致密砂岩含气储层预测方法优化及应用——以苏53区块为例
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摘要
苏里格气田开发目的层主要为下二叠统石盒子组8段及山西组1段致密砂岩储层。受河流相沉积控制,河道砂体纵向上多期叠置,横向上复合连片分布,地震储层预测精度有限,主要原因有:①储层的复杂性、强非均质性导致储层预测存在一定难度;②砂、泥岩纵横波速度差异小,限制了叠后地震储层预测的准确性;③地震资料品质差、横波速度预测不准确,降低了储层预测的精度。针对这些问题进行了储层预测方法优化。研究结果表明:①采用超道集、拉东变换、无速度剩余时差校正可以提高地震资料品质;②在岩石物理横波速度预测理论的基础上,采用多参数神经网络方法可以提高横波预测精度;③通过弹性参数敏感性分析,优选出纵横波速度比、泊松比、体积模量/剪切模量等敏感参数,并确定含气储层的弹性参数下限,在此基础上采用叠前反演技术进行含气储层预测,为区块富集区优选与井位部署提供了可靠依据。
In Sulige gasfield, the tight sandstone reservoirs of both Lower Permian Shihezi 8 Member and Shanxi 1 Member, which are further influenced by fluvial facies deposition, are the main development targets. Channel sandbodies are characterized by vertical multi-cycle overlap and lateral massive distribution. And the precision of seismic-based reservoir prediction is limited resulting from three factors, including both complexity and strong heterogeneity making a great difficulty to predict reservoirs, smaller P-and S-wave velocity difference between sandstone and mudstone restricting post-stack prediction precision, and poor-quality seismic data and inaccurate prediction of S-wave velocity also reducing the precision.So, some methods to predict reservoirs were optimized. Results show that(1) to adopt super gather, Radon transform, and speed-free residual time difference correction can improve seismic-data quality;(2) based on theory of S-wave velocity prediction, one method of multi-parameter neural network can improve S-wave prediction accuracy; and(3) by means of sensitivity analysis on elastic parameters, P-wave velocity to S-wave velocity ratio, Poisson's ratio, and K/μ are selected, and the lower limits of parameters are determined for gas-bearing reservoirs. And these reservoirs can be predicted by means of pre-stack inversion technique, so as to provide reliable basis for optimizing accumulation blocks and deploying well locations.
In Sulige gasfield, the tight sandstone reservoirs of both Lower Permian Shihezi 8 Member and Shanxi 1 Member, which are further influenced by fluvial facies deposition, are the main development targets. Channel sandbodies are characterized by vertical multi-cycle overlap and lateral massive distribution. And the precision of seismic-based reservoir prediction is limited resulting from three factors, including both complexity and strong heterogeneity making a great difficulty to predict reservoirs, smaller P-and S-wave velocity difference between sandstone and mudstone restricting post-stack prediction precision, and poor-quality seismic data and inaccurate prediction of S-wave velocity also reducing the precision.So, some methods to predict reservoirs were optimized. Results show that(1) to adopt super gather, Radon transform, and speed-free residual time difference correction can improve seismic-data quality;(2) based on theory of S-wave velocity prediction, one method of multi-parameter neural network can improve S-wave prediction accuracy; and(3) by means of sensitivity analysis on elastic parameters, P-wave velocity to S-wave velocity ratio, Poisson's ratio, and K/μ are selected, and the lower limits of parameters are determined for gas-bearing reservoirs. And these reservoirs can be predicted by means of pre-stack inversion technique, so as to provide reliable basis for optimizing accumulation blocks and deploying well locations.
引文
[1]曾忠,阎世信,魏修成,等.苏里格气田地震预测技术效果分析及对策[J].石油勘探与开发, 2003, 30(6):63-67.Zeng Zhong, Yan Shixin, Wei Xiucheng, et al. Analysis and counter measurement of seismic prediction in the Sulige Gas Field[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2003, 30(6):63-67.
[2]周锴,孙卫,王证,等.苏里格气田东区中二叠统盒8-山1段致密砂岩储层相渗特征及影响因素[J].天然气勘探与开发, 2016, 39(2):31-35.Zhou Kai, Sun Wei, Wang Zheng, et al. Relative-permeability characteristics of tight sandstone reservoir from Shihezi 8 to Shanxi 1 members, eastern Sulige Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development, 2016, 39(2):31-35.
[3]张琪,刘俊田,蒲振山,等.基于叠前反演的致密砂岩储层预测和含油气性检测[J].新疆石油天然气, 2014, 10(4):20-23.Zhang Qi, Liu Juntian, Pu Zhenshan, et al. Reservoir prediction and hydrocarbon detection of tight Sandstone based on pre-stack inversion[J]. Xinjiang Oil&Gas, 2014, 10(4):20-23.
[4]费世祥,陈兴官,靳锁宝,等.鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田有效砂体展布规律与开发方式研究——以苏东南区为例[J].天然气勘探与开发, 2018, 41(4):55-61, 68.Fei Shixiang, Chen Xingguan, Jin Suobao, et al. Distribution laws and development modes of effective sandbodies in Sulige gas-field:Examples from Southeast Sulige block[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development, 2018, 41(4):55-61, 68.
[5]吴小宁,李进步,朱亚军,等.苏里格气田东区北部下二叠统山西组二段沉积相研究[J].天然气勘探与开发, 2017,40(1):1-9, 16.Wu Xiaoning, Li Jinbu, Zhu Yajun, et al. Sedimentary facies of Shan2 Member of Lower Permian in northern East Block of Sulige Gasfield[J]. Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2017, 40(1):1-9, 16.
[6]姜仁,曾庆才,黄家强,等.岩石物理分析在叠前储层预测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2014, 49(2):322-328.Jiang Ren, Zeng Qingcai, Huang Jiaqiang, et al. Application of rock physics analysis in pre-stack seismic reservoir prediction[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2014, 49(2):322-328.
[7]赵剑,钱忠平,孙鹏远,等.利用叠前弹性参数反演进行储层含气性预测[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2014,29(3):15-19.Zhao Jian, Qian Zhongping, Sun Pengyuan, et al. Gas-bearing prediction of reservoirs by pre-stack inversion of elastic parameters[J]. Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition), 2014, 29(3):15-19.
[8]马光克,李洋森,黄玉,等.基于岩石物理正演分析的低渗储层叠前反演方法研究[J].地球物理学进展, 2019, 34(1):347-353.Ma Guangke, Li Yangsen, Huang Yu, et al. Application of rock physics analysis in pre-stack seimic reservoir prediction:a case study of low porosity and permeability reservoir in WC J/S area[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2019, 34(1):347-353.
[9]荆雅莉.叠前道集优化处理在浅层气预测中的应用[J].断块油气田, 2015, 22(6):717-721.Jing Yali. Application of prestack gather optimization preprocessing to prediction of shallow gas[J]. Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field, 2015, 22(6):717-721.
[10]苏海,郑德德,高棒棒,等.叠前地震反演技术在苏里格气田的应用[J].地球物理学进展, 2019, 34(1):179-184.Su Hai, Zheng Dede, Gao Bangbang, et al. Application of prestick seismic data inversion technology in Sulige area[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2019, 34(1):179-184.
[11]窦龑,高刚,梁琳,等.基于Xu-White模型的横波速度预测[J].新疆石油地质, 2016, 37(1):83-87.Dou Yan, Gao Gang, Liang Lin, et al. Prediction of S-wave velocity based on Xu-White model[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2016, 37(1):83-87.
[12]贾凌云,李琳,王千遥,等.致密砂岩储层岩石物理模型的优化建立[J].地球科学进展, 2018, 33(4):416-424.Jia Lingyun, Li Lin, Wang Qianyao, et al. Optimization of the rock physical model in tight sandstone reservoir[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2018, 33(4):416-424.
[13]孙璞,高刚,胡瑞卿,等.采用Xu-White模型进行横波预测影响因素分析[J].油气藏评价与开发, 2014, 4(2):15-18,42.Sun Pu, Gao Gang, Hu Ruiqing, et al. Influential factors analysis on shear wave prediction by the adoption of Xu-White model[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2014, 4(2):15-18, 42.
[14]王晓光.自适应BP神经网络在横波速度预测中的应用[J].岩性油气藏, 2013, 25(5):86-88.Wang Xiaoguang. Application of self-adaptive BP neural network to the prediction of shear wave velocity[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2013, 25(5):86-88.
[15]刘卫华,高建虎,陈启艳,等.测井资料岩石物理分析在苏西地区储层预测研究中的应用[J].地球物理学进展, 2010,25(3):939-945.Liu Weihua, Gao Jianhu, Chen Qiyan, et al. Application of rock physics parameters analysis with logs data to reservoir prediction in the SX area[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2010, 25(3):939-945.
[16]边婧.地震岩石物理分析在致密砂岩储层预测中的应用[J].东北石油大学学报, 2015, 39(5):63-70.Bian Jing. Application of rock physics analysis in the prediction of tight sandstone reservoirs[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2015, 39(5):63-70.
[17]赵万金,李海亮,史松群,等.叠前反演及AVO技术在苏里格气田的应用[J].新疆石油地质, 2009, 30(3):387-389.Zhao Wanjin, Li Hailiang, Shi Songqun, et al. Application of prestack inversion and AVO to Sulige gas field[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2009, 30(3):387-389.
[18]李凌高,甘利灯,杜文辉,等.叠前地震反演在苏里格气田储层识别和含气性检测中的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2008, 19(2):261-265.Li Linggao, Gan Lideng, Du Wenhui, et al. Pre-stack seismic inversion applied to reservoir prediction and natural gas detection in SLG gas field[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2008, 19(2):261-265.
[19]潘仁芳,王鹏.叠前弹性阻抗反演在苏里格气田盒8段致密气层的应用[J].油气地球物理, 2011, 9(1):45-48.Pan Renfang&Wang Peng. Application of the prestack elastic impedance inversion in the tight gas reservoir of the He8 section in Sulige Gasfield[J]. Petroleum Geophysics, 2011, 9(1):45-48.
[20]王震宇,刘俊州.岩石物理建模技术在致密砂岩储层预测中的应用——以鄂尔多斯盆地北部H区块为例[J].物探化探计算技术, 2019, 41(1):34-40.Wan Zhenyu&Liu Junzhou. Application of rock physics modeling in the prediction of tight sandstone reservoir:A case study of H block, northern Erdos basin[J]. Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2019, 41(1):34-40.
[2]周锴,孙卫,王证,等.苏里格气田东区中二叠统盒8-山1段致密砂岩储层相渗特征及影响因素[J].天然气勘探与开发, 2016, 39(2):31-35.Zhou Kai, Sun Wei, Wang Zheng, et al. Relative-permeability characteristics of tight sandstone reservoir from Shihezi 8 to Shanxi 1 members, eastern Sulige Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development, 2016, 39(2):31-35.
[3]张琪,刘俊田,蒲振山,等.基于叠前反演的致密砂岩储层预测和含油气性检测[J].新疆石油天然气, 2014, 10(4):20-23.Zhang Qi, Liu Juntian, Pu Zhenshan, et al. Reservoir prediction and hydrocarbon detection of tight Sandstone based on pre-stack inversion[J]. Xinjiang Oil&Gas, 2014, 10(4):20-23.
[4]费世祥,陈兴官,靳锁宝,等.鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田有效砂体展布规律与开发方式研究——以苏东南区为例[J].天然气勘探与开发, 2018, 41(4):55-61, 68.Fei Shixiang, Chen Xingguan, Jin Suobao, et al. Distribution laws and development modes of effective sandbodies in Sulige gas-field:Examples from Southeast Sulige block[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development, 2018, 41(4):55-61, 68.
[5]吴小宁,李进步,朱亚军,等.苏里格气田东区北部下二叠统山西组二段沉积相研究[J].天然气勘探与开发, 2017,40(1):1-9, 16.Wu Xiaoning, Li Jinbu, Zhu Yajun, et al. Sedimentary facies of Shan2 Member of Lower Permian in northern East Block of Sulige Gasfield[J]. Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2017, 40(1):1-9, 16.
[6]姜仁,曾庆才,黄家强,等.岩石物理分析在叠前储层预测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2014, 49(2):322-328.Jiang Ren, Zeng Qingcai, Huang Jiaqiang, et al. Application of rock physics analysis in pre-stack seismic reservoir prediction[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2014, 49(2):322-328.
[7]赵剑,钱忠平,孙鹏远,等.利用叠前弹性参数反演进行储层含气性预测[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2014,29(3):15-19.Zhao Jian, Qian Zhongping, Sun Pengyuan, et al. Gas-bearing prediction of reservoirs by pre-stack inversion of elastic parameters[J]. Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition), 2014, 29(3):15-19.
[8]马光克,李洋森,黄玉,等.基于岩石物理正演分析的低渗储层叠前反演方法研究[J].地球物理学进展, 2019, 34(1):347-353.Ma Guangke, Li Yangsen, Huang Yu, et al. Application of rock physics analysis in pre-stack seimic reservoir prediction:a case study of low porosity and permeability reservoir in WC J/S area[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2019, 34(1):347-353.
[9]荆雅莉.叠前道集优化处理在浅层气预测中的应用[J].断块油气田, 2015, 22(6):717-721.Jing Yali. Application of prestack gather optimization preprocessing to prediction of shallow gas[J]. Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field, 2015, 22(6):717-721.
[10]苏海,郑德德,高棒棒,等.叠前地震反演技术在苏里格气田的应用[J].地球物理学进展, 2019, 34(1):179-184.Su Hai, Zheng Dede, Gao Bangbang, et al. Application of prestick seismic data inversion technology in Sulige area[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2019, 34(1):179-184.
[11]窦龑,高刚,梁琳,等.基于Xu-White模型的横波速度预测[J].新疆石油地质, 2016, 37(1):83-87.Dou Yan, Gao Gang, Liang Lin, et al. Prediction of S-wave velocity based on Xu-White model[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2016, 37(1):83-87.
[12]贾凌云,李琳,王千遥,等.致密砂岩储层岩石物理模型的优化建立[J].地球科学进展, 2018, 33(4):416-424.Jia Lingyun, Li Lin, Wang Qianyao, et al. Optimization of the rock physical model in tight sandstone reservoir[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2018, 33(4):416-424.
[13]孙璞,高刚,胡瑞卿,等.采用Xu-White模型进行横波预测影响因素分析[J].油气藏评价与开发, 2014, 4(2):15-18,42.Sun Pu, Gao Gang, Hu Ruiqing, et al. Influential factors analysis on shear wave prediction by the adoption of Xu-White model[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2014, 4(2):15-18, 42.
[14]王晓光.自适应BP神经网络在横波速度预测中的应用[J].岩性油气藏, 2013, 25(5):86-88.Wang Xiaoguang. Application of self-adaptive BP neural network to the prediction of shear wave velocity[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2013, 25(5):86-88.
[15]刘卫华,高建虎,陈启艳,等.测井资料岩石物理分析在苏西地区储层预测研究中的应用[J].地球物理学进展, 2010,25(3):939-945.Liu Weihua, Gao Jianhu, Chen Qiyan, et al. Application of rock physics parameters analysis with logs data to reservoir prediction in the SX area[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2010, 25(3):939-945.
[16]边婧.地震岩石物理分析在致密砂岩储层预测中的应用[J].东北石油大学学报, 2015, 39(5):63-70.Bian Jing. Application of rock physics analysis in the prediction of tight sandstone reservoirs[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2015, 39(5):63-70.
[17]赵万金,李海亮,史松群,等.叠前反演及AVO技术在苏里格气田的应用[J].新疆石油地质, 2009, 30(3):387-389.Zhao Wanjin, Li Hailiang, Shi Songqun, et al. Application of prestack inversion and AVO to Sulige gas field[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2009, 30(3):387-389.
[18]李凌高,甘利灯,杜文辉,等.叠前地震反演在苏里格气田储层识别和含气性检测中的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2008, 19(2):261-265.Li Linggao, Gan Lideng, Du Wenhui, et al. Pre-stack seismic inversion applied to reservoir prediction and natural gas detection in SLG gas field[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2008, 19(2):261-265.
[19]潘仁芳,王鹏.叠前弹性阻抗反演在苏里格气田盒8段致密气层的应用[J].油气地球物理, 2011, 9(1):45-48.Pan Renfang&Wang Peng. Application of the prestack elastic impedance inversion in the tight gas reservoir of the He8 section in Sulige Gasfield[J]. Petroleum Geophysics, 2011, 9(1):45-48.
[20]王震宇,刘俊州.岩石物理建模技术在致密砂岩储层预测中的应用——以鄂尔多斯盆地北部H区块为例[J].物探化探计算技术, 2019, 41(1):34-40.Wan Zhenyu&Liu Junzhou. Application of rock physics modeling in the prediction of tight sandstone reservoir:A case study of H block, northern Erdos basin[J]. Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2019, 41(1):34-40.
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