冀北火山岩型铀矿地球化学评价指标研究
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摘要
冀北地区是火山岩型铀矿的有利产出区域,本文以该区的水系沉积物区域化探数据与典型铀矿矿区岩石和土壤地球化学数据为研究基础,建立适用于火山岩型铀矿的地球化学勘查评价指标。含矿围岩富铀、钍、硅、钾。铀富集于粗粒级(-4～+20目)水系沉积物和细粒级(-100目)土壤。因此,粗粒级水系沉积物是区域测量的有效采样介质,细粒级土壤是矿区测量的有效采样介质。火山岩型铀矿直接的特征指示元素为U和Mo,其它伴生元素还有Th、La、Hg、Sb、Zr、B、F等。该指标的建立对冀北地区及北方火山岩型铀矿勘查评价具有实际意义。
North Hebei is a favorable area in search for volcanic-rock type uranium ore deposits. This study combined the regional geochemical data and local data of 460 and 534 uranium ore deposits so as to establish regional geochemical evaluation indicators of the volcanic type uranium deposits and provide guidance for the evaluation of uranium deposits in this area. Uranium deposits are hosted in volcanic rocks with high background of U(8.9×10~(–6)～13.5×10~(–6)), Th(37×10~(–6)～48×10~(–6)), SiO_2(75%～80%) and K_2O(5%～6%) and with low background of Fe_2O_3, MgO, Na_2O and Sr. Uranium is concentrated in coarse grain fraction(–4～+20 mesh) of stream sediments and in fine grain fraction of soils(–100 mesh), which indicates that coarse-grained stream sediments and fine-grained soils are useful sample media for regional and local geochemical survey respectively. U and Mo are direct indicator elements for volcanic type uranium deposits. The other associated elements include Th, La,Hg, Sb, Zr, etc. The indicators are helpful for the evaluation of volcanic type uranium deposits not only in north Hebei but also in the whole North China.
North Hebei is a favorable area in search for volcanic-rock type uranium ore deposits. This study combined the regional geochemical data and local data of 460 and 534 uranium ore deposits so as to establish regional geochemical evaluation indicators of the volcanic type uranium deposits and provide guidance for the evaluation of uranium deposits in this area. Uranium deposits are hosted in volcanic rocks with high background of U(8.9×10~(–6)～13.5×10~(–6)), Th(37×10~(–6)～48×10~(–6)), SiO_2(75%～80%) and K_2O(5%～6%) and with low background of Fe_2O_3, MgO, Na_2O and Sr. Uranium is concentrated in coarse grain fraction(–4～+20 mesh) of stream sediments and in fine grain fraction of soils(–100 mesh), which indicates that coarse-grained stream sediments and fine-grained soils are useful sample media for regional and local geochemical survey respectively. U and Mo are direct indicator elements for volcanic type uranium deposits. The other associated elements include Th, La,Hg, Sb, Zr, etc. The indicators are helpful for the evaluation of volcanic type uranium deposits not only in north Hebei but also in the whole North China.
引文
迟清华,鄢明才.2007.应用地球化学元素丰度数据手册[M].北京:地质出版社:110-111.
杜俐,沈光银,林银山.2012.华北地台北缘火山岩型铀钼矿床找矿模型研究[J].地质找矿论丛,27(4):458-462.
付锦,赵宁博,裴承凯,李新春.2014.中国铀、钍、钾元素地球化学场特征及与铀矿化关系[J].物探与化探,38(2):200-204.
付伟,冯佐海,黄永高,柴明春,康志强,余勇,杨梦力,江超强.2014.广西花山铀矿床氧化带中铀酰矿物特征、成因及其勘查指示意义[J].地球学报,35(3):295-304.
蒋喜桥,李社宏,刘战庆,黄杰杰,冯佐海,韦文龙.2012.我国铀矿找矿研究现状浅析[J].地质与矿产,26(5):357-362.
李子颖,黄志章,李秀珍,林锦荣.2004.华南铀矿成矿区域特征标志[J].世界核地质科学,21(1):1-4.
刘金辉,史维浚,孙占学.2007.从铀系列同位素角度探讨砂岩型铀矿的形成过程及找矿标志[J].地球学报,28(1):39-42.
吕增尧.2012.张麻井铀钼矿床地质特征及沽源盆地找矿思路[J].矿产勘查,3(4):452-457.
罗毅,周德安,夏毓亮,黄净白,何奕强,陶铨,崔焕敏,朱德龄.1997.燕辽地区火山热液型铀·金·多金属矿床成矿特征及分布规律[M].北京:原子能出版社.
师淑娟,陈军威,代永刚,冯晓辉.2017.冀北地区铀的地球化学时空分布[J].物探与化探,41(4):627-633.
师淑娟,代永刚,陈军威,李冉.2018.冀北地区火山岩型隐伏铀矿地球化学勘查方法试验研究[J].地质科技情报,37(2):103-108.
王学求,程志中,迟清华,孙宏伟.2002.吐哈盆地砂岩型铀矿战略性地球化学调查与评价[J].地质与勘探,38:148-151.
王勇,叶荣,刘洪军,吴国东,王东升.2017.热液型铀矿穿透性地球化学勘查方法的微观证据[J].世界核地质科学,34(3):167-173.
谢学锦,任天祥,孙焕振.2012.中国地球化学图集[M].北京:地质出版社:97-99.
谢学锦.1992.地球化学填图-地学研究的一个新前沿[J].大自然探索,11(4):4-9.
张必敏,王学求,徐善法,姚文生,叶荣.2016.盆地金属矿穿透性地球化学勘查模型与案例[J].中国地质,43(5):1697-1709.
CASTOR S B,HENRY C D.2000.Geology,geochemistry,and origin of volcanic rock-hosted uranium deposits in northwestern Nevada and southeastern oregon,USA[J].Ore Geology Reviews,16:1-40.
CHABIRON A,CUNEY M,POTY B.2003.Possible uranium sources for the largest uranium district associated with volcanism:the Streltsovka caldera(Transbaikalia,Russia)[J].Mineralium Deposita,38:127-140.
CHI Qing-hua,YAN Ming-cai.2007.Handbook of Elemental Abundance for Applied Geochemistry[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,110-111(in Chinese).
DU Li,SHEN Guang-yin,LIN Yin-shan.2012.Prospecting model research of volcanic-hosted U-Mo deposits at north margin of the North China Platform[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,27(4):458-462(in Chinese with English abstract).
FU Jin,ZHAO Ning-bo,PEI Cheng-kai,LI Xin-chun.2014.Geochemical characteristics of uranium,thorium and potassium anomalies in China in relation to uranium mineralization[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,38(2):200-204(in Chinese with English abstract).
FU Wei,FENG Zuo-hai,HUANG Yong-gao,CHAI Ming-chun,KANG Zhi-qiang,YU Yong,YANG Meng-li,JIANGChao-qiang.2014.Mineralogical characteristics and genesis of the urany minerals in the oxidized zone of the Huashan deposit,Guangxi,and their implications for deep ore exploration[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,35(3):295-304(in Chinese with English abstract).
GARRETT R G,BANVILLE R M P,ADCOCK S W.1990.Regional geochemical data compilation and map preparation,Labrador,Canada[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,39:91-l16.
JIANG Xi-qiao,LI She-hong,LIU Zhan-qing,HUANG Jie-jie,FENG Zuo-hai,WEI Wen-long.2012.Analysis on research status of uranium deposit prospecting in China[J].Mineral Resource and Geology,26(5):357-362(in Chinese with English abstract).
LABUSCHAGNE L S,HOLDSWORTH R,STONE T P.1993.Regional stream sediment geochemical survey of South Africa[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,47:283-296.
LEVITAN D M,ZIPPER C E,DONOVAN P,SCHREIBER M E,SCHREIBER M E,SEAL II R R,ENGLE M A,CHERMAK JA,BODNAR R J,JOHNSON D K,AYLOR JR J G.2015.Statistical analysis of soil geochemical data to identify pathfinders associated with mineral deposits:An example from the Coles Hill uranium deposit,Virginia,USA[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,154:238-251.
LI Zi-ying,HUANG Zhi-zhang,LI Xiu-zhen,LIN Jin-rong.2004.Regional characteristic indications of uranium mineralization in south China[J].World Nuclear Geoscience,21(1):1-4(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIU Jin-hui,SHI Wei-jun,SUN Zhan-xue.2007.A study of the formation process and ore prospecting indicators of the sandstone type uranium deposits in the light of uranium series isotopes[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,28(1):39-42(in Chinese with English abstract).
LüZeng-rao.2012.Geological characteristics of uranium-molybdenum deposit in Zhangmajing and prospecting idea for Guyuan basin[J].Mineral Exploration,3(4):452-457(in Chinese with English abstract).
LUO Yi,ZHOU DE-an,XIA Yu-liang,HUANG Jing-bai,HEYi-qiang,TAO Quan,CUI Huan-min,ZHU De-ling.1997.Metallogenic Characteristics and Distribution Regularity of Volcanic Hydrothermal Type U-Au-Polymetallic Deposits in Yanshan-Liaoning[M].Beijing:Atomic Energy Press(in Chinese).
PAINTER S,CAMERON E M,ALLAN R,ROUSE J.1994.Reconnaissance geochemistry and its environmental relevance[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,51(3):213-246.
PLANT J A,BREWARD N,SIMPSON P R,SLATER D.1990.Regional geochemistry and the identification of metallogenic provinces:examples from lead-zinc-barium,tin-uranium and gold deposits[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,39:195-224.
ROSE A W,WRIGHT R J.1980.Geochemical exploration models for sedimentary uranium deposits[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,13:153-179.
SHI Shu-juan,CHEN Jun-wei,DAI Yong-gang,FENG Xiao-hui.2017.Temporal and special distribution of uranium in north Hebei province[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,41(4):627-633(in Chinese with English abstract).
SHI Shu-juan,DAI Yong-gang,CHEN Jun-wei,LI Ran.2018.Experimental study of geochemical exploration methods for volcanic-type concealed uranium deposit in northern Hebei[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,37(2):103-108(in Chinese with English abstract).
SMITH D B,SMITH S M,HORTON J D.2013.History and evaluation of national-scale geochemical data sets for the United States[J].Geoscience Frontiers,4:167-183.
SMITH S M.2006.History of the national uranium resource evaluation hydrogeochemical and stream sediment reconnaissance program[EB/OL].[2018-09-29].https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-0492/nurehist.htm,
WANG Xue-qiu,CHENG Zhi-zhong,CHI Qing-hua,SUNHong-wei.2002.Geochemical exploration for sandstone-type uranium deposits in the Turpan-Hami basin[J].Geology and Prospecting,38:148-151(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Xue-qiu,XU Shan-fa,ZHANG Bi-min,ZHAO Shan-ding.2011.Deep-penetrating geochemistry for sandstone-type uranium deposits in the Turpan-Hami basin,north-western China[J].Applied Geochemistry,26:2238-2246.
WANG Yong,YE Rong,LIU Hong-jun,WU Guo-dong,WANGDong-sheng.2017.Deep-penetrating geochemical microscopic evidence in hydrothermal uranium deposit exploration[J].World Nuclear Geoscience,34(3):167-173(in Chinese with English abstract).
XIE Xue-jing,REN Tian-xiang,SUN Huan-zhen.2012.Geochemical Atlas of China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House:97-99(in Chinese).
XIE Xue-jing,REN Tian-xiang.1993.National geochemical mapping and environmental geochemistry-progress in China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,49:15-34.
ZHANG Bi-min,WANG Xue-qiu,XU Shan-fa,YAO Wen-sheng,YE Rong.2016.Models and case history studies of deep-penetrating geochemical exploration for concealed deposits in basins[J].Geology in China,43(5):1697-1709(in Chinese with English abstract).
杜俐,沈光银,林银山.2012.华北地台北缘火山岩型铀钼矿床找矿模型研究[J].地质找矿论丛,27(4):458-462.
付锦,赵宁博,裴承凯,李新春.2014.中国铀、钍、钾元素地球化学场特征及与铀矿化关系[J].物探与化探,38(2):200-204.
付伟,冯佐海,黄永高,柴明春,康志强,余勇,杨梦力,江超强.2014.广西花山铀矿床氧化带中铀酰矿物特征、成因及其勘查指示意义[J].地球学报,35(3):295-304.
蒋喜桥,李社宏,刘战庆,黄杰杰,冯佐海,韦文龙.2012.我国铀矿找矿研究现状浅析[J].地质与矿产,26(5):357-362.
李子颖,黄志章,李秀珍,林锦荣.2004.华南铀矿成矿区域特征标志[J].世界核地质科学,21(1):1-4.
刘金辉,史维浚,孙占学.2007.从铀系列同位素角度探讨砂岩型铀矿的形成过程及找矿标志[J].地球学报,28(1):39-42.
吕增尧.2012.张麻井铀钼矿床地质特征及沽源盆地找矿思路[J].矿产勘查,3(4):452-457.
罗毅,周德安,夏毓亮,黄净白,何奕强,陶铨,崔焕敏,朱德龄.1997.燕辽地区火山热液型铀·金·多金属矿床成矿特征及分布规律[M].北京:原子能出版社.
师淑娟,陈军威,代永刚,冯晓辉.2017.冀北地区铀的地球化学时空分布[J].物探与化探,41(4):627-633.
师淑娟,代永刚,陈军威,李冉.2018.冀北地区火山岩型隐伏铀矿地球化学勘查方法试验研究[J].地质科技情报,37(2):103-108.
王学求,程志中,迟清华,孙宏伟.2002.吐哈盆地砂岩型铀矿战略性地球化学调查与评价[J].地质与勘探,38:148-151.
王勇,叶荣,刘洪军,吴国东,王东升.2017.热液型铀矿穿透性地球化学勘查方法的微观证据[J].世界核地质科学,34(3):167-173.
谢学锦,任天祥,孙焕振.2012.中国地球化学图集[M].北京:地质出版社:97-99.
谢学锦.1992.地球化学填图-地学研究的一个新前沿[J].大自然探索,11(4):4-9.
张必敏,王学求,徐善法,姚文生,叶荣.2016.盆地金属矿穿透性地球化学勘查模型与案例[J].中国地质,43(5):1697-1709.
CASTOR S B,HENRY C D.2000.Geology,geochemistry,and origin of volcanic rock-hosted uranium deposits in northwestern Nevada and southeastern oregon,USA[J].Ore Geology Reviews,16:1-40.
CHABIRON A,CUNEY M,POTY B.2003.Possible uranium sources for the largest uranium district associated with volcanism:the Streltsovka caldera(Transbaikalia,Russia)[J].Mineralium Deposita,38:127-140.
CHI Qing-hua,YAN Ming-cai.2007.Handbook of Elemental Abundance for Applied Geochemistry[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,110-111(in Chinese).
DU Li,SHEN Guang-yin,LIN Yin-shan.2012.Prospecting model research of volcanic-hosted U-Mo deposits at north margin of the North China Platform[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,27(4):458-462(in Chinese with English abstract).
FU Jin,ZHAO Ning-bo,PEI Cheng-kai,LI Xin-chun.2014.Geochemical characteristics of uranium,thorium and potassium anomalies in China in relation to uranium mineralization[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,38(2):200-204(in Chinese with English abstract).
FU Wei,FENG Zuo-hai,HUANG Yong-gao,CHAI Ming-chun,KANG Zhi-qiang,YU Yong,YANG Meng-li,JIANGChao-qiang.2014.Mineralogical characteristics and genesis of the urany minerals in the oxidized zone of the Huashan deposit,Guangxi,and their implications for deep ore exploration[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,35(3):295-304(in Chinese with English abstract).
GARRETT R G,BANVILLE R M P,ADCOCK S W.1990.Regional geochemical data compilation and map preparation,Labrador,Canada[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,39:91-l16.
JIANG Xi-qiao,LI She-hong,LIU Zhan-qing,HUANG Jie-jie,FENG Zuo-hai,WEI Wen-long.2012.Analysis on research status of uranium deposit prospecting in China[J].Mineral Resource and Geology,26(5):357-362(in Chinese with English abstract).
LABUSCHAGNE L S,HOLDSWORTH R,STONE T P.1993.Regional stream sediment geochemical survey of South Africa[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,47:283-296.
LEVITAN D M,ZIPPER C E,DONOVAN P,SCHREIBER M E,SCHREIBER M E,SEAL II R R,ENGLE M A,CHERMAK JA,BODNAR R J,JOHNSON D K,AYLOR JR J G.2015.Statistical analysis of soil geochemical data to identify pathfinders associated with mineral deposits:An example from the Coles Hill uranium deposit,Virginia,USA[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,154:238-251.
LI Zi-ying,HUANG Zhi-zhang,LI Xiu-zhen,LIN Jin-rong.2004.Regional characteristic indications of uranium mineralization in south China[J].World Nuclear Geoscience,21(1):1-4(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIU Jin-hui,SHI Wei-jun,SUN Zhan-xue.2007.A study of the formation process and ore prospecting indicators of the sandstone type uranium deposits in the light of uranium series isotopes[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,28(1):39-42(in Chinese with English abstract).
LüZeng-rao.2012.Geological characteristics of uranium-molybdenum deposit in Zhangmajing and prospecting idea for Guyuan basin[J].Mineral Exploration,3(4):452-457(in Chinese with English abstract).
LUO Yi,ZHOU DE-an,XIA Yu-liang,HUANG Jing-bai,HEYi-qiang,TAO Quan,CUI Huan-min,ZHU De-ling.1997.Metallogenic Characteristics and Distribution Regularity of Volcanic Hydrothermal Type U-Au-Polymetallic Deposits in Yanshan-Liaoning[M].Beijing:Atomic Energy Press(in Chinese).
PAINTER S,CAMERON E M,ALLAN R,ROUSE J.1994.Reconnaissance geochemistry and its environmental relevance[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,51(3):213-246.
PLANT J A,BREWARD N,SIMPSON P R,SLATER D.1990.Regional geochemistry and the identification of metallogenic provinces:examples from lead-zinc-barium,tin-uranium and gold deposits[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,39:195-224.
ROSE A W,WRIGHT R J.1980.Geochemical exploration models for sedimentary uranium deposits[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,13:153-179.
SHI Shu-juan,CHEN Jun-wei,DAI Yong-gang,FENG Xiao-hui.2017.Temporal and special distribution of uranium in north Hebei province[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,41(4):627-633(in Chinese with English abstract).
SHI Shu-juan,DAI Yong-gang,CHEN Jun-wei,LI Ran.2018.Experimental study of geochemical exploration methods for volcanic-type concealed uranium deposit in northern Hebei[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,37(2):103-108(in Chinese with English abstract).
SMITH D B,SMITH S M,HORTON J D.2013.History and evaluation of national-scale geochemical data sets for the United States[J].Geoscience Frontiers,4:167-183.
SMITH S M.2006.History of the national uranium resource evaluation hydrogeochemical and stream sediment reconnaissance program[EB/OL].[2018-09-29].https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-0492/nurehist.htm,
WANG Xue-qiu,CHENG Zhi-zhong,CHI Qing-hua,SUNHong-wei.2002.Geochemical exploration for sandstone-type uranium deposits in the Turpan-Hami basin[J].Geology and Prospecting,38:148-151(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Xue-qiu,XU Shan-fa,ZHANG Bi-min,ZHAO Shan-ding.2011.Deep-penetrating geochemistry for sandstone-type uranium deposits in the Turpan-Hami basin,north-western China[J].Applied Geochemistry,26:2238-2246.
WANG Yong,YE Rong,LIU Hong-jun,WU Guo-dong,WANGDong-sheng.2017.Deep-penetrating geochemical microscopic evidence in hydrothermal uranium deposit exploration[J].World Nuclear Geoscience,34(3):167-173(in Chinese with English abstract).
XIE Xue-jing,REN Tian-xiang,SUN Huan-zhen.2012.Geochemical Atlas of China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House:97-99(in Chinese).
XIE Xue-jing,REN Tian-xiang.1993.National geochemical mapping and environmental geochemistry-progress in China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,49:15-34.
ZHANG Bi-min,WANG Xue-qiu,XU Shan-fa,YAO Wen-sheng,YE Rong.2016.Models and case history studies of deep-penetrating geochemical exploration for concealed deposits in basins[J].Geology in China,43(5):1697-1709(in Chinese with English abstract).
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