干旱矿区采动顶板导水裂隙的演化规律及保水采煤意义
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摘要
随着我国煤炭资源开发重心的逐步西移,西部地区目前已成为我国煤炭的主产区。总体上,我国西部矿区降雨稀少、蒸发强烈,形成了该区极度干旱缺水、生态环境脆弱的基本特征。以新疆哈密煤田大南湖矿区为例,针对该区侏罗系含煤地层具有成岩时间晚、物理力学强度低、遇水易泥化崩解等特征,采用相似材料模拟、数值模拟等手段,结合邻矿现场实测对比,全面研究了该区顶板采动导水裂隙的发育与演化过程、发育高度与形态特征、渗透性演化规律以及在该区进行水资源保护性开采(保水采煤)的可行性。研究结果表明:研究区侏罗系含煤地层采动导水裂隙的发育裂采比一般在13.09～15.67,整体形态呈"梯台型"特征;采动影响范围内裂隙发育、演化以及渗透系数的演化均呈现"稳定增加-波动变化-恢复稳定"变化特征,导高影响范围内含水层的渗透系数明显增大,一般达到3～5倍;研究区主采煤层顶板具有"多含水结构下的高位隔水层"结构特征,具备了保水的基本水文地质前提条件;结合保护层的稳定性、III-1上段含水层的静储量、开发潜力以及在研究区进行保水采煤可行性的综合评价,探讨了在干旱矿区水资源保护性开采的重要意义。
With the focus on the gradual westward shifting of coal resources development in China,the western region has become the main production areas.In general,the ecological environment is relatively weak due to the low precipitation and high evaporation.Taking the Dananhumining area in Hami coalfield,Xinjiang,as an example,in view of the late diagenesis time,low physical intensity and easily muddy disintegration of Jurassic coal-rich strata in this area,similar material simulation and numerical simulation are used.Based on the field observation and comparison of the neighboring coalmines,several significant rules are studied including the development and evolution process,the development height and morphological characteristics,the permeability evolution law in roof water flowing fractured zone and the water protection during coal mining( water-preserved mining).The results shows that in the Jurassic coal-rich strata,the development ratio of water flowing fractured fissure is generally between 13.09 and 15.67,and the overall morphology is characterized by "terrace-type".Fracture and permeability coefficient evolution in the range of mining impacts reflect the characteristics of "stable increase-fluctuation-recovery stability",and the permeability coefficient of aquifer increases obviously reaching 3-5 times within the influence range of the height of water flowing fractured zone.The main coal seam roof in the study area has the"high aquifuge under multi-aquifer structure"structural characteristics,which possess the basic hydro-geological preconditions for water retention.Combined with the protection seam'stability,the upper aquifer of iii-1 static reserves,the development potential and the comprehensive evaluation of the water-preserved mining feasibility in the research area,and the significance of water protection during coal mining in arid mining area are discussed.
With the focus on the gradual westward shifting of coal resources development in China,the western region has become the main production areas.In general,the ecological environment is relatively weak due to the low precipitation and high evaporation.Taking the Dananhumining area in Hami coalfield,Xinjiang,as an example,in view of the late diagenesis time,low physical intensity and easily muddy disintegration of Jurassic coal-rich strata in this area,similar material simulation and numerical simulation are used.Based on the field observation and comparison of the neighboring coalmines,several significant rules are studied including the development and evolution process,the development height and morphological characteristics,the permeability evolution law in roof water flowing fractured zone and the water protection during coal mining( water-preserved mining).The results shows that in the Jurassic coal-rich strata,the development ratio of water flowing fractured fissure is generally between 13.09 and 15.67,and the overall morphology is characterized by "terrace-type".Fracture and permeability coefficient evolution in the range of mining impacts reflect the characteristics of "stable increase-fluctuation-recovery stability",and the permeability coefficient of aquifer increases obviously reaching 3-5 times within the influence range of the height of water flowing fractured zone.The main coal seam roof in the study area has the"high aquifuge under multi-aquifer structure"structural characteristics,which possess the basic hydro-geological preconditions for water retention.Combined with the protection seam'stability,the upper aquifer of iii-1 static reserves,the development potential and the comprehensive evaluation of the water-preserved mining feasibility in the research area,and the significance of water protection during coal mining in arid mining area are discussed.
引文
[1]973计划(2013CB227900)“西部煤炭高强度开采下地质灾害防治与环境保护基础研究”项目组.西部煤炭高强度开采下地质灾害防治理论与方法研究进展[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):267-275.Research Group of National Key Basic Research Program of China(2013CB227900)(Basic Study on Geological Hazard Prevention and Environmental Protection in High Intensity Mining of Western Coal Area).Theory and method research of geological disaster prevention on high-intensity coal exploitation in the west areas[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):267-275.
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[10]白海波,缪协兴.水资源保护性采煤的研究进展与面临的问题[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(3):253-262.BAI Haibo,MIAO Xiexing.Research progress and major problems of water preserved coal mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(3):253-262.
[11]缪协兴,王安,孙亚军,等.干旱半干旱矿区水资源保护性采煤基础与应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2009,28(2):217-227.MIAO Xiexing,WANG An,SUN Yajun,et al.Research on basic theory of mining with water resources protection and its application to aridand semi-arid mining areas[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2009,28(2):217-227.
[12]施龙青,于小鸽,魏久传,等.华丰井田4煤层顶板砾岩水突出影响因素分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2010,39(1):26-31.SHI Longqing,YU Xiaoge,WEI Jiuchuan,et al.An analysis of factors affecting water-inrush from the number 4 coal-seam roof conglomerate in the Huafeng coal mine[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2010,39(1):26-31.
[13]陈荣华,白海波,冯梅梅.综放面覆岩导水裂隙带高度的确定[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(2):220-223.CHEN Ronghua,BAI Haibo,FENG Meimei.Determination of the height of water flowing fractured zone in overburden strata above fully-mechanized top-coal caving face[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(2):220-223.
[14]国家安全监管总局.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规范[S].2017.
[15]刘天泉.矿山岩体采动影响与控制工程学及其应用[J].煤炭学报,1995,20(1):1-5.LIU Tianquan.Influence and control engineering of mine rock mass mining and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1995,20(1):1-5.
[16]涂敏,刘泽功.煤体采动顶板裂隙发育研究与应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,30(7):54-56.TU Min,LIU Zegong.Research and application of crack development in mining seam roof[J].Coal Science and Technology,2002,30(7):54-56.
[17]徐智敏,高尚,孙亚军,等.西部典型侏罗系富煤区含水介质条件与水动力学特征[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):444-451.XU Zhimin,GAO Shang,SUN Yajun,et al.A study of conditions of water bearing media and water dynamics in typical Jurassic coal rich regions in western China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):444-451.
[18]孙利辉,纪洪广,蒋华,等.弱胶结地层条件下垮落带岩层破碎冒落特征与压实变形规律试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(10):2565-2572.SUN Lihui,JI Hongguang,JIANG Hua,et al.Experimental study on characteristics of broken caving and regularity of compaction deformation of rocks in caving zone in the weakly cemented strata[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(10):2565-2572.
[19]宁建国,刘学生,谭云亮,等.浅埋煤层工作面弱胶结顶板破断结构模型研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(4):569-574.NING Jianguo,LIU Xuesheng,TAN Yunliang,et al.Fracture structure model of weakly cemented roof in shallow seam[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(4):569-574.
[20]杨治林,余学义.浅埋煤层长壁开采顶板岩层的后屈曲性态[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(4):337-341.YANG Zhilin,YU Xueyi.Post-buckling behavior for roof strata in shallow seam longwall mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(4):337-341.
[21]李东发,宋业杰,李磊.沙吉海煤矿厚煤层综放开采覆岩破坏特征研究[J].煤矿开采,2016,21(5):68-70.LI Dongfa,SONG Yejie,LI Lei.Overburden strata broken characters of fully mechanized top coal caving with thickness coal seam in shajihai coal mine[J].Coal Mining Technology,2016,21(5):68-70.
[22]来兴平,崔峰,曹建涛,等.三软煤层综放工作面覆岩垮落及裂隙导水特征分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):148-154.LAI Xingping,CUI Feng,CAO Jiantao,et al.Analysis on characteristics of overlying rock caving and fissure conductive water in top-coal caving working face at three soft coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):148-154.
[23]谢和平,于广明,杨伦,等.采动岩体分形裂隙网络研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(2):147-151.XIE Heping,YU Guangming,YANG Lun,et al.Research on the fractal effects of crack network in over-burden rock stratum[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Me-chanics and Engineering,1999,18(2):147-151.
[24]涂敏,刘泽功.煤体采动顶板裂隙发育研究与应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,30(7):54-56.TU Min,LIU Zegong.Research and application of crack development in mining seam roof[J].Coal Science and Technology,2002,30(7):54-56.
[2]徐智敏,高尚,崔思源,等.哈密煤田生态脆弱区保水采煤的水文地质基础与实践[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):80-87.XU Zhimin,GAO Shang,CUI Siyuan,et al.Hydro-geological basic and practice for water-preserved mining in ecologically vulnerable area:A case study in Hami coalfield[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):80-87.
[3]范立民.神木矿区的主要环境地质问题[J].水文地质工程地质,1992,19(6):37-40.FAN Limin.Environmental geology in Shenmu mining area[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,1992,19(6):37-40.
[4]范立民.煤田开发的环境效应---以陕北神木北部矿区为例[J].中国煤炭地质,1994(4):63-65.FAN Limin.Environmental effect of coal development-in northern Shaan Xishenmu mining area as an example[J].Coal Geology of China,1994(4):63-65.
[5]FAN Limin,MA Xiongde.A review on investigation of water-preserved coal mining in western China[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2018,5(4):411-416.
[6]范立民.保水采煤的科学内涵[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):27-35.FAN Limin.Scientific connotation of water-preserved mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):27-35.
[7]范立民.我的第一篇论文:保水采煤观点的诞生[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,44(6):177.FAN Limin.My first paper:The birth of the concept of water-preserved mining.[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2017,44(6):177.
[8]孙亚军,张梦飞,高尚,等.典型高强度开采矿区保水采煤关键技术与实践[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):56-65.SUN Yajun,ZHANG Mengfei,GAO Shang,et al.Water-preserved mining technology and practice in typical high intensity mining area of China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):56-65.
[9]张东升,李文平,来兴平,等.我国西北煤炭开采中的水资源保护基础理论研究进展[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):36-43.ZHANG Dongsheng,LI Wenping,LAI Xingping,et al.Development on basic theory of water protection during coal mining in northwest of China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):36-43.
[10]白海波,缪协兴.水资源保护性采煤的研究进展与面临的问题[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(3):253-262.BAI Haibo,MIAO Xiexing.Research progress and major problems of water preserved coal mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(3):253-262.
[11]缪协兴,王安,孙亚军,等.干旱半干旱矿区水资源保护性采煤基础与应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2009,28(2):217-227.MIAO Xiexing,WANG An,SUN Yajun,et al.Research on basic theory of mining with water resources protection and its application to aridand semi-arid mining areas[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2009,28(2):217-227.
[12]施龙青,于小鸽,魏久传,等.华丰井田4煤层顶板砾岩水突出影响因素分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2010,39(1):26-31.SHI Longqing,YU Xiaoge,WEI Jiuchuan,et al.An analysis of factors affecting water-inrush from the number 4 coal-seam roof conglomerate in the Huafeng coal mine[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2010,39(1):26-31.
[13]陈荣华,白海波,冯梅梅.综放面覆岩导水裂隙带高度的确定[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(2):220-223.CHEN Ronghua,BAI Haibo,FENG Meimei.Determination of the height of water flowing fractured zone in overburden strata above fully-mechanized top-coal caving face[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(2):220-223.
[14]国家安全监管总局.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规范[S].2017.
[15]刘天泉.矿山岩体采动影响与控制工程学及其应用[J].煤炭学报,1995,20(1):1-5.LIU Tianquan.Influence and control engineering of mine rock mass mining and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1995,20(1):1-5.
[16]涂敏,刘泽功.煤体采动顶板裂隙发育研究与应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,30(7):54-56.TU Min,LIU Zegong.Research and application of crack development in mining seam roof[J].Coal Science and Technology,2002,30(7):54-56.
[17]徐智敏,高尚,孙亚军,等.西部典型侏罗系富煤区含水介质条件与水动力学特征[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):444-451.XU Zhimin,GAO Shang,SUN Yajun,et al.A study of conditions of water bearing media and water dynamics in typical Jurassic coal rich regions in western China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):444-451.
[18]孙利辉,纪洪广,蒋华,等.弱胶结地层条件下垮落带岩层破碎冒落特征与压实变形规律试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(10):2565-2572.SUN Lihui,JI Hongguang,JIANG Hua,et al.Experimental study on characteristics of broken caving and regularity of compaction deformation of rocks in caving zone in the weakly cemented strata[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(10):2565-2572.
[19]宁建国,刘学生,谭云亮,等.浅埋煤层工作面弱胶结顶板破断结构模型研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(4):569-574.NING Jianguo,LIU Xuesheng,TAN Yunliang,et al.Fracture structure model of weakly cemented roof in shallow seam[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(4):569-574.
[20]杨治林,余学义.浅埋煤层长壁开采顶板岩层的后屈曲性态[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(4):337-341.YANG Zhilin,YU Xueyi.Post-buckling behavior for roof strata in shallow seam longwall mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(4):337-341.
[21]李东发,宋业杰,李磊.沙吉海煤矿厚煤层综放开采覆岩破坏特征研究[J].煤矿开采,2016,21(5):68-70.LI Dongfa,SONG Yejie,LI Lei.Overburden strata broken characters of fully mechanized top coal caving with thickness coal seam in shajihai coal mine[J].Coal Mining Technology,2016,21(5):68-70.
[22]来兴平,崔峰,曹建涛,等.三软煤层综放工作面覆岩垮落及裂隙导水特征分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):148-154.LAI Xingping,CUI Feng,CAO Jiantao,et al.Analysis on characteristics of overlying rock caving and fissure conductive water in top-coal caving working face at three soft coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):148-154.
[23]谢和平,于广明,杨伦,等.采动岩体分形裂隙网络研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(2):147-151.XIE Heping,YU Guangming,YANG Lun,et al.Research on the fractal effects of crack network in over-burden rock stratum[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Me-chanics and Engineering,1999,18(2):147-151.
[24]涂敏,刘泽功.煤体采动顶板裂隙发育研究与应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,30(7):54-56.TU Min,LIU Zegong.Research and application of crack development in mining seam roof[J].Coal Science and Technology,2002,30(7):54-56.
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