伊朗高原新生代岩浆活动
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摘要
本研究收集了伊朗高原新生代火成岩的年代学与地球化学资料,并以此探讨其岩石成因及其大地构造意义。根据阿拉伯与欧亚大陆碰撞发生的时间,火成岩可以划分为早新生代与晚新生代两个阶段。早新生代属于岩浆爆发期,在UrumiehDokhtar火成岩带、Alborz及Lut-Sistan地区大量产出钙碱性系列火成岩,在少数地区还发现有埃达克岩。两种岩石均具有较低的Nb/La值,表明它们属于俯冲带岩浆,或来自经俯冲带熔体或流体交代变质的地幔源区。这些岩浆作用应与岩浆弧的拉张有关,但在个别地区可能还涉及后碰撞岩浆作用机制。晚新生代火成岩出露规模较小,但类型繁多,包括碱性玄武岩、超钾质岩、钙碱性系列火成岩及埃达克岩,它们各具主量、微量元素及Sr-Nd同位素的差异,反映岩浆来自多个源区,这表明后碰撞构造环境复杂,岩浆作用可能跟小规模岩石圈拆沉事件有关。
This work synthesizes published chronological and geochemical data for Cenozoic magmatic rocks in the Iranian plateau,aiming to investigate their petrogenesis and tectonic implications. Based on the inferred age of initial collision between the Arabia and Eurasia continents,igneous rocks can be classified into two groups with formation ages of the Early Cenozoic and Late Cenozoic,respectively. During the Early Cenozoic,most regions in Iran were affected by magmatic flare-up,generating not only large volumes of calc-alkaline rocks in the Urumieh-Dokhtar belt,the Alborz and Lut-Sistan regions,but also minor adakitic rocks in local places. These two groups of rocks display relatively low Nb/La values,indicating that they were formed by arc magmas or magmas derived from the mantle source which was metasomatized by the subduction zone melt or fluid. Magmatic activity at this stage is presumably related to the extension in an magmatic arc setting,but possibly also related to the post-collisional mechanisms in local places. Late Cenozoic igneous rocks are cropped out in small volumes but various types,including alkali basalts,ultrapotassic rocks,calc-alkaline rocks and adakites.They are characterized with diverse compositions in major and trace elements,and Sr-Nd isotopes,indicating that they were derived from multiple sources as expected in a complex,post-collisional setting. Magmatic activities at this stage might be related to the small-scale lithospheric delamination events.
This work synthesizes published chronological and geochemical data for Cenozoic magmatic rocks in the Iranian plateau,aiming to investigate their petrogenesis and tectonic implications. Based on the inferred age of initial collision between the Arabia and Eurasia continents,igneous rocks can be classified into two groups with formation ages of the Early Cenozoic and Late Cenozoic,respectively. During the Early Cenozoic,most regions in Iran were affected by magmatic flare-up,generating not only large volumes of calc-alkaline rocks in the Urumieh-Dokhtar belt,the Alborz and Lut-Sistan regions,but also minor adakitic rocks in local places. These two groups of rocks display relatively low Nb/La values,indicating that they were formed by arc magmas or magmas derived from the mantle source which was metasomatized by the subduction zone melt or fluid. Magmatic activity at this stage is presumably related to the extension in an magmatic arc setting,but possibly also related to the post-collisional mechanisms in local places. Late Cenozoic igneous rocks are cropped out in small volumes but various types,including alkali basalts,ultrapotassic rocks,calc-alkaline rocks and adakites.They are characterized with diverse compositions in major and trace elements,and Sr-Nd isotopes,indicating that they were derived from multiple sources as expected in a complex,post-collisional setting. Magmatic activities at this stage might be related to the small-scale lithospheric delamination events.
引文
Aghazadeh M,Castro A,Badrzadeh Z,Vogt K.2011.Post-collisional polycyclic plutonism from the Zagros hinterland:The Shaivar Dagh plutonic complex,Alborz belt,Iran.Geological Magazine,148(5-6):980-1008
Aghazadeh M,Castro A,Omran N R,Emami M H,Moinvaziri H,Badrzadeh Z.2010.The gabbro(shoshonitic)-monzonitegranodiorite association of Khankandi pluton,Alborz Mountains,NW Iran.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,38(5):199-219
Alavi M.1994.Tectonics of the Zagros orogenic belt of Iran:New data and interpretations.Tectonophysics,229(3-4):211-238
Allen M B,Armstrong H A.2008.Arabia-Eurasia collision and the forcing of mid-Cenozoic global cooling.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,265(1-2):52-58
Allen M B,Kheirkhah M,Neill I,Emami M H,Mc Leod C L.2013.Generation of arc and within-plate chemical signatures in collision zone magmatism:Quaternary lavas from Kurdistan Province,Iran.Journal of Petrology,54(5):887-911.
Berberian F,Muir I D,Pankhurst R J,Berberian M.1982.Late Cretaceous and early Miocene Andean-type plutonic activity in northern Makran and Central Iran.Journal of the Geological Society,139(5):605-614
Biabangard H,Moradian A.2008.Geology and geochemical evaluation of Taftan Volcano,Sistan and Baluchestan Province,southeast of Iran.Chinese Journal of Geochemistry,27(4):356-369
Camp V E,Griffis R J.1982.Character,genesis and tectonic setting of igneous rocks in the Sistan suture zone,eastern Iran.Lithos,15(3):221-239
Castro A,Aghazadeh M,Badrzadeh Z,Chichorro M.2013.Late Eocene-Oligocene post-collisional monzonitic intrusions from the Alborz magmatic belt,NW Iran.An example of monzonite magma generation from a metasomatized mantle source.Lithos,180-181:109-127
Chiu H Y,Chung S L,Zarrinkoub M H,Mohammadi S S,Khatib M M,Iizuka Y.2013.Zircon U-Pb age constraints from Iran on the magmatic evolution related to Neotethyan subduction and Zagros orogeny.Lithos,162-163:70-87
Delavari M,Amini S,Schmitt A K,Mc Keegan K D,Harrison T M.2014.U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of Bibi-Maryam pluton,eastern Iran:Implication for the late stage of the tectonic evolution of the Sistan Ocean.Lithos,200-201:197-211
Ghalamghash J,Mousavi S Z,Hassanzadeh J,Schmitt A K.2016.Geology,zircon geochronology,and petrogenesis of Sabalan volcano(northwestern Iran).Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,327:192-207
Hawkesworth C J,Kemp A I S.2006.Evolution of the continental crust.Nature,443(7113):811-817
Hosseini M R,Hassanzadeh J,Alirezaei S,Sun W D,Li C Y.2017.Age revision of the Neotethyan arc migration into the southeast Urumieh-Dokhtar belt of Iran:Geochemistry and U-Pb zircon geochronology.Lithos,284-285:296-309.
Irvine T N,Baragar W R A.1971.A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,8(5):523-548
Jahangiri A.2007.Post-collisional Miocene adakitic volcanism in NW I-ran:Geochemical and geodynamic implications.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,30(3-4):433-447
Jamshidi K,Ghasemi H,Troll V R,Sadeghian M,Dahren B.2015.Magma storage and plumbing of adakite-type post-ophiolite intrusions in the Sabzevar ophiolitic zone,northeast Iran.Solid Earth,6(1):49-72
Jiménez-Munt I,Fernàndez M,Saura E,Vergés J,Garcia-Castellanos D.2012.3-D lithospheric structure and regional/residual Bouguer anomalies in the Arabia-Eurasia collision(Iran).Geophysical Journal International,190(3):1311-1324
Jung D,Keller J,Khorasani R,Marcks C,Baumann A,Horn P.1983.Petrology of the Tertiary magmatic activity in the northern Lut area,east of Iran.Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Palontologie-Abhandlungen,168(2-3):417-467
Kheirkhah M,Neill I,Allen M B.2015.Petrogenesis of OIB-like basaltic volcanic rocks in a continental collision zone:Late Cenozoic magmatism of Eastern Iran.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,106:19-33
Klootwijk C.2013.Middle-Late Paleozoic Australia-Asia convergence and tectonic extrusion of Australia.Gondwana Research,24(1):5-54
Mc Quarrie N,Van Hinsbergen D J J.2013.Retrodeforming the ArabiaEurasia collision zone:Age of collision versus magnitude of continental subduction.Geology,41(3):315-318
Moghadam H S,Ghorbani G,Khedr M Z,Fazlnia N,Chiaradia M,Eyuboglu Y,Santosh M,Francisco C G,Martinez M L,Gourgaud A,Arai S.2014.Late Miocene K-rich volcanism in the Eslamieh Peninsula(Saray),NW Iran:Implications for geodynamic evolution of the Turkish-Iranian High Plateau.Gondwana Research,26(3-4):1028-1050
Moghadam H S,Li X H,Ling X X,Santos J F,Stern R J,Li Q L,Ghorbani G.2015.Eocene Kashmar granitoids(NE Iran):Petrogenetic constraints from U-Pb zircon geochronology and isotope geochemistry.Lithos,216-217:118-135
Moghadam H S,Rossetti F,Lucci F,Chiaradia M,Gerdes A,Martinez M L,Ghorbani G,Nasrabady M.2016.The calc-alkaline and adakitic volcanism of the Sabzevar structural zone(NE Iran):Implications for the Eocene magmatic flare-up in Central Iran.Lithos,248-251:517-535
Omrani J,Agard P,Whitechurch H,Benoit M,Prouteau G,Jolivet L.2008.Arc-magmatism and subduction history beneath the Zagros Mountains,Iran:A new report of adakites and geodynamic consequences.Lithos,106(3-4):380-398
Pang K N,Chung S L,Zarrinkoub M H,Chiu H Y,Li X H.2014.On the magmatic record of the Makran arc,southeastern Iran:Insights from zircon U-Pb geochronology and bulk-rock geochemistry.Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,15(6):2151-2169
Pang K N,Chung S L,Zarrinkoub M H,Khatib M M,Mohammadi S S,Chiu H Y,Chu C H,Lee H Y,Lo C H.2013a.Eocene-Oligocene post-collisional magmatism in the Lut-Sistan region,eastern Iran:Magma genesis and tectonic implications.Lithos,180-181:234-251
Pang K N,Chung S L,Zarrinkoub M H,Li X H,Lee H Y,Lin T H,Chiu H Y.2016.New age and geochemical constraints on the origin of Quaternary adakite-like lavas in the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone.Lithos,264:348-359
Pang K N,Chung S L,Zarrinkoub M H,Lin Y C,Lee H Y,Lo C H,Khatib M M.2013b.Iranian ultrapotassic volcanism at~11 Ma signifies the initiation of post-collisional magmatism in the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone.Terra Nova,25(5):405-413
Pang K N,Chung S L,Zarrinkoub M H,Mohammadi S S,Yang H M,Chu C H,Lee H Y,Lo C H.2012.Age,geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis of Late Cenozoic intraplate alkali basalts in the Lut-Sistan region,eastern Iran.Chemical Geology,306-307:40-53
Pang K N,Chung S L,Zarrinkoub M H,Wang F,Kamenetsky V S,Lee H Y.2015.Quaternary high-Mg ultrapotassic rocks from the Qal'eh Hasan Ali maars,southeastern Iran:Petrogenesis and geodynamic implications.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,170:27
Richards J P,Spell T,Rameh E,Razique A,Fletcher T.2012.High Sr/Y magmas reflect arc maturity,high magmatic water content,and porphay Cu±Mo±Au potential:Examples from the Tethyan arcs of central and eastern Iran and Western Pakistan.Economic Geology,107(2):295-332
Rossetti F,Nasrabady M,Theye T,Gerdes A,MoniéP,Lucci F,Vignaroli G.2014.Adakite differentiation and emplacement in a subduction channel:The late Paleocene Sabzevar magmatism(NE Iran).Geological Society of America Bulletin,126(3-4):317-343
Rudnick R L,Gao S.2014.Composition of the continental crust.In:Rudnick R L(ed.).The Crust,Treatise on Geochemistry.2nd ed.Elsevier,1-51
Saadat S,Karimpour M H,Stern C.2010.Petrochemical characteristics of Neogene and Quaternary alkali olivine basalts from the western margin of the Lut block,Eastern Iran.Iranian Journal of Earth Sciences,2:87-106
Saadat S,Stern C R,Moradian A.2014.Petrochemistry of ultrapotassic tephrites and associated cognate plutonic xenoliths with carbonatite affinities from the late Quaternary Qa'le Hasan Ali maars,central I-ran.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,89:108-122
Saadat S,Stern C R.2011.Petrochemistry and genesis of olivine basalts from small monogenetic parasitic cones of Bazman stratovolcano,Makran arc,southeastern Iran.Lithos,125(1-2):607-619
Sepidbar F,Mirnejad H,Ma C Q,Moghadam H S.2018.Identification of Eocene-Oligocene magmatic pulses associated with flare-up in east Iran:Timing and sources.Gondwana Research,57:141-156
Verdel C,Wernicke B P,Hassanzadeh J,Guest B.2011.A Paleogene extensional arc flare-up in Iran.Tectonics,30(3):TC3008,doi:10.1029/2010TC002809
Yeganehfar H,Ghorbani M R,Shinjo R,Ghaderi M.2013.Magmatic and geodynamic evolution of Urumieh-Dokhtar basic volcanism,Central Iran:Major,trace element,isotopic,and geochronologic implications.International Geology Review,55(6):767-786
刘凯,厉子龙,徐维光,叶海敏,赵希林,胡逸州,周静,毛建仁.2016.华南中生代岩浆岩时空分布和迁移与古太平洋板块俯冲过程.矿物岩石地球化学通报,35(6):1141-1155
马珊珊,张旗,金维浚.2017.中新世的巨型欧亚高原:埃达克岩的证据.矿物岩石地球化学通报,36(6):920-926
王孝磊,周金城,陈昕,张凤凤,孙梓铭.2017.江南造山带的形成与演化.矿物岩石地球化学通报,36(5):714-735
Aghazadeh M,Castro A,Omran N R,Emami M H,Moinvaziri H,Badrzadeh Z.2010.The gabbro(shoshonitic)-monzonitegranodiorite association of Khankandi pluton,Alborz Mountains,NW Iran.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,38(5):199-219
Alavi M.1994.Tectonics of the Zagros orogenic belt of Iran:New data and interpretations.Tectonophysics,229(3-4):211-238
Allen M B,Armstrong H A.2008.Arabia-Eurasia collision and the forcing of mid-Cenozoic global cooling.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,265(1-2):52-58
Allen M B,Kheirkhah M,Neill I,Emami M H,Mc Leod C L.2013.Generation of arc and within-plate chemical signatures in collision zone magmatism:Quaternary lavas from Kurdistan Province,Iran.Journal of Petrology,54(5):887-911.
Berberian F,Muir I D,Pankhurst R J,Berberian M.1982.Late Cretaceous and early Miocene Andean-type plutonic activity in northern Makran and Central Iran.Journal of the Geological Society,139(5):605-614
Biabangard H,Moradian A.2008.Geology and geochemical evaluation of Taftan Volcano,Sistan and Baluchestan Province,southeast of Iran.Chinese Journal of Geochemistry,27(4):356-369
Camp V E,Griffis R J.1982.Character,genesis and tectonic setting of igneous rocks in the Sistan suture zone,eastern Iran.Lithos,15(3):221-239
Castro A,Aghazadeh M,Badrzadeh Z,Chichorro M.2013.Late Eocene-Oligocene post-collisional monzonitic intrusions from the Alborz magmatic belt,NW Iran.An example of monzonite magma generation from a metasomatized mantle source.Lithos,180-181:109-127
Chiu H Y,Chung S L,Zarrinkoub M H,Mohammadi S S,Khatib M M,Iizuka Y.2013.Zircon U-Pb age constraints from Iran on the magmatic evolution related to Neotethyan subduction and Zagros orogeny.Lithos,162-163:70-87
Delavari M,Amini S,Schmitt A K,Mc Keegan K D,Harrison T M.2014.U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of Bibi-Maryam pluton,eastern Iran:Implication for the late stage of the tectonic evolution of the Sistan Ocean.Lithos,200-201:197-211
Ghalamghash J,Mousavi S Z,Hassanzadeh J,Schmitt A K.2016.Geology,zircon geochronology,and petrogenesis of Sabalan volcano(northwestern Iran).Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,327:192-207
Hawkesworth C J,Kemp A I S.2006.Evolution of the continental crust.Nature,443(7113):811-817
Hosseini M R,Hassanzadeh J,Alirezaei S,Sun W D,Li C Y.2017.Age revision of the Neotethyan arc migration into the southeast Urumieh-Dokhtar belt of Iran:Geochemistry and U-Pb zircon geochronology.Lithos,284-285:296-309.
Irvine T N,Baragar W R A.1971.A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,8(5):523-548
Jahangiri A.2007.Post-collisional Miocene adakitic volcanism in NW I-ran:Geochemical and geodynamic implications.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,30(3-4):433-447
Jamshidi K,Ghasemi H,Troll V R,Sadeghian M,Dahren B.2015.Magma storage and plumbing of adakite-type post-ophiolite intrusions in the Sabzevar ophiolitic zone,northeast Iran.Solid Earth,6(1):49-72
Jiménez-Munt I,Fernàndez M,Saura E,Vergés J,Garcia-Castellanos D.2012.3-D lithospheric structure and regional/residual Bouguer anomalies in the Arabia-Eurasia collision(Iran).Geophysical Journal International,190(3):1311-1324
Jung D,Keller J,Khorasani R,Marcks C,Baumann A,Horn P.1983.Petrology of the Tertiary magmatic activity in the northern Lut area,east of Iran.Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Palontologie-Abhandlungen,168(2-3):417-467
Kheirkhah M,Neill I,Allen M B.2015.Petrogenesis of OIB-like basaltic volcanic rocks in a continental collision zone:Late Cenozoic magmatism of Eastern Iran.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,106:19-33
Klootwijk C.2013.Middle-Late Paleozoic Australia-Asia convergence and tectonic extrusion of Australia.Gondwana Research,24(1):5-54
Mc Quarrie N,Van Hinsbergen D J J.2013.Retrodeforming the ArabiaEurasia collision zone:Age of collision versus magnitude of continental subduction.Geology,41(3):315-318
Moghadam H S,Ghorbani G,Khedr M Z,Fazlnia N,Chiaradia M,Eyuboglu Y,Santosh M,Francisco C G,Martinez M L,Gourgaud A,Arai S.2014.Late Miocene K-rich volcanism in the Eslamieh Peninsula(Saray),NW Iran:Implications for geodynamic evolution of the Turkish-Iranian High Plateau.Gondwana Research,26(3-4):1028-1050
Moghadam H S,Li X H,Ling X X,Santos J F,Stern R J,Li Q L,Ghorbani G.2015.Eocene Kashmar granitoids(NE Iran):Petrogenetic constraints from U-Pb zircon geochronology and isotope geochemistry.Lithos,216-217:118-135
Moghadam H S,Rossetti F,Lucci F,Chiaradia M,Gerdes A,Martinez M L,Ghorbani G,Nasrabady M.2016.The calc-alkaline and adakitic volcanism of the Sabzevar structural zone(NE Iran):Implications for the Eocene magmatic flare-up in Central Iran.Lithos,248-251:517-535
Omrani J,Agard P,Whitechurch H,Benoit M,Prouteau G,Jolivet L.2008.Arc-magmatism and subduction history beneath the Zagros Mountains,Iran:A new report of adakites and geodynamic consequences.Lithos,106(3-4):380-398
Pang K N,Chung S L,Zarrinkoub M H,Chiu H Y,Li X H.2014.On the magmatic record of the Makran arc,southeastern Iran:Insights from zircon U-Pb geochronology and bulk-rock geochemistry.Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,15(6):2151-2169
Pang K N,Chung S L,Zarrinkoub M H,Khatib M M,Mohammadi S S,Chiu H Y,Chu C H,Lee H Y,Lo C H.2013a.Eocene-Oligocene post-collisional magmatism in the Lut-Sistan region,eastern Iran:Magma genesis and tectonic implications.Lithos,180-181:234-251
Pang K N,Chung S L,Zarrinkoub M H,Li X H,Lee H Y,Lin T H,Chiu H Y.2016.New age and geochemical constraints on the origin of Quaternary adakite-like lavas in the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone.Lithos,264:348-359
Pang K N,Chung S L,Zarrinkoub M H,Lin Y C,Lee H Y,Lo C H,Khatib M M.2013b.Iranian ultrapotassic volcanism at~11 Ma signifies the initiation of post-collisional magmatism in the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone.Terra Nova,25(5):405-413
Pang K N,Chung S L,Zarrinkoub M H,Mohammadi S S,Yang H M,Chu C H,Lee H Y,Lo C H.2012.Age,geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis of Late Cenozoic intraplate alkali basalts in the Lut-Sistan region,eastern Iran.Chemical Geology,306-307:40-53
Pang K N,Chung S L,Zarrinkoub M H,Wang F,Kamenetsky V S,Lee H Y.2015.Quaternary high-Mg ultrapotassic rocks from the Qal'eh Hasan Ali maars,southeastern Iran:Petrogenesis and geodynamic implications.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,170:27
Richards J P,Spell T,Rameh E,Razique A,Fletcher T.2012.High Sr/Y magmas reflect arc maturity,high magmatic water content,and porphay Cu±Mo±Au potential:Examples from the Tethyan arcs of central and eastern Iran and Western Pakistan.Economic Geology,107(2):295-332
Rossetti F,Nasrabady M,Theye T,Gerdes A,MoniéP,Lucci F,Vignaroli G.2014.Adakite differentiation and emplacement in a subduction channel:The late Paleocene Sabzevar magmatism(NE Iran).Geological Society of America Bulletin,126(3-4):317-343
Rudnick R L,Gao S.2014.Composition of the continental crust.In:Rudnick R L(ed.).The Crust,Treatise on Geochemistry.2nd ed.Elsevier,1-51
Saadat S,Karimpour M H,Stern C.2010.Petrochemical characteristics of Neogene and Quaternary alkali olivine basalts from the western margin of the Lut block,Eastern Iran.Iranian Journal of Earth Sciences,2:87-106
Saadat S,Stern C R,Moradian A.2014.Petrochemistry of ultrapotassic tephrites and associated cognate plutonic xenoliths with carbonatite affinities from the late Quaternary Qa'le Hasan Ali maars,central I-ran.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,89:108-122
Saadat S,Stern C R.2011.Petrochemistry and genesis of olivine basalts from small monogenetic parasitic cones of Bazman stratovolcano,Makran arc,southeastern Iran.Lithos,125(1-2):607-619
Sepidbar F,Mirnejad H,Ma C Q,Moghadam H S.2018.Identification of Eocene-Oligocene magmatic pulses associated with flare-up in east Iran:Timing and sources.Gondwana Research,57:141-156
Verdel C,Wernicke B P,Hassanzadeh J,Guest B.2011.A Paleogene extensional arc flare-up in Iran.Tectonics,30(3):TC3008,doi:10.1029/2010TC002809
Yeganehfar H,Ghorbani M R,Shinjo R,Ghaderi M.2013.Magmatic and geodynamic evolution of Urumieh-Dokhtar basic volcanism,Central Iran:Major,trace element,isotopic,and geochronologic implications.International Geology Review,55(6):767-786
刘凯,厉子龙,徐维光,叶海敏,赵希林,胡逸州,周静,毛建仁.2016.华南中生代岩浆岩时空分布和迁移与古太平洋板块俯冲过程.矿物岩石地球化学通报,35(6):1141-1155
马珊珊,张旗,金维浚.2017.中新世的巨型欧亚高原:埃达克岩的证据.矿物岩石地球化学通报,36(6):920-926
王孝磊,周金城,陈昕,张凤凤,孙梓铭.2017.江南造山带的形成与演化.矿物岩石地球化学通报,36(5):714-735
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