Fruits of Scirpus(Cyperaceae) from the early Miocene of Weichang,Hebei Province,North China and their palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical implications
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摘要
This paper describes the fossil fruits of Scirpus weichangensis X.Q.Liang,sp.nov.from the early Miocene of Guangyongfa Village,Weichang County,Hebei Province,North China.The fossil fruits are obovate in shape and their lateral sections are plumply trigonous.The cell walls of the surface are straight.The persistent stout bristles have downward-directed barbellae in distal 1/2.The occurrence of the fossil Scirpus indicates that Guangfayong was a wetland in the early Miocene.Based on the fossil data,the genus likely originated in Western Siberia in the Oligocene,spread during the Miocene,and was finally distributed worldwide in the Holocene.
This paper describes the fossil fruits of Scirpus weichangensis X.Q.Liang,sp.nov.from the early Miocene of Guangyongfa Village,Weichang County,Hebei Province,North China.The fossil fruits are obovate in shape and their lateral sections are plumply trigonous.The cell walls of the surface are straight.The persistent stout bristles have downward-directed barbellae in distal 1/2.The occurrence of the fossil Scirpus indicates that Guangfayong was a wetland in the early Miocene.Based on the fossil data,the genus likely originated in Western Siberia in the Oligocene,spread during the Miocene,and was finally distributed worldwide in the Holocene.
This paper describes the fossil fruits of Scirpus weichangensis X.Q.Liang,sp.nov.from the early Miocene of Guangyongfa Village,Weichang County,Hebei Province,North China.The fossil fruits are obovate in shape and their lateral sections are plumply trigonous.The cell walls of the surface are straight.The persistent stout bristles have downward-directed barbellae in distal 1/2.The occurrence of the fossil Scirpus indicates that Guangfayong was a wetland in the early Miocene.Based on the fossil data,the genus likely originated in Western Siberia in the Oligocene,spread during the Miocene,and was finally distributed worldwide in the Holocene.
引文
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Bhandari,S.,A.Momohara,and K.N.Paudayal.2009.Late Pleistocene plant macro-fossils from the Gokarna formation of the Kathmandu Valley,Central Nepal.Bulletin of the Department of Geology 12:75-88.
Dai,L.-K.,L.Song-Yun,L.Song-Jun,Z.Shu-Ren,T.Yan-Cheng,T.Koyama,G.C.Tucker,D.A.Simpson,H.J.Noltie,M.T.Strong,J.J.Bruhl,K.L.Wilson,and A.M.Muasya.2010.Cyperaceae.In Flora of China,ed.Z.-Y.Wu,P.H.Raven,and D.-Y.Hong,vol.23.Beijing,Science Press:(Acoraceae through Cyperaceae).
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Doweld,A.B.2018.New names of fossil Cyperaceae of northern Eurasia.Phytotaxa 356:131-144.
Drescher-Schneider,R.,C.Jacquat,and W.Schoch.2007.Palaeobotanical investigations at the mammoth site of Niederweningen(Kanton Zürich),Switzerland.Quaternary International 164-165:113-129.
Goetghebeur,P.1998.Cyperaceae.In The families and genera of vascular plants IVflowering plants-Monocotyledons,ed.K.Kubitzki.Berlin:Springer.
Hayasaka,E.2012.Delineation of Schoenoplectiella lye(Cyperaceae),a genus newly segregated from Schoenoplectus(Rchb.)Palla.Journal of Japanese Botany 87:169-186.
Healy,A.J.,and E.Edgar.1980.Flora of New Zealand.Vol.III.Adventive cyperaceous,Petalous and Spathaceous monocotyledons.Wellington:Government Printer.
Horrocks,M.,W.T.Baisden,J.Flenley,D.Feek,L.G.Nualart,S.Haoa-Cardinali,and T.E.Gorman.2012.Fossil plant remains at Rano Raraku,Easter Island's statue quarry:Evidence for past elevated lake level and ancient Polynesian agriculture.Journal of Paleolimnology 48:767-783.
James-West,G.1977.Late Holocene vegetation history of the Sacramento-san Joaquin Delta.California:Cultural heritage section,California Departmentof Parks and Recreation.
Li,J.,and Z.G.Xiao.1980.Introduction of Qipanshan section(K-50-16),1/200000geological map of People's Republic of China.Beijing:Geological Map Printing Plant of China(in Chinese).
Li,J.-F.,D.K.Ferguson,J.Yang,G.-P.Feng,A.G.Ablaev,Y.-F.Wang,and C.-S.Li.2009.Early Miocene vegetation and climate in Weichang District,North China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology 280:47-63.
Li,L.,C.Zhu,L.-G.Lin,Q.-H.Zhao,G.-Y.Shi,and H.-B.Zhu.2008.Transgression records between 7500-5400BC on the stratum of the Luotuodun site in Yixing,Jiangsu Province.Acta Geographica Sinica 63:1189-1197.
Liang,X.-Q.2009.The Early Miocene Flora of Weichang,Hebei,China.Ph.D.thesis,Institute of Botany.In Chinese Academy of Sciences.China:Beijing.
Liang,X.-Q.,Y.Li,Z.Kva?ek,V.Wilde,and C.-S.Li.2013.Seeds of Weigela(Caprifoliaceae)from the Early Miocene of Weichang,China and the biogeographical history of the genus.Taxon 62:1009-1018.
Liang,X.-Q.,P.Lu,A.Tiwari,T.Su,and Z.-K.Zhou.2017.New fossil record of Cladium(Cyperaceae)from the middle Miocene of Zhenyuan,SW China,and the palaeobiogeographical history of the genus.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 237:1-9.
Liang,X.Q.,V.Wilde,D.K.Ferguson,Z.Kva?ek,A.G.Ablaev,Y.F.Wang,and C.S.Li.2010.Comptonia naumannii(Myricaceae)from the early Miocene of Weichang,China,and the palaeobiogeographical implication of the genus.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 163:52-63.
Matthews,J.V.,and L.E.Ovenden.1990.Late tertiary plant macrofossils from localities in Arctic/subarctic North America:A review of the data.Arctic 43:364-392.
Nikitin,V.P.2006.Paleocarpology and stratigraphy of the Paleogene and Neogene strata in Asian Russia.Novosibirsk:Academic publishing house.
Oh,Y.C.,and E.J.Ham.1998.A taxonomic study on Scirpus Linn.(Cyperaceae)of Korea.Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 28:217-247.
Pierce,L.S.,and B.H.Tiffney.1986.Holocene fruit,seed and leaf flora from riverine sediments near New Haven,Connecticut.Rhodora 88:229-252.
Pignotti,L.,and L.M.Mariotti.2004.Micromorphology of Scirpus(Cyperaceae)and related genera in South-West Europe.Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 145:45-58.
Spalink,D.,B.T.Drew,M.C.Pace,J.G.Zaborsky,J.R.Starr,K.M.Cameron,T.J.Givnish,and K.J.Sytsma.2016.Biogeography of the cosmopolitan sedges(Cyperaceae)and the area-richness correlation in plants.Journal of Biogeography 43:1893-1904.
Stachowicz-Rybka,R.2005.Reconstruction of climate and environment in the Augustovian interglacial on the basis of select plant macrofossil taxa.Polish Geological Institute Special Papers 16:127-132.
Stachowicz-Rybka,R.2015.Record of environmental and climatic changes in middle Pleistocene sediments from?uków(eastern Poland)on the basis of plant macroremains analysis.Acta Palaeobotanica 55:68-93.
Strickland,L.E.,R.G.Baker,R.S.Thompson,and D.M.Miller.2014.Last interglacial plant macrofossils and climates from Ziegler reservoir,Snowmass Village,Colorado,USA.Quaternary Research 82:553-566.
Wellman,C.H.,and L.Axe.1999.Extracting plant Mesofossils and Megafossils by bulk acid maceration.In Fossil plants and spores:modern techniques,ed.T.P.Jones and N.P.Rowe,11-14.London:Geological Society of London.
Whittemore,A.T.,and A.E.Schuyler.2002.Scirpus Linnaeus.In:Committee,F.o.N.A.E.(Ed.).Flora of North America Vol.23:Magnoliophyta:Commelinidae(in part):Cyperaceae.New York:Oxford University Press,pp.8-21.
Wilson,K.L.1994.Cyperaceae.In Flora of Victoria Vol.2,ferns and allied plants,conifers and monocotyledons,ed.N.G.Walsh and T.J.Entwisle.Melbourne:Inkata Press.
Yamakawa,C.,A.Momohara,T.Nunotani,M.Matsumoto,and W.Yasuyuki.2008.Paleovegetation reconstruction of fossil forests dominated by Metasequoia and Glyptostrobus from the late Pliocene Kobiwako group,Central Japan.Paleontological Research 12:167-180.
Yu,Z.-C.2003.Late Quaternary dynamics of tundra and forest vegetation in the southern Niagara escarpment,Canada.New Phytologist 157:365-390.
Bhandari,S.,A.Momohara,and K.N.Paudayal.2009.Late Pleistocene plant macro-fossils from the Gokarna formation of the Kathmandu Valley,Central Nepal.Bulletin of the Department of Geology 12:75-88.
Dai,L.-K.,L.Song-Yun,L.Song-Jun,Z.Shu-Ren,T.Yan-Cheng,T.Koyama,G.C.Tucker,D.A.Simpson,H.J.Noltie,M.T.Strong,J.J.Bruhl,K.L.Wilson,and A.M.Muasya.2010.Cyperaceae.In Flora of China,ed.Z.-Y.Wu,P.H.Raven,and D.-Y.Hong,vol.23.Beijing,Science Press:(Acoraceae through Cyperaceae).
Dorofeev,P.I.1963.The Tertiary floras of Western Siberia.Leningrad:Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR.
Doweld,A.B.2018.New names of fossil Cyperaceae of northern Eurasia.Phytotaxa 356:131-144.
Drescher-Schneider,R.,C.Jacquat,and W.Schoch.2007.Palaeobotanical investigations at the mammoth site of Niederweningen(Kanton Zürich),Switzerland.Quaternary International 164-165:113-129.
Goetghebeur,P.1998.Cyperaceae.In The families and genera of vascular plants IVflowering plants-Monocotyledons,ed.K.Kubitzki.Berlin:Springer.
Hayasaka,E.2012.Delineation of Schoenoplectiella lye(Cyperaceae),a genus newly segregated from Schoenoplectus(Rchb.)Palla.Journal of Japanese Botany 87:169-186.
Healy,A.J.,and E.Edgar.1980.Flora of New Zealand.Vol.III.Adventive cyperaceous,Petalous and Spathaceous monocotyledons.Wellington:Government Printer.
Horrocks,M.,W.T.Baisden,J.Flenley,D.Feek,L.G.Nualart,S.Haoa-Cardinali,and T.E.Gorman.2012.Fossil plant remains at Rano Raraku,Easter Island's statue quarry:Evidence for past elevated lake level and ancient Polynesian agriculture.Journal of Paleolimnology 48:767-783.
James-West,G.1977.Late Holocene vegetation history of the Sacramento-san Joaquin Delta.California:Cultural heritage section,California Departmentof Parks and Recreation.
Li,J.,and Z.G.Xiao.1980.Introduction of Qipanshan section(K-50-16),1/200000geological map of People's Republic of China.Beijing:Geological Map Printing Plant of China(in Chinese).
Li,J.-F.,D.K.Ferguson,J.Yang,G.-P.Feng,A.G.Ablaev,Y.-F.Wang,and C.-S.Li.2009.Early Miocene vegetation and climate in Weichang District,North China.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology 280:47-63.
Li,L.,C.Zhu,L.-G.Lin,Q.-H.Zhao,G.-Y.Shi,and H.-B.Zhu.2008.Transgression records between 7500-5400BC on the stratum of the Luotuodun site in Yixing,Jiangsu Province.Acta Geographica Sinica 63:1189-1197.
Liang,X.-Q.2009.The Early Miocene Flora of Weichang,Hebei,China.Ph.D.thesis,Institute of Botany.In Chinese Academy of Sciences.China:Beijing.
Liang,X.-Q.,Y.Li,Z.Kva?ek,V.Wilde,and C.-S.Li.2013.Seeds of Weigela(Caprifoliaceae)from the Early Miocene of Weichang,China and the biogeographical history of the genus.Taxon 62:1009-1018.
Liang,X.-Q.,P.Lu,A.Tiwari,T.Su,and Z.-K.Zhou.2017.New fossil record of Cladium(Cyperaceae)from the middle Miocene of Zhenyuan,SW China,and the palaeobiogeographical history of the genus.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 237:1-9.
Liang,X.Q.,V.Wilde,D.K.Ferguson,Z.Kva?ek,A.G.Ablaev,Y.F.Wang,and C.S.Li.2010.Comptonia naumannii(Myricaceae)from the early Miocene of Weichang,China,and the palaeobiogeographical implication of the genus.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 163:52-63.
Matthews,J.V.,and L.E.Ovenden.1990.Late tertiary plant macrofossils from localities in Arctic/subarctic North America:A review of the data.Arctic 43:364-392.
Nikitin,V.P.2006.Paleocarpology and stratigraphy of the Paleogene and Neogene strata in Asian Russia.Novosibirsk:Academic publishing house.
Oh,Y.C.,and E.J.Ham.1998.A taxonomic study on Scirpus Linn.(Cyperaceae)of Korea.Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 28:217-247.
Pierce,L.S.,and B.H.Tiffney.1986.Holocene fruit,seed and leaf flora from riverine sediments near New Haven,Connecticut.Rhodora 88:229-252.
Pignotti,L.,and L.M.Mariotti.2004.Micromorphology of Scirpus(Cyperaceae)and related genera in South-West Europe.Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 145:45-58.
Spalink,D.,B.T.Drew,M.C.Pace,J.G.Zaborsky,J.R.Starr,K.M.Cameron,T.J.Givnish,and K.J.Sytsma.2016.Biogeography of the cosmopolitan sedges(Cyperaceae)and the area-richness correlation in plants.Journal of Biogeography 43:1893-1904.
Stachowicz-Rybka,R.2005.Reconstruction of climate and environment in the Augustovian interglacial on the basis of select plant macrofossil taxa.Polish Geological Institute Special Papers 16:127-132.
Stachowicz-Rybka,R.2015.Record of environmental and climatic changes in middle Pleistocene sediments from?uków(eastern Poland)on the basis of plant macroremains analysis.Acta Palaeobotanica 55:68-93.
Strickland,L.E.,R.G.Baker,R.S.Thompson,and D.M.Miller.2014.Last interglacial plant macrofossils and climates from Ziegler reservoir,Snowmass Village,Colorado,USA.Quaternary Research 82:553-566.
Wellman,C.H.,and L.Axe.1999.Extracting plant Mesofossils and Megafossils by bulk acid maceration.In Fossil plants and spores:modern techniques,ed.T.P.Jones and N.P.Rowe,11-14.London:Geological Society of London.
Whittemore,A.T.,and A.E.Schuyler.2002.Scirpus Linnaeus.In:Committee,F.o.N.A.E.(Ed.).Flora of North America Vol.23:Magnoliophyta:Commelinidae(in part):Cyperaceae.New York:Oxford University Press,pp.8-21.
Wilson,K.L.1994.Cyperaceae.In Flora of Victoria Vol.2,ferns and allied plants,conifers and monocotyledons,ed.N.G.Walsh and T.J.Entwisle.Melbourne:Inkata Press.
Yamakawa,C.,A.Momohara,T.Nunotani,M.Matsumoto,and W.Yasuyuki.2008.Paleovegetation reconstruction of fossil forests dominated by Metasequoia and Glyptostrobus from the late Pliocene Kobiwako group,Central Japan.Paleontological Research 12:167-180.
Yu,Z.-C.2003.Late Quaternary dynamics of tundra and forest vegetation in the southern Niagara escarpment,Canada.New Phytologist 157:365-390.
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