西加拿大盆地与济阳坳陷页岩油气成藏条件对比分析及启示
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摘要
通过对西加拿大盆地页岩油气藏地质条件的分析,发现中国东部济阳坳陷页岩油气成藏条件具备与之可对比的3个特点。一是西加拿大盆地页岩油气储层的沉积环境多为海相,页岩分布范围广、均质性好,在落基山脉(南北轴向)向东侧翘倾的整个前陆盆地范围内形成了一个大范围的储集背景;而济阳坳陷页岩层多为陆相湖泊成因,具有典型的分隔-孤立盆地背景,沉积层完整,源-汇对称吻合度高。二是西加拿大盆地海相页岩生烃母质存在2种类型,Ⅰ型和Ⅰ—Ⅱ型干酪根多来源于海洋浮游生物藻类,Ⅱ—Ⅲ型干酪根多来源于陆表海环境沉积的孢子花粉;而济阳坳陷陆相页岩的生烃母质以Ⅰ—Ⅱ型干酪根为主,多为浮游生物轮藻、沟鞭藻、颗石藻等。三是在西加拿大盆地泥盆系沉积层中普遍见到有机质热演化孔,岩石密度较低;而在济阳坳陷的页岩中则少见该类孔隙,且由于页岩层处于成岩中—晚期而呈致密结构。此外,西加拿大盆地与济阳坳陷页岩油气的开发条件也存在较大差异,西加拿大盆地页岩地层中含有比例较大的长英质刚性颗粒,岩石脆性、可压性等工艺-地质条件较好;而济阳坳陷页岩组分中多含硬度较低的碳酸盐矿物,刚性颗粒含量极低,难以建立后期压裂投产所必备的支撑结构。济阳坳陷陆相页岩油气的"甜点"应聚焦于韵律层理缝隙带、曲率变化形成的不规则裂缝及矿物结晶和有机质热解形成的微-纳米孔。
Through the analysis of the geological conditions of shale oil and gas reservoirs in Western Canadian Basin,it is found that the oil and gas enrichment conditions in Jiyang Depression have three comparable characteristics. First,the sedimentary environment of shale oil and gas reservoirs in Western Canadian Basin is mostly marine facies,in which the homogeneous shale distributes widely and forms a large accumulation in the whole foreland basin which tilts eastward in the Rocky Mountains(north to south direction). However,the shale reservoirs in Jiyang Depression are mostly form in continental lacustrine environment,which is the typical separated-isolated basin with complete sedimentary layers,and with high source-sink symmetry coincidence. Second,there are two types of hydrocarbon generating parent material in the marine shale of the Western Canadian Basin. TypeⅠand Type Ⅰ-Ⅱ kerogens are mostly from marine plankton and algae,TypeⅡ-Ⅲ kerogens are mostly from spore pollen deposited in surface marine environment. While Type Ⅰ-Ⅱ kerogens are the major hydrocarbon-generating parent materials of continental shale in Jiyang Depression,and they are mostly from phytoplankton,dinoflagellates,coccolites,etc. Third,organic pores from thermal evolution is commonly developed in low-density Devonian sediments of Western Canadian Basin,while they are rarely found in shale of Jiyang Depression because the shale is in the middle-late stage of diagenesis and develops compact structure. In addition,the development conditions of shale oil and gas in West Canadian Basin and Jiyang Depression are quite different. The shale strata in Western Canadian Basin contain a large proportion of rigid felsic quartz particles,and the brittleness and compressibility of rocks are better,while the shale components in Jiyang Depression is comprised of more carbonate minerals with lower hardness. The content of rigid particles in Jiyang Depression is extremely low,and therefore it is difficult to establish the necessary supporting structure for later fracturing operation. The"sweet spots"of continental shale oil and gas should distributes in rhythmic bedding fracture zone,irregular cracks caused by curvature change,micro-nanopores caused by mineral crystallization and pyrolysis of organic matter in Jiyang Depression.
Through the analysis of the geological conditions of shale oil and gas reservoirs in Western Canadian Basin,it is found that the oil and gas enrichment conditions in Jiyang Depression have three comparable characteristics. First,the sedimentary environment of shale oil and gas reservoirs in Western Canadian Basin is mostly marine facies,in which the homogeneous shale distributes widely and forms a large accumulation in the whole foreland basin which tilts eastward in the Rocky Mountains(north to south direction). However,the shale reservoirs in Jiyang Depression are mostly form in continental lacustrine environment,which is the typical separated-isolated basin with complete sedimentary layers,and with high source-sink symmetry coincidence. Second,there are two types of hydrocarbon generating parent material in the marine shale of the Western Canadian Basin. TypeⅠand Type Ⅰ-Ⅱ kerogens are mostly from marine plankton and algae,TypeⅡ-Ⅲ kerogens are mostly from spore pollen deposited in surface marine environment. While Type Ⅰ-Ⅱ kerogens are the major hydrocarbon-generating parent materials of continental shale in Jiyang Depression,and they are mostly from phytoplankton,dinoflagellates,coccolites,etc. Third,organic pores from thermal evolution is commonly developed in low-density Devonian sediments of Western Canadian Basin,while they are rarely found in shale of Jiyang Depression because the shale is in the middle-late stage of diagenesis and develops compact structure. In addition,the development conditions of shale oil and gas in West Canadian Basin and Jiyang Depression are quite different. The shale strata in Western Canadian Basin contain a large proportion of rigid felsic quartz particles,and the brittleness and compressibility of rocks are better,while the shale components in Jiyang Depression is comprised of more carbonate minerals with lower hardness. The content of rigid particles in Jiyang Depression is extremely low,and therefore it is difficult to establish the necessary supporting structure for later fracturing operation. The"sweet spots"of continental shale oil and gas should distributes in rhythmic bedding fracture zone,irregular cracks caused by curvature change,micro-nanopores caused by mineral crystallization and pyrolysis of organic matter in Jiyang Depression.
引文
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[14]吴奇,胥云,张守良,等.非常规油气藏体积改造技术核心理论与优化设计关键[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):706-714.WU Qi,XU Yun,ZHANG Shouliang,et al.The core theories and key optimization designs of volume stimulation technology for unconventional reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):706-714.
[15]丁文龙,许长春,久凯,等.泥页岩裂缝研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(2):135-144.DING Wenlong,XU Changchun,JIU Kai,et al.The research progress of shale fractures[J].Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(2):135-144.
[16]李江海,李维波,周肖贝,等.全球沉积盆地结构与构造演化特征:洲际纬向超长剖面对比研究[J].大地构造与成矿学,2014,38(1):1-11.LI Jianghai,LI Weibo,ZHOU Xiaobei,et al.Characteristics of structural and tectonic evolution of global sedimentary basins:evidence from the comparison of E-W global-scale profile[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2014,38(1):1-11.
[17]李新景,吕宗刚,董大忠,等.北美页岩气资源形成的地质条件[J].天然气工业,2009,29(5):27-32.LI Xinjing,LüZonggang,DONG Dazhong,et al.Geologic controls on accumulation of shale gas in North America[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(5):27-32.
[18]张所续.世界页岩气勘探开发现状及我国页岩气发展展望[J].中国矿业,2013,22(3):1-3,11.ZHANG Suoxu.The exploration and development situation of world shale gas and development of China’s shale gas outlook[J].China Mining Magazine,2013,22(3):1-3,11.
[19]赵靖舟,方朝强,张洁,等.由北美页岩气勘探开发看我国页岩气选区评价[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,26(2):1-7,110.ZHAO Jingzhou,FANG Chaoqiang,ZHANG Jie,et al.Evaluation of China shale gas from the exploration and development of North America shale gas[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University:Natural Science,2011,26(2):1-7,110.
[20]张守鹏.储存域与油气成藏的有效性分析[J].油气地质与采收率,2007,14(5):5-7,22.ZHANG Shoupeng.Analysis on the oil storing area and validity of hydrocarbon reservoir forming[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2007,14(5):5-7,22.
[21]庞长英,连军利,吴一凡,等.美国页岩油气开发技术及对我国的启示[J].石油地质与工程,2012,26(5):62-66.PANG Changying,LIAN Junli,WU Yifan,et al.Enlightment of American shale oil and gas development technology towards China[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2012,26(5):62-66.
[22]TAMMEOJA T,REINSALU E.Forecast of Estonian oil shale usage for power generation[J].Oil Shale,2008,25(2):115-124.
[23]ENERGIA E.Creating new energy,the financial year(2008/2009)[C]//International Oil Shale Symposium.Tallinn:Tallinn International Oil Shale Seminar,2009.
[24]OTS A.Oil shale as power fuel[C]//International Oil Shale Symposium.Tallinn:Tallinn International Oil Shale Seminar,2009.
[25]SARKKI J.Five years of successful operation with Foster Wheeler CFB boilers burning oil shale at Narva power stations[C]//International Oil Shale Symposium.Tallinn:Tallinn International Oil Shale Seminar,2009.
[26]朱光有,金强,张善文,等.渤南洼陷盐湖-咸水湖沉积组合及其油气聚集[J].矿物学报,2004,24(1):25-30.ZHU Guangyou,JIN Qiang,ZHANG Shanwen,et al.Salt lake-saline lake sedimentary combination and petroleum accumulation in the Bonan Sag[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2004,24(1):25-30.
[27]郝运轻,谢忠怀,周自立,等.非常规油气勘探领域泥页岩综合分类命名方案探讨[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(6):16-19,24.HAO Yunqing,XIE Zhonghuai,ZHOU Zili,et al.Discussion on multi-factors identification of mudstone and shale[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(6):16-19,24.
[2]GAUTIER D L,DOLTON G L,TAKAHASHI K I,et al.National assessment of United States oil and gas resources-Results,methodology,and supporting data[C].McGregor and Carl Abston:U SGeological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-30,1995.
[3]姜福杰,庞雄奇,欧阳学成,等.世界页岩气研究概况及中国页岩气资源潜力分析[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):198-211.JIANG Fujie,PANG Xiongqi,OUYANG Xuecheng,et al.The main progress and problems of shale gas study and the potential prediction of shale gas exploration[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(2):198-211.
[4]BREYER J A.Shale reservoirs:giant reservoir for the 21stcentury[C].Tulsa:AAPG memoir:2012.
[5]BUSTIN R M.Gas shale tapped for big pay[J].AAPG Explore,2005,26(2):5-7.
[6]张金川,林腊梅,李玉喜,等.页岩油分类与评价[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):322-331.ZHANG Jinchuan,LIN Lamei,LI Yuxi,et al.Classification and evaluation of shale oil[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(5):322-331.
[7]CHALMERS G R L,BUSTIN R M.Light volatile liquid and gas shale reservoir potential of the Cretaceous Shaftesbury Formation in northeastern British Columbia,Canada[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,97(7):1 333-1 367.
[8]谌卓恒,OSADETZ Kirk G.西加拿大沉积盆地Cardium组致密油资源评价[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(3):320-328.CHEN Zhuoheng,OSADETZ Kirk G.An assessment of tight oil resource potential in the Upper Cretaceous Cardium Formation,Western Canada Sedimentary Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(3):320-328.
[9]刘文卿,汤达祯,潘伟义,等.北美典型页岩油地质特征对比及分类[J].科技通报,2016,32(11):13-18.LIU Wenqing,TANG Dazhen,PAN Weiyi,et al.Comparison of geological characteristics and types of typical shale oil in North America[J].Bulletin of Science and Technology,2016,32(11):13-18.
[10]祝彦贺,胡前泽,陈桂华,等.北美A-29区块页岩油资源潜力分析[J].岩性油气藏,2013,25(3):66-70,91.ZHU Yanhe,HU Qianze,CHEN Guihua,et al.Study on resource potential of shale oil in A-29 Block,North America[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2013,25(3):66-70,91.
[11]刘耕武,BRAMAN Dennis R,李伟同,等.北美西部陆相白垩系-古近系界线孢粉学特征简介--兼评中国东部白垩系-古近系界线研究[J].地层学杂志,2009,33(1):18-34.LIU Gengwu,BRAMAN Dennis R,LI Weitong,et al.Palynostratigraphic charateristics of Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary of western north America and review on searching for Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in eastern China[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2009,33(1):18-34.
[12]司马立强,李清,闫建平,等.中国与北美地区页岩气储层岩石组构差异性分析及其意义[J].石油天然气学报,2013,35(9):29-33,58.SIMA Liqiang,LI Qing,YAN Jianping,et al.Analysis on the differences of rock fabrics in shale gas reservoir and its significance[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2013,35(9):29-33,58.
[13]陈一鸣,魏秀丽,徐欢.北美页岩气储层孔隙类型研究的启示[J].复杂油气藏,2012,5(4):19-22.CHEN Yiming,WEI Xiuli,XU Huan.Suggestions from the research of pore types of shale gas reservoir in North America[J].Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2012,5(4):19-22.
[14]吴奇,胥云,张守良,等.非常规油气藏体积改造技术核心理论与优化设计关键[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):706-714.WU Qi,XU Yun,ZHANG Shouliang,et al.The core theories and key optimization designs of volume stimulation technology for unconventional reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):706-714.
[15]丁文龙,许长春,久凯,等.泥页岩裂缝研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(2):135-144.DING Wenlong,XU Changchun,JIU Kai,et al.The research progress of shale fractures[J].Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(2):135-144.
[16]李江海,李维波,周肖贝,等.全球沉积盆地结构与构造演化特征:洲际纬向超长剖面对比研究[J].大地构造与成矿学,2014,38(1):1-11.LI Jianghai,LI Weibo,ZHOU Xiaobei,et al.Characteristics of structural and tectonic evolution of global sedimentary basins:evidence from the comparison of E-W global-scale profile[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2014,38(1):1-11.
[17]李新景,吕宗刚,董大忠,等.北美页岩气资源形成的地质条件[J].天然气工业,2009,29(5):27-32.LI Xinjing,LüZonggang,DONG Dazhong,et al.Geologic controls on accumulation of shale gas in North America[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(5):27-32.
[18]张所续.世界页岩气勘探开发现状及我国页岩气发展展望[J].中国矿业,2013,22(3):1-3,11.ZHANG Suoxu.The exploration and development situation of world shale gas and development of China’s shale gas outlook[J].China Mining Magazine,2013,22(3):1-3,11.
[19]赵靖舟,方朝强,张洁,等.由北美页岩气勘探开发看我国页岩气选区评价[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,26(2):1-7,110.ZHAO Jingzhou,FANG Chaoqiang,ZHANG Jie,et al.Evaluation of China shale gas from the exploration and development of North America shale gas[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University:Natural Science,2011,26(2):1-7,110.
[20]张守鹏.储存域与油气成藏的有效性分析[J].油气地质与采收率,2007,14(5):5-7,22.ZHANG Shoupeng.Analysis on the oil storing area and validity of hydrocarbon reservoir forming[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2007,14(5):5-7,22.
[21]庞长英,连军利,吴一凡,等.美国页岩油气开发技术及对我国的启示[J].石油地质与工程,2012,26(5):62-66.PANG Changying,LIAN Junli,WU Yifan,et al.Enlightment of American shale oil and gas development technology towards China[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2012,26(5):62-66.
[22]TAMMEOJA T,REINSALU E.Forecast of Estonian oil shale usage for power generation[J].Oil Shale,2008,25(2):115-124.
[23]ENERGIA E.Creating new energy,the financial year(2008/2009)[C]//International Oil Shale Symposium.Tallinn:Tallinn International Oil Shale Seminar,2009.
[24]OTS A.Oil shale as power fuel[C]//International Oil Shale Symposium.Tallinn:Tallinn International Oil Shale Seminar,2009.
[25]SARKKI J.Five years of successful operation with Foster Wheeler CFB boilers burning oil shale at Narva power stations[C]//International Oil Shale Symposium.Tallinn:Tallinn International Oil Shale Seminar,2009.
[26]朱光有,金强,张善文,等.渤南洼陷盐湖-咸水湖沉积组合及其油气聚集[J].矿物学报,2004,24(1):25-30.ZHU Guangyou,JIN Qiang,ZHANG Shanwen,et al.Salt lake-saline lake sedimentary combination and petroleum accumulation in the Bonan Sag[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2004,24(1):25-30.
[27]郝运轻,谢忠怀,周自立,等.非常规油气勘探领域泥页岩综合分类命名方案探讨[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(6):16-19,24.HAO Yunqing,XIE Zhonghuai,ZHOU Zili,et al.Discussion on multi-factors identification of mudstone and shale[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(6):16-19,24.
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