BAWDEN W,CURRAN J,ed.Proceedings of the 5th North American rock mechanics symposium.Toronto,Canada:University of Toronto Press,2002:509-516.
[22]LINDQUIST E S.The strength and deformation properties of mélange[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Berkeley:University of California,1994.
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