中非卢菲里安地区Pb-Zn-(Cu)矿床地质特征及找矿方向
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摘要
中非卢菲里安地区以巨量铜钴资源闻名,同时也赋存大量铅锌资源。通过对该地区铅锌矿床地质特征、矿床成因、成矿期次以及物质来源进行系统的分析总结,获得以下认识:铅锌矿体主要赋存在恩古巴群及罗安群内的碳酸盐岩沉积地层中,属于后生层控型硫化物矿床,与MVT型铅锌矿成矿模式相似;矿化主要集中在680～600 Ma和500～450 Ma 2个时期,前者与卢菲里安造山高峰期相对应,后者则属于后造山期;该地区成矿金属元素以壳源为主,硫化物以海相物源为主,主要受卢菲里安造山活动影响而形成的高盐度热卤水从罗安群及铁镁质基岩中萃取金属元素并在断裂构造发育地区富集成矿。此外,本文还对该地区铅锌矿找矿方向提出了一定建议。
The Lufilian area of Central Africa is well known for its world-class copper and cobalt deposits,and it also hosts several large epigenetic sulphide Zn-Pb-( Cu) ore deposits. A systematic analysis and summary on the origin,metallogenic phases,material sources and geological characteristics of typical deposits in this region yields the following understandings. Lead-zinc bodies are predominantly present in the carbonate sedimentary strata within the Nguba Group and the Bancroft Formation,thus attributed to the epigenetic stratabound sulfide ore deposit. Similar to the MVT-type lead-zinc mineralization model,the mineralization of this area is mainly concentrated in two periods of 680 ～ 600 Ma and 500 ～ 450 Ma,the former corresponds to the peak of the Lufeilian orogenic period,while the latter belongs to the post-orogenic period; The metallogenic elements in this area are mainly crust sources,and the sulfides are mainly marine sources,the high salinity hot brine formed mainly by the Lufilian orogenic activity that extracted metallic elements from the Roan Group and mafic magma and enrich mines in tectonic active areas. In addition,some suggestions on the prospecting direction of lead-zinc deposits in this region are given in this paper.
The Lufilian area of Central Africa is well known for its world-class copper and cobalt deposits,and it also hosts several large epigenetic sulphide Zn-Pb-( Cu) ore deposits. A systematic analysis and summary on the origin,metallogenic phases,material sources and geological characteristics of typical deposits in this region yields the following understandings. Lead-zinc bodies are predominantly present in the carbonate sedimentary strata within the Nguba Group and the Bancroft Formation,thus attributed to the epigenetic stratabound sulfide ore deposit. Similar to the MVT-type lead-zinc mineralization model,the mineralization of this area is mainly concentrated in two periods of 680 ～ 600 Ma and 500 ～ 450 Ma,the former corresponds to the peak of the Lufeilian orogenic period,while the latter belongs to the post-orogenic period; The metallogenic elements in this area are mainly crust sources,and the sulfides are mainly marine sources,the high salinity hot brine formed mainly by the Lufilian orogenic activity that extracted metallic elements from the Roan Group and mafic magma and enrich mines in tectonic active areas. In addition,some suggestions on the prospecting direction of lead-zinc deposits in this region are given in this paper.
引文
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Chabu M.1990.Metamorphism of the Kipushi carbonate hosted Zn-PbCu deposit,Shaba,Zaire[C]//Spry P G.Regional metamorphism of ore deposits.Proceedings of 28th International Geological Conference,27-47．
Claypool G E,Holser W T,Kaplan I R,Sakai H,Zak I.1980.The age curves of sulphur and oxygen isotopes in marine sulphate and their mutual interpretations[J].Chemical Geology,28:199-260．
Cosi M,De Bonis A,Gosso G,Hunziker J,Martinotti G,Moratto S,Robert J P,Ruhlman F.1992.Late Proterozoic thrust tectonics,highpressure metamorphism and uranium mineralization in the Domes Area,Lufilian Arc,Northwestern Zambia[J].Precambrian Research,58(3):215-240．
De Magnée I,Fran9ois A.1988.The origin of the Kipushi(Cu,Zn,Pb)deposit in direct relation with a Proterozoic salt diapir.Copperbelt of Central Africa,Shaba,Rep.of Za6re[M]//Base metal sulfide deposits in sedimentary and volcanic environments.Springer,Berlin,Heidelberg,74-93．
De Vos W,Viaene W,Moreau J.1974.Mineralogy of the Kipushi deposit,Shaba,Zaire[C]//Bartholomew P.(Ed.),Stratiform deposits and copper provinces.Centenary of the Geological Society of Belgium,Liege,165-183．
De Waele B,Johnson S P,Pisarevsky S A.2008.Palaeoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic growth and evolution of the eastern Congo Craton:Its role in the Rodinia puzzle[J].Precambrian Research,160(1-2):127-141．
Dechow E,Jensen M L.1965.Sulfur isotopes of some Central African sulfide deposits[J].Economic Geology,60(5):894-941．
Dewaele S,Muchez P H,Heijlen W,Boutwood A,Lemmon T,Tyler R.2006.Reconstruction of the hydrothermal history of the Cu-Ag vein-type mineralisation at Dikulushi,Kundelungu foreland,Katanga,D.R.Congo[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,89(3):376-379．
Drysdall A R,Johnson R L,Moore T A,Thieme J G.1972.Outline of the geology of Zambia[J].Geology of Mijnbouw,51:265-276．
Eglinger A,André-Mayer A S,Vanderhaeghe O,Mercadier J,Cuney M,Decrée S,Milesi J P.2013.Geochemical signatures of uranium oxides in the Lufilian belt:From unconformity-related to synmetamorphic uranium deposits during the Pan-African orogenic cycle[J].Ore Geology Reviews,54:197-213．
Fran9ois A.1974.Stratigraphy,tectonics and mineralization in the Shaba copper arc(Zaire Rep.)[C]//Bartholomew(Ed.),Stratiform deposits and copper provinces.Centenary of the Geological Society of Belgium,Liège,79-101．
Haest M,Muchez P H,Dewaele S.2007a.Metallogenesis of the Dikulushi Cu-Ag ore deposit in the Lufillian foreland(Democratic Republic of the Congo)[J].Geologica Belgica,10:152-155．
Haest M,Muchez P,Dewaele S,Franey N,Tyler R.2007b.Structural control on the Dikulushi Cu-Ag deposit,Katanga,Democratic Republic of Congo[J].Economic Geology,102(7):1321-1333．
Hanor J S.1996.Controls on the solubilization of lead and zinc in basinal brines[J].Carbonate-hosted lead-zinc deposits,SEG Special Publication:USA,4:483-500．
Heijlen W,Banks D A,Muchez P H.2007.The Kipushi Cu-ach and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry[C]//Andrews C J(Ed.),Digging Deeper,Proceedings of the 9th Biennial SGA Meeting,Dublin 2007.Irish Association for Economic Geology,Dublin,753-756．
Heijlen W,Banks D A,Muchez P,Stensgard B M,Yardley B W D.2008.The nature of mineralizing fluids of the Kipushi Zn-Cu deposit,Katanga,Democratic Republic of Congo:Quantitative fluid inclusion analysis using laser ablation ICP-MS and bulk crush-leach methods[J].Economic Geology,103(7):1459-1482．
He Shengfei,Liu Xiaoyang,Xu Kangkang,Wu Xingyuan,Sun Kai.2018.Subdivision of geological units and metallogenic belts in centraleastern Africa[J].Geology and Exploration,54(6):1153-1170(in Chinese with English abstract)．
Hughes M J,Welke H J,Allsop H L.1984.Lead isotopic studies of some Late Proterozoic stratabound ores of Central Africa[J].Precambrian Research,25(1-3):137-139．
John T,Schenk V,Mezger K,Tembo F.2004.Timing and PT evolution of whiteschist metamorphism in the Lufilian Arc-Zambezi Belt orogen(Zambia):Implications for the assembly of Gondwana[J].Geology,112(1):71-90．
Kamona A F,Friedrich G.1994.The carbonate-hosted Kabwe Pb-Zn deposit,Central Zambia[J].Erzmetall,47:34-34．
Kamona A F,Lévêque J,Friedrich G,Haack U.1999.Lead isotopes of the carbonatehosted Kabwe,Tsumeb,and Kipushi Pb-Zn-Cu sulphide deposits in relation to Pan African orogenesis in the DamaranLufilian fold belt of Central Africa[J].Mineralium Deposita,34(3):273-283．
Kamona F,Friedrich G H.2007.Geology,mineralogy and stable isotope geochemistry of the Kabwe carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposit,Central Zambia[J].Ore Geology Reviews,30(3):217-243．
Kampunzu A B,Cailteux J L H,Kamona A F,Intiomale M M,Melcher F.2009.Sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Cu deposits in the Central African Copperbelt[J].Ore Geology Reviews,35(3-4):263-297．
Kampunzu A B.Cailteux J.1999.Tectonic evolution of the Lufilian arc(Central Africa Copperbelt)during the Coproterozoic Pan-African orogenesis[J].Gondwana Research,2(3):401-421．
Kanda N V,Franceschi G,Tack L.2003.Late Pan-African fault-related sedimenthosted mineralization in the Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC):Emplacement,genetic similarities and differences.The examples of Bamba Kilenda(Bas-Congo),Dikulushi,Kapulo and Kipushi(Katanga)[C]//Cailteux J L H.(Ed.),Proterozoic Sediment-Hosted Base Metal Deposits of Western Gondwana(IGCP450),3rdConference,Lubumbashi,Congo,Abstract volume,150-155．
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