典型家用消毒剂对稀有鮈鲫毒性及酶活性影响
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摘要
家用消毒剂在日常生活中使用广泛,随生活污水进入水环境后会对水生态系统产生潜在危害。选取2种典型家用消毒剂(有效成分分别为对氯间二甲苯酚和次氯酸钠,前者命名为消毒剂A、后者为消毒剂B)为研究对象,在实验室模拟条件下,开展了其对中国本土实验生物稀有鮈鲫的急性毒性、流水式慢性毒性和酶活性影响研究。结果表明,消毒剂A和B对稀有鮈鲫急性毒性的半数效应浓度96 h-LC_(50)分别为80.12和25.26 mg/L;对稀有鮈鲫幼体生长抑制效应浓度28 d-EC_(10)分别为13.60和15.72 mg/L;消毒剂A和B暴露浓度分别为40和5.6～18 mg/L时,其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性被显著抑制;消毒剂A和B暴露浓度分别为16～40和18 mg/L时,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高;与对照组相比,2种消毒剂各浓度组对过氧化氢酶活性均无显著抑制或诱导,表明SOD活性和MDA含量可在一定程度上反映出典型家用消毒剂带来的氧化胁迫影响。研究结果为典型家用消毒剂的水生态风险评价及中国水质基准制定提供数据支持。
Family-use disinfectants are used extensively in daily life.Many disinfectants have toxic effects on aquatic organisms and could cause potential environment risks to aquatic ecosystems after entering the water environment.The acute and fluid-chronic toxicities of two typical family-use disinfectants(the effective components of chloroxylenol and sodium hypochlorite,which is named disinfectant A and disinfectant B,respectively)to rare minnow were tested and researched in laboratory simulation.In order to preliminarily explore the toxicity mechanism of two disinfectants on rare minnow,the activity of SOD,CAT and MDA content in fish were determined.The results showed that the 96 h-LC_(50)of disinfectant A and B is80.12 and 25.26 mg/L,respectively,in the acute toxicity.28 d-EC_(10)of disinfectant A is 13.60 mg/L while that of disinfectant B is 15.72 mg/L respectively.SOD activity was significantly inhibited at the exposure concentration of disinfectant A 40mg/L and disinfectant B 5.6～18 mg/L.MDA content was significantly increased at the exposure concentration of disinfectant A(16～40 mg/L)and disinfectant B(18 mg/L).The CAT activity of disinfectant A and B was not significantly inhibited or induced.This indicates that SOD activity and MDA content could reflect the oxidative stress of typical household disinfectants to some extent.The results of this study can provide basic data for the environment risk assessment of water of typical familyuse disinfectants.
Family-use disinfectants are used extensively in daily life.Many disinfectants have toxic effects on aquatic organisms and could cause potential environment risks to aquatic ecosystems after entering the water environment.The acute and fluid-chronic toxicities of two typical family-use disinfectants(the effective components of chloroxylenol and sodium hypochlorite,which is named disinfectant A and disinfectant B,respectively)to rare minnow were tested and researched in laboratory simulation.In order to preliminarily explore the toxicity mechanism of two disinfectants on rare minnow,the activity of SOD,CAT and MDA content in fish were determined.The results showed that the 96 h-LC_(50)of disinfectant A and B is80.12 and 25.26 mg/L,respectively,in the acute toxicity.28 d-EC_(10)of disinfectant A is 13.60 mg/L while that of disinfectant B is 15.72 mg/L respectively.SOD activity was significantly inhibited at the exposure concentration of disinfectant A 40mg/L and disinfectant B 5.6～18 mg/L.MDA content was significantly increased at the exposure concentration of disinfectant A(16～40 mg/L)and disinfectant B(18 mg/L).The CAT activity of disinfectant A and B was not significantly inhibited or induced.This indicates that SOD activity and MDA content could reflect the oxidative stress of typical household disinfectants to some extent.The results of this study can provide basic data for the environment risk assessment of water of typical familyuse disinfectants.
引文
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[15]曹文宣,王剑伟.稀有鮈鲫:一种新的鱼类实验动物[J].实验动物科学与管理, 2003,20(S1):96-99.Cao Wenxuan, Wang Jianwei. Rare minnow:a new laboratory animal in China[J]. Laboratory Animal Science and Management, 2003,20(S1)96-99.
[16] GB/T 27861-2011,化学品-鱼类急性毒性试验[S].GB/T 27861-2011, Chemicals-Fish Acute Toxicity Test[S].
[17] GB/T 21806-2008,化学品-鱼类幼体生长试验[S].GB/T 21806-2008, Chemicals-Fish, Juvenile Growth Test[S].
[18] US Environmental Protection Agency. Interim Policy:Acute Endangered Species Level of Concern(LOC)for Terrestrial Invertebrates[R]. Washington DC:The Environmental Fate and Effects Division(EFED)of US EPA, 2007.
[19]唐学玺,张培玉.蒽对黑鮶超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响[J].水产学报, 2000,24(3):217-220.Tang Xuexi, Zhang Peiyu. Effects of anthracene on activity of superoxide dismutase in Sebastodes fuscescens[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2000,24(3):217-220.
[20]王贺威,马胜伟,张喆,等.全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)胁迫对翡翠贻贝抗氧化酶的影响[J].生态毒理学报, 2012,7(5):508-516.Wang Hewei, Ma Shengwei, Zhang Zhe, et al. Effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)exposure on antioxidant enzymes of Perna viridis[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2012,7(5):508-516.
[21]刘芝余,翟毓秀,姚琳,等.全氟辛酸(PFOA)对菲律宾蛤仔体内酶活性的影响[J].生态毒理学报, 2017,12(3):695-704.Liu Zhiyu, Zhai Yuxiu, Yao Lin, et al. The effects of perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)on enzyme activities in Ruditapes philippinarum[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2017,12(3):695-704.
[22] Richardson B J, Mak E, De Luck Abbott S B, et al. Antioxidant responses to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in green-lipped mussels(Perna viridis):do mussels"integrate"biomarker responses[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2008,57(6/7/8/9/10/11/12):503-514.
[23]石柳,王栋,张瑛,等.氧化石墨烯对大型溞的生物毒性效应研究[J].生态毒理学报, 2017,12(3):416-424.Shi Liu, Wang Dong, Zhang Ying, et al. The toxic effects of graphene oxide on crustacean Daphnia magna[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2017,12(3):416-424.
[2]范红艳.化学消毒剂[J].化学教育, 2015,36(20):1-5.Fan Hongyan. Chemical disinfectants[J]. Chemical Education, 2015,36(20):1-5.
[3] Yu J T, Bouwer E J, Coelhan M. Occurrence and biodegradability studies of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products in sewage effluent[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2006,86:72-80.
[4] Zhao J L, Zhang Q Q, Chen F, et al. Evaluation of triclosan and triclocarban at river basin scale using monitoring and modeling tools:implications for controlling of urban domestic sewage discharge[J]. Water Research, 2013,47(1):395-405.
[5]李雪春,张卫国,林野. 2014年贵州省丰水期市政水厂出厂水中三氯甲烷、四氯化碳监测结果分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志, 2015,25(9):1426-1431.Li Xuechun, Zhang Weiguo, Lin Ye. Analysis on monitoring results of trichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride in municipal product water in Guizhou Province during wet season in 2014[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Inspection,2015,25(9):1426-1431.
[6]刘伟,翟崇治,刘萍,等.长江某断面挥发性有机污染物监测浅析[J].三峡环境与生态, 2012,34(1):44-46.Liu Wei, Zhai Chongzhi, Liu Ping, et al. Study on volatile organic compounds determination in surface water samples from the Yangtze River[J]. Environment and Ecology of the Three Gorges, 2012,34(1):44-46.
[7] Evens E, Gerard K, Jean M B, et al. Toxicological effects of disinfections using sodium hypochlorite on aquatic organisms and its contribution to AOX formation in hospital wastewater[J]. Environment International, 2004,30:891-900.
[8]赵德骏,李绍秀,夏文琴,等.二氧化氯杀灭水中铜绿微囊藻的影响因素[J].净水技术, 2013,32(1):6-9.Zhao Dejun, Li Shaoxiu, Xia Wenqin, et al. Influencing factors of killing Microcystis aeruginosa in water with chlorine dioxide[J]. Water Purification Technology, 2013,32(1):6-9.
[9] Erturk M D, Sacan M T. First toxicity data of chlorophenols on marine alga Dunaliella tertiolecta:correlation of marine algal toxicity with hydrophobicity and interspecies toxicity relationships[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2012,31(5):1113-1120.
[10] Jin X W, Zha J M, Xu Y P, et al. Toxicity of pentachlorophenol to native aquatic species in the Yangtze River[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2012,19(3):609-618.
[11]张亚辉,曹莹,王一喆,等. 3种氯酚化合物对大型溞的联合毒性[J].生态毒理学报, 2011,6(4):403-409.Zhang Yahui, Cao Ying, Wang Yizhe, et al. Joint toxicity of three chlorophenols to Daphnia magna[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2011,6(4):403-409.
[12] Yin D, Jin H, Yu L, et al. Deriving freshwater quality criteria for 2, 4-dichlorophenol for protection of aquatic life in China[J]. Environment Pollution, 2003,122(2):217-222.
[13]王力超,邢立群,戴建军. 2,4-二氯酚和2,4,6-三氯酚对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响[J].环境科学与技术, 2015,38(5):25-29.Wang Lichao, Xing Liqun, Dai Jianjun. Effect of 2, 4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol to embryonic development of zebrafish(Brachydanio rerio)[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2015,38(5):25-29.
[14]王剑伟.稀有鮈鲫的繁殖生物学[J].水生生物学报, 1992,16(2):165-174.Wang Jianwei. Reproductive biology of Gobiocypris rarus[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 1992,16(2):165-174.
[15]曹文宣,王剑伟.稀有鮈鲫:一种新的鱼类实验动物[J].实验动物科学与管理, 2003,20(S1):96-99.Cao Wenxuan, Wang Jianwei. Rare minnow:a new laboratory animal in China[J]. Laboratory Animal Science and Management, 2003,20(S1)96-99.
[16] GB/T 27861-2011,化学品-鱼类急性毒性试验[S].GB/T 27861-2011, Chemicals-Fish Acute Toxicity Test[S].
[17] GB/T 21806-2008,化学品-鱼类幼体生长试验[S].GB/T 21806-2008, Chemicals-Fish, Juvenile Growth Test[S].
[18] US Environmental Protection Agency. Interim Policy:Acute Endangered Species Level of Concern(LOC)for Terrestrial Invertebrates[R]. Washington DC:The Environmental Fate and Effects Division(EFED)of US EPA, 2007.
[19]唐学玺,张培玉.蒽对黑鮶超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响[J].水产学报, 2000,24(3):217-220.Tang Xuexi, Zhang Peiyu. Effects of anthracene on activity of superoxide dismutase in Sebastodes fuscescens[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2000,24(3):217-220.
[20]王贺威,马胜伟,张喆,等.全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)胁迫对翡翠贻贝抗氧化酶的影响[J].生态毒理学报, 2012,7(5):508-516.Wang Hewei, Ma Shengwei, Zhang Zhe, et al. Effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)exposure on antioxidant enzymes of Perna viridis[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2012,7(5):508-516.
[21]刘芝余,翟毓秀,姚琳,等.全氟辛酸(PFOA)对菲律宾蛤仔体内酶活性的影响[J].生态毒理学报, 2017,12(3):695-704.Liu Zhiyu, Zhai Yuxiu, Yao Lin, et al. The effects of perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)on enzyme activities in Ruditapes philippinarum[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2017,12(3):695-704.
[22] Richardson B J, Mak E, De Luck Abbott S B, et al. Antioxidant responses to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in green-lipped mussels(Perna viridis):do mussels"integrate"biomarker responses[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2008,57(6/7/8/9/10/11/12):503-514.
[23]石柳,王栋,张瑛,等.氧化石墨烯对大型溞的生物毒性效应研究[J].生态毒理学报, 2017,12(3):416-424.Shi Liu, Wang Dong, Zhang Ying, et al. The toxic effects of graphene oxide on crustacean Daphnia magna[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2017,12(3):416-424.
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