考虑土体参数空间变异性的边坡大变形破坏模式研究
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摘要
边坡失稳是涉及土体大变形的动态演化过程,该过程往往决定了滑坡失事后果。传统的边坡稳定分析方法如极限平衡方法与有限元方法难以模拟边坡失稳演化过程,尤其是失稳后的土体变形破坏过程。边坡失稳受到多重不确定性因素影响,其中一个重要因素是土体参数的空间分布不均匀性。在考虑土体参数的空间不均匀分布情况下,本文采用一种随机极限平衡-物质点法研究边坡不同破坏模式的动态演化过程,同时利用极限平衡方法简单、高效的优点和物质点方法模拟土体大变形破坏的能力。以一个两层不排水土坡算例为例,识别了4种不同的边坡破坏模式(即浅层、中层、深层和渐进),研究了它们的演化过程与土体参数的空间分布之间的关系。结果表明边坡的破坏模式演化过程与土体参数的空间分布密切相关,强调了岩土工程勘察信息对充分表征土体参数空间变异性的重要作用。
Slope failure is often a large-deformation process of soils consisting of initiation,run-out and deposition stages. The deformation process determines the landslide consequence. Conventional slope stability analysis approaches such as Limit Equilibrium Method and Finite Element Method may face difficulties in modeling the whole process of slope failure,especially the post-failure process with large deformation of soils. Slope failure is controlled by uncertainties,and one important uncertainty is the spatial variability of soil properties. This study aims to investigate the evolution of slope failure modes at large deformation in spatially variable soils using Random Limit Equilibrium and Material Point Methods. Different types of failure modes are identified from different spatial distributions of undrained shear strength. Results reveal the spatial distribution of soil properties plays a significant role in the evolution of slope failure mode. It is of importance to characterize the in-situ soil properties for slope risk assessment and mitigation.
Slope failure is often a large-deformation process of soils consisting of initiation,run-out and deposition stages. The deformation process determines the landslide consequence. Conventional slope stability analysis approaches such as Limit Equilibrium Method and Finite Element Method may face difficulties in modeling the whole process of slope failure,especially the post-failure process with large deformation of soils. Slope failure is controlled by uncertainties,and one important uncertainty is the spatial variability of soil properties. This study aims to investigate the evolution of slope failure modes at large deformation in spatially variable soils using Random Limit Equilibrium and Material Point Methods. Different types of failure modes are identified from different spatial distributions of undrained shear strength. Results reveal the spatial distribution of soil properties plays a significant role in the evolution of slope failure mode. It is of importance to characterize the in-situ soil properties for slope risk assessment and mitigation.
引文
Ang A H S,Tang W H.2007.Probability Concepts in Engineering:Emphasis on Applications to Civil and Environmental Engineering[M].2nd ed.New York:John Wiley&Sons,Inc．
Bandara S,Soga K.2015.Coupling of soil deformation and pore fluid flow using material point method[J].Computers and Geotechnics,63:199-214．
Ceccato F,Beuth L,Vermeer P A,et al.2016.Two-phase Material Point Method applied to the study of cone penetration[J].Computers and Geotechnics,80:440-452．
Chen Z Y.2003.Soil slope stability analysis principles,methods and procedures[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press．
Cho S E.2007.Effects of spatial variability of soil properties on slope stability[J].Engineering Geology,92(3-4):97-109．
El Ramly H,Morgenstern N R,Cruden D M.2002.Probabilistic slope stability analysis for practice[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,39(3):665-683．
Griffiths D V,Fenton G A.2004.Probabilistic slope stability analysis by finite elements[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,130(5):507-518．
Griffiths D V,Huang J S,Fenton G A.2009.Influence of spatial variability on slope reliability using 2-D Random Fields[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,135(10):1367-1378．
Hicks M A,Spencer W A.2010.Influence of heterogeneity on the reliability and failure of a long 3D slope[J].Computers and Geotechnics,37(7-8):948-955．
Ji J,Liao H J,Low B K.2012.Modeling 2-D spatial variation in slope reliability analysis using interpolated autocorrelations[J].Computers and Geotechnics,40:135-146．
Jiang S H,Li D Q,Cao Z J,et al.2014.System reliability analysis of slopes considering spatial variability of soil properties[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,22(5):841-855．
Li D Q,Jiang S H,Cao Z J,et al.2015.A multiple response-surface method for slope reliability analysis considering spatial variability of soil properties[J].Engineering Geology,187:60-72．
Li D Q,Xiao T,Cao Z J,et al.2016a.Enhancement of random finite element method in reliability analysis and risk assessment of soil slopes using Subset Simulation[J].Landslides,13(2):293-303．
Li D Q,Xiao T,Cao Z J,et al.2016b.Efficient and consistent reliability analysis of soil slope stability using both limit equilibrium analysis and finite element analysis[J].Applied Mathematical Modelling,40(9-10):5216-5229．
Liu X,Wang Y,Li D Q.2019.Investigation of slope failure mode evolution during large deformation in spatially variable soils by random limit equilibrium and material point methods[J].Computers and Geotechnics,111:301-312．
Phoon K K,Kulhawy F H.1999.Characterization of geotechnical variability[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,36(4):612-624．
Shi B T,Zhang Y,Zhang W.2016.Strength reduction material point method for slope stability[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,38(9):1678-1684．
Sulsky D,Chen Z,Schreyer H L.1994.A particle method for historydependent materials[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,118(1-2):179-196．
Wang B,Hicks M A,Vardon P J.2016a.Slope failure analysis using the random material point method[J].Géotechnique Letters,6(2):113-118．
Wang Y,Cao Z J,Li D Q.2016b.Bayesian perspective on geotechnical variability and site characterization[J].Engineering Geology,203:117-125．
Wang B,Feng X T,Pan P Z,et al.2017.Slope failure analysis using the material point method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,36(9):2146-2155．
Wang B,Vardon P J,Hicks M A.2018.Rainfall-induced slope collapse with coupled material point method[J].Engineering Geology,239:1-12．
Vanmarcke E H.2010.Random fields:analysis and synthesis[M].Singapore:World Scientific Publishing Co.Pte.Ltd．
Xiao T,Li D Q,Zhou C B,et al.2014.Non-intrusive reliability analysis of multi-layered slopes using strength reduction FEM[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,22(4):718-732．
Yang J H,Liu H D,Qin S Q,et al.2007.Reliability analysis of slope stability taking into consideration of spatial variability of soil parameters[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,15(2):205-211．
Yang Z Y,Li D Q,Cao Z J,et al.2019.Region probability method for soil slope risk assessment involving multiple failure modes[J].Engineering Mechanics,36(5):216-225,234．
Yerro A,Alonso E E,Pinyol N M.2015.The material point method for unsaturated soils[J].Géotechnique,65(3):201-217．
Yerro A,Alonso E E,Pinyol N M.2016.Run-out of landslides in brittle soils[J].Computers and Geotechnics,80:427-439．
Yerro A,Rohe A,Soga K.2017.Modelling Internal erosion with the material point method[J].Procedia Engineering,175:365-372．
Zabala F,Alonso E E.2011.Progressive failure of Aznalcóllar dam using the material point method[J].Géotechnique,61(9):795-808．
Zhang X,Lian Y P,Liu Y,et al.2013.Material Point Method[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press．
Zhang W,Shi B T,Shi B,et al.2017.Material point method for run-out process simulation of soil landslides and application[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(3):815-823．
Zhao J,Jiang L W,Luo Q,et al.2018.Correlative analysis between variation level of soil strength parameters and influencing factors[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(3):592-601．
陈祖煜．2003．土质边坡稳定分析-原理、方法、程序[M]．北京:中国水利水电出版社．
蒋水华，李典庆，曹子君，等．2014．考虑参数空间变异性的边坡系统可靠度分析[J]．应用基础与工程科学学报，22(5):841-855．
史卜涛，张云，张巍．2016．边坡稳定性分析的物质点强度折减法[J]．岩土工程学报，38(9):1678-1684．
王斌，冯夏庭，潘鹏志，等．2017．物质点法在边坡稳定性评价中的应用研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，36(9):2146-2155．
肖特，李典庆，周创兵，等．2014．基于有限元强度折减法的多层边坡非侵入式可靠度分析[J]．应用基础与工程科学学报，22(4):718-732．
杨继红，刘汉东，秦四清，等．2007．考虑土性参数空间变异性的边坡可靠度分析[J]．工程地质学报，15(2):205-211．
杨智勇，李典庆，曹子君，等．2019．考虑土质边坡多失效模式的区域概率风险分析方法[J]．工程力学，36(5):216-225,234．
张雄，廉艳平，刘岩，等．2013．物质点法[M]．北京:清华大学出版社．
张巍，史卜涛，施斌，等．2017．土质滑坡运动全过程物质点法模拟及其应用[J]．工程地质学报，25(3):815-823．
赵晶，蒋良潍，罗强，等．2018．土体强度参数变异水平及影响因素关联分析[J]．工程地质学报，26(3):592-601.
Bandara S,Soga K.2015.Coupling of soil deformation and pore fluid flow using material point method[J].Computers and Geotechnics,63:199-214．
Ceccato F,Beuth L,Vermeer P A,et al.2016.Two-phase Material Point Method applied to the study of cone penetration[J].Computers and Geotechnics,80:440-452．
Chen Z Y.2003.Soil slope stability analysis principles,methods and procedures[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press．
Cho S E.2007.Effects of spatial variability of soil properties on slope stability[J].Engineering Geology,92(3-4):97-109．
El Ramly H,Morgenstern N R,Cruden D M.2002.Probabilistic slope stability analysis for practice[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,39(3):665-683．
Griffiths D V,Fenton G A.2004.Probabilistic slope stability analysis by finite elements[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,130(5):507-518．
Griffiths D V,Huang J S,Fenton G A.2009.Influence of spatial variability on slope reliability using 2-D Random Fields[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,135(10):1367-1378．
Hicks M A,Spencer W A.2010.Influence of heterogeneity on the reliability and failure of a long 3D slope[J].Computers and Geotechnics,37(7-8):948-955．
Ji J,Liao H J,Low B K.2012.Modeling 2-D spatial variation in slope reliability analysis using interpolated autocorrelations[J].Computers and Geotechnics,40:135-146．
Jiang S H,Li D Q,Cao Z J,et al.2014.System reliability analysis of slopes considering spatial variability of soil properties[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,22(5):841-855．
Li D Q,Jiang S H,Cao Z J,et al.2015.A multiple response-surface method for slope reliability analysis considering spatial variability of soil properties[J].Engineering Geology,187:60-72．
Li D Q,Xiao T,Cao Z J,et al.2016a.Enhancement of random finite element method in reliability analysis and risk assessment of soil slopes using Subset Simulation[J].Landslides,13(2):293-303．
Li D Q,Xiao T,Cao Z J,et al.2016b.Efficient and consistent reliability analysis of soil slope stability using both limit equilibrium analysis and finite element analysis[J].Applied Mathematical Modelling,40(9-10):5216-5229．
Liu X,Wang Y,Li D Q.2019.Investigation of slope failure mode evolution during large deformation in spatially variable soils by random limit equilibrium and material point methods[J].Computers and Geotechnics,111:301-312．
Phoon K K,Kulhawy F H.1999.Characterization of geotechnical variability[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,36(4):612-624．
Shi B T,Zhang Y,Zhang W.2016.Strength reduction material point method for slope stability[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,38(9):1678-1684．
Sulsky D,Chen Z,Schreyer H L.1994.A particle method for historydependent materials[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,118(1-2):179-196．
Wang B,Hicks M A,Vardon P J.2016a.Slope failure analysis using the random material point method[J].Géotechnique Letters,6(2):113-118．
Wang Y,Cao Z J,Li D Q.2016b.Bayesian perspective on geotechnical variability and site characterization[J].Engineering Geology,203:117-125．
Wang B,Feng X T,Pan P Z,et al.2017.Slope failure analysis using the material point method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,36(9):2146-2155．
Wang B,Vardon P J,Hicks M A.2018.Rainfall-induced slope collapse with coupled material point method[J].Engineering Geology,239:1-12．
Vanmarcke E H.2010.Random fields:analysis and synthesis[M].Singapore:World Scientific Publishing Co.Pte.Ltd．
Xiao T,Li D Q,Zhou C B,et al.2014.Non-intrusive reliability analysis of multi-layered slopes using strength reduction FEM[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,22(4):718-732．
Yang J H,Liu H D,Qin S Q,et al.2007.Reliability analysis of slope stability taking into consideration of spatial variability of soil parameters[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,15(2):205-211．
Yang Z Y,Li D Q,Cao Z J,et al.2019.Region probability method for soil slope risk assessment involving multiple failure modes[J].Engineering Mechanics,36(5):216-225,234．
Yerro A,Alonso E E,Pinyol N M.2015.The material point method for unsaturated soils[J].Géotechnique,65(3):201-217．
Yerro A,Alonso E E,Pinyol N M.2016.Run-out of landslides in brittle soils[J].Computers and Geotechnics,80:427-439．
Yerro A,Rohe A,Soga K.2017.Modelling Internal erosion with the material point method[J].Procedia Engineering,175:365-372．
Zabala F,Alonso E E.2011.Progressive failure of Aznalcóllar dam using the material point method[J].Géotechnique,61(9):795-808．
Zhang X,Lian Y P,Liu Y,et al.2013.Material Point Method[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press．
Zhang W,Shi B T,Shi B,et al.2017.Material point method for run-out process simulation of soil landslides and application[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(3):815-823．
Zhao J,Jiang L W,Luo Q,et al.2018.Correlative analysis between variation level of soil strength parameters and influencing factors[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(3):592-601．
陈祖煜．2003．土质边坡稳定分析-原理、方法、程序[M]．北京:中国水利水电出版社．
蒋水华，李典庆，曹子君，等．2014．考虑参数空间变异性的边坡系统可靠度分析[J]．应用基础与工程科学学报，22(5):841-855．
史卜涛，张云，张巍．2016．边坡稳定性分析的物质点强度折减法[J]．岩土工程学报，38(9):1678-1684．
王斌，冯夏庭，潘鹏志，等．2017．物质点法在边坡稳定性评价中的应用研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，36(9):2146-2155．
肖特，李典庆，周创兵，等．2014．基于有限元强度折减法的多层边坡非侵入式可靠度分析[J]．应用基础与工程科学学报，22(4):718-732．
杨继红，刘汉东，秦四清，等．2007．考虑土性参数空间变异性的边坡可靠度分析[J]．工程地质学报，15(2):205-211．
杨智勇，李典庆，曹子君，等．2019．考虑土质边坡多失效模式的区域概率风险分析方法[J]．工程力学，36(5):216-225,234．
张雄，廉艳平，刘岩，等．2013．物质点法[M]．北京:清华大学出版社．
张巍，史卜涛，施斌，等．2017．土质滑坡运动全过程物质点法模拟及其应用[J]．工程地质学报，25(3):815-823．
赵晶，蒋良潍，罗强，等．2018．土体强度参数变异水平及影响因素关联分析[J]．工程地质学报，26(3):592-601.
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