巴基斯坦祖母绿的红外光谱和包裹体特征研究
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摘要
通过宝石显微镜、显微红外、电子探针和拉曼光谱等测试方法对巴基斯坦祖母绿的孔道水和包裹体进行了研究。红外光谱测试可知,巴基斯坦祖母绿中存在Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型水,且Ⅱ型水(5 270、3 600、1 632 cm~(-1))吸收强度远大于Ⅰ型水(1 600 cm~(-1))。流体包裹体以气液两相包裹体为主,常呈拉长状或"卡脖子"状形态,且定向排列,气相包裹体主要成分为CO_2+N_2+CH_4的混合气体,液相主要为水溶液;矿物包裹体主要有菱镁矿、白云石、白云母、石英等。特征包裹体和红外光谱特征有助于鉴定巴基斯坦祖母绿的产地来源。
In this paper,the inclusions and the structural water in the microchannel in emeralds from Pakistan were investigated by using optical microscopy,infrared microspectroscopy( FTIR),Raman spectroscopy and electron microprobe analyzer( EPMA). The emeralds from Pakistan contain type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ waters. The infrared spectra show that the intensity of water type Ⅱ( 5 270,3 600,1 632 cm~(-1)) is much stronger than water type Ⅰ( 1600 cm~(-1)). Most of the multiphasic inclusions in these emeralds are of biphasic elongated shape or are"neck-licking"inclusions,which consist of liquid( H_2 O) and gas,including carbon dioxide gas( CO_2) + nitrogen( N_2) +methane( CH_4). The main solid inclusions are magnesite,dolomite,muscovite and quartz. These inclusions and infrared spectra contribute to distinguishing Pakistani emeralds from emeralds of other origins.
In this paper,the inclusions and the structural water in the microchannel in emeralds from Pakistan were investigated by using optical microscopy,infrared microspectroscopy( FTIR),Raman spectroscopy and electron microprobe analyzer( EPMA). The emeralds from Pakistan contain type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ waters. The infrared spectra show that the intensity of water type Ⅱ( 5 270,3 600,1 632 cm~(-1)) is much stronger than water type Ⅰ( 1600 cm~(-1)). Most of the multiphasic inclusions in these emeralds are of biphasic elongated shape or are"neck-licking"inclusions,which consist of liquid( H_2 O) and gas,including carbon dioxide gas( CO_2) + nitrogen( N_2) +methane( CH_4). The main solid inclusions are magnesite,dolomite,muscovite and quartz. These inclusions and infrared spectra contribute to distinguishing Pakistani emeralds from emeralds of other origins.
引文
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Benjamin R,Emmanuel F,Jean J P,et al.2008.Characterization of emeralds from a historical deposit:Byrud(Eidsvoll),Norway[J].Gems&Gemology,44(2):108~122.
Gary B,Lawrence W S,Eugene E F,et al.1991.Emeralds of the Panjshir Valley,Afghanistan[J].Gems&Gemology,Spring,27(1):26~39.
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Giuliani G,Branquet Y,Anthony E F,et al.2016.Emerald deposits around the world,their similarities and differences[J].In Color.Special Issue,55~66.
Giuliani G,Groat L A,Dan M,et al.2019.Emerald deposits:A review and enhanced classification[J].Minerals,9(2):105.
Groat L A,Giuliani G,Marshall D D,et al.2008.Emerald deposits and occurrences:A review[J].Ore Geology Reviews,34(1):87~112.
Grundmann G and Giuliani G.2002.Emeralds of the world[J].Extra Lapis,2:24~35.
Guo Hongshu,Yu Xiaoyan and Han Haoyu.2018.Gemmological characteristic of Pakistan emerald[J].Journal of Gems and Geommology,20(S1):1~10(in Chinese with English abstract).
Inessa M,Michael R,Micheline B,et al.2000.Raman micro spectroscopy and fluorescence of emeralds from various deposits[J].Journal of Raman Spectroscopy,31(6):485~490.
Kazmi A H,Lawrence R D,Anwar J,et al.1986.Mingora emerald deposits(Pakistan):suture associated mineralization[J].Economic Geology,81(8):2 022~2 028.
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Mary L J,Shane E and Sam M.1999.On the identification of various emerald filling substances[J].Gems&Gemology,35(2):82~107.
Ottaway T L,Wicks F J,Bryndzia L T,et al.1994.Formation of the Muzo hydrothermal emerald deposit in Colombia[J].Nature,369(6 481):552~554.
Shen Keya.2011.Composition and infrared absorption spectra of natural emerald and synthetic emerald[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,30(2):233~237(in Chinese).
Wen Lu.1989.Mineral Infrared Spectroscopy[M].Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing House,1~190(in Chinese).
Zwaan(Hanco)J C,Antonín V S,Stanislav V,et al.2005.Emeralds from the Kafubu Area,Zambia[J].Gems&Gemology,41(2):117~148.
Zwaan(Hanco)J C,Dorrit E J,Tobias H,et al.2012.Emeralds from the Fazenda Bonfim Region,Rio Grande do Norte,Brazil[J].Gems&Gemology,48(1):3~17.
郭鸿舒,余晓艳,韩浩宇.2018.巴基斯坦祖母绿的宝石学特征[J].宝石和宝石学杂志,20(S1):1~10.
申柯娅.2011.天然祖母绿与合成祖母绿的成分及红外吸收光谱研究[J].岩矿测试,30(2):233~237.
闻辂.1989.矿物红外光谱学[M].重庆:重庆出版社,1~190.
Benjamin R,Emmanuel F,Jean J P,et al.2008.Characterization of emeralds from a historical deposit:Byrud(Eidsvoll),Norway[J].Gems&Gemology,44(2):108~122.
Gary B,Lawrence W S,Eugene E F,et al.1991.Emeralds of the Panjshir Valley,Afghanistan[J].Gems&Gemology,Spring,27(1):26~39.
Gary W B and Jawaid A.1989.The Gujar Killi emerald deposit,Nfrontier Province,Pakistan[J].Gems&Gemology,25(1):16~24.
Giuliani G,Branquet Y,Anthony E F,et al.2016.Emerald deposits around the world,their similarities and differences[J].In Color.Special Issue,55~66.
Giuliani G,Groat L A,Dan M,et al.2019.Emerald deposits:A review and enhanced classification[J].Minerals,9(2):105.
Groat L A,Giuliani G,Marshall D D,et al.2008.Emerald deposits and occurrences:A review[J].Ore Geology Reviews,34(1):87~112.
Grundmann G and Giuliani G.2002.Emeralds of the world[J].Extra Lapis,2:24~35.
Guo Hongshu,Yu Xiaoyan and Han Haoyu.2018.Gemmological characteristic of Pakistan emerald[J].Journal of Gems and Geommology,20(S1):1~10(in Chinese with English abstract).
Inessa M,Michael R,Micheline B,et al.2000.Raman micro spectroscopy and fluorescence of emeralds from various deposits[J].Journal of Raman Spectroscopy,31(6):485~490.
Kazmi A H,Lawrence R D,Anwar J,et al.1986.Mingora emerald deposits(Pakistan):suture associated mineralization[J].Economic Geology,81(8):2 022~2 028.
Laurs B M,Dilles J H and Snee L W.1996.Emerald mineralization and metasomatism of amphibolite,Khaltaro granitic pegmatite hydrothermal vein system,Haramosh mountains,northern Pakistan[J].Canadian Mineralogist,34:1 253~1 286.
odziński M,Sitarz M,Stec K,et al.2005.ICP,IR,Raman,NMR investigations of beryls from pegmatites of the Sudety Mts[J].Journal of Molecular Structure,744~747:1 005~1 015.
Mary L J,Shane E and Sam M.1999.On the identification of various emerald filling substances[J].Gems&Gemology,35(2):82~107.
Ottaway T L,Wicks F J,Bryndzia L T,et al.1994.Formation of the Muzo hydrothermal emerald deposit in Colombia[J].Nature,369(6 481):552~554.
Shen Keya.2011.Composition and infrared absorption spectra of natural emerald and synthetic emerald[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,30(2):233~237(in Chinese).
Wen Lu.1989.Mineral Infrared Spectroscopy[M].Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing House,1~190(in Chinese).
Zwaan(Hanco)J C,Antonín V S,Stanislav V,et al.2005.Emeralds from the Kafubu Area,Zambia[J].Gems&Gemology,41(2):117~148.
Zwaan(Hanco)J C,Dorrit E J,Tobias H,et al.2012.Emeralds from the Fazenda Bonfim Region,Rio Grande do Norte,Brazil[J].Gems&Gemology,48(1):3~17.
郭鸿舒,余晓艳,韩浩宇.2018.巴基斯坦祖母绿的宝石学特征[J].宝石和宝石学杂志,20(S1):1~10.
申柯娅.2011.天然祖母绿与合成祖母绿的成分及红外吸收光谱研究[J].岩矿测试,30(2):233~237.
闻辂.1989.矿物红外光谱学[M].重庆:重庆出版社,1~190.
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