贺兰山古元古代花岗岩年代学及地球化学特征:对华北克拉通西部孔兹岩带形成和演化的制约
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摘要
华北克拉通西部贺兰山地区基底岩石以古元古代孔兹岩系和S型花岗岩为主,该区的S型花岗岩是探索华北克拉通西部陆块孔兹岩带地质演化的关键研究对象之一。本文主要以贺兰山北部的片麻状含石榴黑云母花岗岩和似斑状石榴黑云母花岗岩为研究对象,通过详细的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素以及全岩地球化学等方法来讨论其岩石成因和地质意义。结果表明,片麻状含石榴黑云母花岗岩和似斑状石榴黑云母花岗岩侵位年龄分别为～2. 0Ga和～1. 97Ga,属于古元古代时期不同阶段岩浆作用的产物。片麻状含石榴黑云母花岗岩具有较低SiO_2(60. 88%～65. 42%),高Al_2O_3(16. 84%～19. 35%)、Fe_2O_3~T(5. 94%～6. 14%)、K_2O (3. 25%～5. 10%)、A/CNK (1. 75～2. 34)和Mg#(47～51),低Na_2O (1. 14%～2. 45%),以及较高的稀土元素含量(∑REE=262×10-6～290×10-6)和明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0. 30～0. 55)。似斑状石榴黑云母花岗岩具有高SiO_2(71. 93%～74. 98%)、K_2O (4. 58%～6. 98%)、Al_2O_3(13. 25%～14. 79%)和Na_2O (3. 13%～3. 94%),低Fe2OT3(0. 69%～1. 39%),A/CNK值为1. 08～1. 14,且具有相对较低的Mg#值(17～43)和稀土元素总量(∑REE=35. 3×10-6～127×10-6),Eu负异常和正异常(δEu=0. 07～3. 58),二者均属于过铝质S型花岗岩。贺兰山两期花岗岩明显富集大离子亲石元素(如Rb、U等),亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ta等)。早期片麻状含榴黑云母花岗岩和晚期似斑状石榴黑云母花岗岩的εHf(t)值分别为-1. 1～+2. 6和-2. 1～+3. 8,对应的两阶段Hf同位素模式年龄(tDM2)分别为2. 45～2. 68Ga和2. 36～2. 73Ga,远大于其锆石的结晶年龄。此外,贺兰山花岗岩具有相对高的Al_2O_3/TiO_2和低的CaO/Na_2O、Rb/Sr、Rb/Ba比值,表明其原岩可能主要以变沉积岩为主。上述结果表明贺兰山地区古元古代S型花岗岩的岩浆起源于古老地壳变沉积岩物质,可能有少量新生地壳物质的加入。综合区域地质资料,本文研究认为贺兰山地区在古元古代晚期为活动大陆边缘的构造环境,片麻状含石榴黑云母花岗岩和似斑状石榴黑云母花岗岩分别形成于阴山地块和鄂尔多斯地块碰撞前和同碰撞的构造背景,表明这两个微陆块的碰撞时间可能要稍早于1. 95 Ga。
The basement rocks of Helanshan area in the Western Block of the North China Craton( NCC) are dominated by the Paleoproterozoic khondalites series and S-type granites,among which the S-type granites are one of the key objects to explore the geological evolution history of the khondalites belt in the western part of the NCC. In this paper,the detailed petrology,zircon U-Pb geochronology,Hf isotopes and whole-rock geochemistry studies were done on the gneissic garnet-bearing biotite granite and porphyritic garnet biotite granite from the north of the Helanshan region,to discuss their petrogenesis and geological significance. Zircon U-Pb dating yields emplacement ages for the gneissic garnet-bearing biotite granite and porphyritic garnet biotite granite of ～ 2. 0 Ga and～ 1. 97 Ga,respectively, which represent the products of different stages of magmatism in the Helanshan region during the Paleoproterozoic. The gneissic garnet-bearing biotite granites have low SiO_2( 60. 88% ～ 65. 42%),high Al_2O_3( 16. 84% ～ 19. 35%),FeT_2O_3( 5. 94% ～ 6. 14%),K_2O( 3. 25% ～ 5. 10%),A/CNK values of 1. 75 ～ 2. 34 and Mg#values of 47 ～ 51,and low Na_2O( 1. 14% ～ 2. 45%),which have relatively high total rare earth elements( ∑REE = 262 × 10-6～ 290 × 10-6) with evidently negative Eu anomalies( δEu = 0. 30 ～ 0. 55). Whereas,the porphyritic garnet biotite granites have relatively high SiO_2( 71. 93% ～ 74. 98%),KT_2O( 4. 58% ～ 6. 98%),Al_2O_3( 13. 25% ～ 14. 79%) and Na_2O( 3. 13% ～ 3. 94%),low Fe_2O_3( 0. 69% ～ 1. 39%),A/CNK values of 1. 08 ～ 1. 14 and relatively low Mg#values of 17 ～ 43,which have relatively low total rare earth elements( ∑REE = 35. 3 ×10-6～ 127 × 10-6),and negative or positive Eu anomalies( δEu = 0. 07 ～ 3. 58). The Helanshan granites belong to the peraluminous S-type granites. Additionally,two-period granites of the Helanshan region were enriched in large-ion lithophile elements( LILEs)( e. g. Rb,U),but depleted in high-field-strength elements( HFSEs)( e. g. Nb,Ta). Zircon Hf isotope composition shows that theεHf( t) values for the early gneissic gearing-bearing biotite granites and late porphyritic garnet biotite granites of-1. 1 ～ + 2. 6 and-2. 1 ～ + 3. 8,with a corresponding two-stage Hf model age( tDM2) of 2. 45 ～ 2. 68 Ga and 2. 36 ～ 2. 73 Ga,respectively,and far more older than the crystallization age of the zircon. Meanwhile,the Helanshan granites have relatively high Al_2O_3/TiO_2 and low CaO/Na_2O,Rb/Sr,Rb/Ba ratios,indicating that the granites were mainly derived from the metasedimentary. The above results show that the Paleoproterozoic S-type granites of Helanshan region were derived from the partial melting of metasedimentary rocks of the ancient crust source with the contribution of a small amount of juvenile crust materials. Combined with the regional geological data and new results,this study proposes that the Helanshan region was likely in an active continental margin tectonic environment during the LatePaleoproterozoic,and the gneissic gearing-bearing biotite granites and porphyritic garnet biotite granites from the Helanshan region were formed in pre-collision and syn-collision tectonic settings with the collision of Yinshan Block and Ordos Block,respectively,suggesting that the collision time of the two micro-blocks was probably earlier than 1. 95 Ga.
The basement rocks of Helanshan area in the Western Block of the North China Craton( NCC) are dominated by the Paleoproterozoic khondalites series and S-type granites,among which the S-type granites are one of the key objects to explore the geological evolution history of the khondalites belt in the western part of the NCC. In this paper,the detailed petrology,zircon U-Pb geochronology,Hf isotopes and whole-rock geochemistry studies were done on the gneissic garnet-bearing biotite granite and porphyritic garnet biotite granite from the north of the Helanshan region,to discuss their petrogenesis and geological significance. Zircon U-Pb dating yields emplacement ages for the gneissic garnet-bearing biotite granite and porphyritic garnet biotite granite of ～ 2. 0 Ga and～ 1. 97 Ga,respectively, which represent the products of different stages of magmatism in the Helanshan region during the Paleoproterozoic. The gneissic garnet-bearing biotite granites have low SiO_2( 60. 88% ～ 65. 42%),high Al_2O_3( 16. 84% ～ 19. 35%),FeT_2O_3( 5. 94% ～ 6. 14%),K_2O( 3. 25% ～ 5. 10%),A/CNK values of 1. 75 ～ 2. 34 and Mg#values of 47 ～ 51,and low Na_2O( 1. 14% ～ 2. 45%),which have relatively high total rare earth elements( ∑REE = 262 × 10-6～ 290 × 10-6) with evidently negative Eu anomalies( δEu = 0. 30 ～ 0. 55). Whereas,the porphyritic garnet biotite granites have relatively high SiO_2( 71. 93% ～ 74. 98%),KT_2O( 4. 58% ～ 6. 98%),Al_2O_3( 13. 25% ～ 14. 79%) and Na_2O( 3. 13% ～ 3. 94%),low Fe_2O_3( 0. 69% ～ 1. 39%),A/CNK values of 1. 08 ～ 1. 14 and relatively low Mg#values of 17 ～ 43,which have relatively low total rare earth elements( ∑REE = 35. 3 ×10-6～ 127 × 10-6),and negative or positive Eu anomalies( δEu = 0. 07 ～ 3. 58). The Helanshan granites belong to the peraluminous S-type granites. Additionally,two-period granites of the Helanshan region were enriched in large-ion lithophile elements( LILEs)( e. g. Rb,U),but depleted in high-field-strength elements( HFSEs)( e. g. Nb,Ta). Zircon Hf isotope composition shows that theεHf( t) values for the early gneissic gearing-bearing biotite granites and late porphyritic garnet biotite granites of-1. 1 ～ + 2. 6 and-2. 1 ～ + 3. 8,with a corresponding two-stage Hf model age( tDM2) of 2. 45 ～ 2. 68 Ga and 2. 36 ～ 2. 73 Ga,respectively,and far more older than the crystallization age of the zircon. Meanwhile,the Helanshan granites have relatively high Al_2O_3/TiO_2 and low CaO/Na_2O,Rb/Sr,Rb/Ba ratios,indicating that the granites were mainly derived from the metasedimentary. The above results show that the Paleoproterozoic S-type granites of Helanshan region were derived from the partial melting of metasedimentary rocks of the ancient crust source with the contribution of a small amount of juvenile crust materials. Combined with the regional geological data and new results,this study proposes that the Helanshan region was likely in an active continental margin tectonic environment during the LatePaleoproterozoic,and the gneissic gearing-bearing biotite granites and porphyritic garnet biotite granites from the Helanshan region were formed in pre-collision and syn-collision tectonic settings with the collision of Yinshan Block and Ordos Block,respectively,suggesting that the collision time of the two micro-blocks was probably earlier than 1. 95 Ga.
引文
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