Microstructure and properties of W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe heavy alloy with Dy_2O_3 addition
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摘要
The W-4.9 Ni-2.1 Fe-xDy_2 O_3 heavy alloy was fabricated by high-energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering(SPS)technique,and the microstructure,mechanical and friction behavior and anti-corrosion ability were investigated by scanning electron microscope(SEM),Rockwell hardness tester,X-ray diffraction(XRD),reciprocating friction and wear tester,electrochemical station,etc.The results show that the trace Dy_2 O_3 particles,which mainly distributes in the W-M(tungsten-matrix)interface and the tungsten matrix phase,can dramatically decrease the tungsten grain size and the amount of O and P impurities aggregating in the interface,promote the γ-(Ni,Fe)bonding phase and tungsten particles uniform distribution,and increase the relative density,hardness,and wear and corrosion resistance properties.But the excessive Dy_2 O_3 addition can make the inhibition effect weaken,resulting in the decrease in the comprehensive performances of the alloy.So,the amount of Dy_2 O_3 should be appropriate.When the adding amount of Dy_2 O_3 particles is 0.7 wt%,the comprehensive performances of the heavy alloy are the best.
The W-4.9 Ni-2.1 Fe-xDy_2 O_3 heavy alloy was fabricated by high-energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering(SPS)technique,and the microstructure,mechanical and friction behavior and anti-corrosion ability were investigated by scanning electron microscope(SEM),Rockwell hardness tester,X-ray diffraction(XRD),reciprocating friction and wear tester,electrochemical station,etc.The results show that the trace Dy_2 O_3 particles,which mainly distributes in the W-M(tungsten-matrix)interface and the tungsten matrix phase,can dramatically decrease the tungsten grain size and the amount of O and P impurities aggregating in the interface,promote the γ-(Ni,Fe)bonding phase and tungsten particles uniform distribution,and increase the relative density,hardness,and wear and corrosion resistance properties.But the excessive Dy_2 O_3 addition can make the inhibition effect weaken,resulting in the decrease in the comprehensive performances of the alloy.So,the amount of Dy_2 O_3 should be appropriate.When the adding amount of Dy_2 O_3 particles is 0.7 wt%,the comprehensive performances of the heavy alloy are the best.
The W-4.9 Ni-2.1 Fe-xDy_2 O_3 heavy alloy was fabricated by high-energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering(SPS)technique,and the microstructure,mechanical and friction behavior and anti-corrosion ability were investigated by scanning electron microscope(SEM),Rockwell hardness tester,X-ray diffraction(XRD),reciprocating friction and wear tester,electrochemical station,etc.The results show that the trace Dy_2 O_3 particles,which mainly distributes in the W-M(tungsten-matrix)interface and the tungsten matrix phase,can dramatically decrease the tungsten grain size and the amount of O and P impurities aggregating in the interface,promote the γ-(Ni,Fe)bonding phase and tungsten particles uniform distribution,and increase the relative density,hardness,and wear and corrosion resistance properties.But the excessive Dy_2 O_3 addition can make the inhibition effect weaken,resulting in the decrease in the comprehensive performances of the alloy.So,the amount of Dy_2 O_3 should be appropriate.When the adding amount of Dy_2 O_3 particles is 0.7 wt%,the comprehensive performances of the heavy alloy are the best.
引文
[1]Senthilnathan N,Annamalai AR,Venkatachalam G.Sintering of tungsten and tungsten heavy alloys of W-Ni-Fe and W-Ni-Cu:a review.Trans Indian Inst Met.2017;70(5):1161.
[2]Wu Z,Zhang Y,Yang CM,Liu QJ.Mechanical properties of tungsten heavy alloy and damage behaviors after hypervelocity impact.Rare Met.2014;3 3(4):414.
[3]Senthilnathan N,Annamalai AR,Venkatachalam G.Microstructure and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered tungsten heavy alloys.Mater Sci Eng A.2018;710:66.
[4]Lu WR,Gao CY,Ke YL.Constitutive modeling of two-phase metallic composites with application to tungsten-based composite 93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe.Metal Mater Trans A.2014;592:136.
[5]Xiang DP,Ding L,Li YY.Fabrication fine-grained tungsten heavy alloy by spark plasma sintering of low-energy ball-milled W-2Mo-7Ni-3Fe powders.Metal Mater Trans A.2013;578:18.
[6]Khalid FA,Bhatti MR.Microstructure and properties of sintered tungsten heavy alloys.J Mater Eng Perform.1999;8(1):46.
[7]Upadhyaya A.Processing strategy for consolidating tungsten heavy alloys for ordnance applications.Mater Chem Phys.2001;67:101.
[8]Chaurasia JK,Jitender K,Muthuchamy A,Patel PN,Annamalai AR.Densification of SiC particle reinforced W-Ni-Fe heavy alloy composites through conventional and spark plasma sintering.Trans Indian Inst Met.2017;70(8):2185.
[9]Liu HY,Cao SH.Densification,microstructure and mechanical properties of 90W-4Ni-6Mn heavy alloy.Int J Refract Met Hard Mater.2013;37:121.
[10]Fan JL,Huang BY,Xiao LP,Kear BH.Sintering behavior of nanostructured W based composite powder.Int J Powder Metall.2005;41:49.
[11]Li XQ,Hu K,Qu SG,Li L,Yang C.93W-5.6Ni-1.4Fe heavy alloys with enhanced performance prepared by cyclic spark plasma sintering.Mater Sci Eng A.2014;599:233.
[12]Tanabe T,Wada M,Ohgo T,Philipps V.The TEXTOR team,application of tungsten for plasma limiters in TEXTOR.J Nucl Mater.2000;283/287:1128.
[13]Song GM,Wang YJ,Zhou Y.Thermomechanical properties of TiC particle-reinforced tungsten composites for high temperature applications.Int J Refract Met Hard Mater.2003;21:1.
[14]Mabuchi M,Okamoto K,Satio N.Tensile properties at elevated temperature of W-1%La_2O_3.Mater Sci Eng A.1996;214:174.
[15]Ryu HJ,Hong SH.Fabrication and properties of mechanically alloyed oxide-dispersed tungsten heavy alloys.Mater Sci Eng A.2003;363:179.
[16]Wang RX,Guo ZM,Luo J,Ye Q,Yang F.Preparation and properties of dispersion strengthening W-Ni-Fe heavy alloy.Rare Met.2017;41(1):20.
[17]Kim Y,Lee S,Kim EP,Noh JW.Effects of ThO_2 on the solid-state sintering behavior of W-Ni-Fe alloy.Int J Refract Met Hard Mater.2011;29(1):112.
[18]Mueller AJ,Bianco R,Buckman RW.Evaluation of oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS)molybdenum and molybdenum-rhenium alloys.Int J Refract Met Hard Mater.2000;18:205.
[19]Zhao MY,Zhou ZJ,Ding QM,Zhong M,Arshad K.Effect of rare earth elements on the consolidation behavior and microstructure of tungsten alloys.Int J Refract Met Hard Mater.2014;48:19.
[20]Patra A,Sahoo RR,Karak SK,Sahoo SK.Effect of nano Y_2O_3dispersion on thermal,microstructure,mechanical and high temperature oxidation behavior of mechanically alloyed WNi-Mo-Ti.Int J Refract Met Hard Mater.2018;70:134.
[21]Pan YL,Ding L,Li H,Xiang DP.Effects of Y_2O_3 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered fine-grained W-Ni-Mn alloy.J Rare Earth.2017;35(11):1149.
[22]Fan JL,Gong X,Huang BY,Song M,Liu T,Qi MG,Tian JM;Li SK.Dynamic failure and adiabatic shear bands in fine-grain93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe alloy with Y_2O_3 addition under lowerhigh-strain-rate(HSR)compression.Mech Mater.2010;42(1):24.
[23]Zhang XH,Zhou LL,Li XX,Zhang CZ.Effect of Y203 on friction and wear behavior of W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe alloy.J Mater Eng.2017;45(11):115.
[24]Yari S,Dchghanian C.Deposition and characterization of nanocrystalline and amorphous Ni-W coatings with embedded alumina nanoparticles.Ceram Int.2013;39:7759.
[25]Fan JL,Liu T,Cheng HC,Wang DL.Preparation of fine grain tungsten heavy alloy with high properties by mechanical alloying and yttrium oxide addition.J Mater Process Techonol.2008;208:463.
[26]Li J,Ngam JW,Xu J,Shan D,Guo B,Langdon TG.Wear resistance of an ultraline-g.rained Cu-Zr alloy processed byequal-channel angular pressing.Wear.2015;10-19(326-327):10.
[27] El Aal MIA,Kim HS.Wear properties of high pressure torsion processed ultrafine grained Al-7%Si alloy.Mater Des.2014;53:373.
[28]Yamanoglu R,Karakulak E,Zeren A,Zeren M.Effect of heat treatment on the tribological properties of Al-Cu-Mg/nano SiC composites.Mater Des.2013;49:820.
[29]Yi F,He Y,Luo PY,Shi TH,Xi C.Pulse current electrodeposition and properties of Ni-W-GO composite coatings.J Electrochem Soc.2016;163(3):68.
[30]Wu GC,Yang JM,Wang DW.Effect of La doping on impurity segregation and fracture behavior of tungsten-based heavy-alloy composites.J Adv Mater.2007;2:47.
[2]Wu Z,Zhang Y,Yang CM,Liu QJ.Mechanical properties of tungsten heavy alloy and damage behaviors after hypervelocity impact.Rare Met.2014;3 3(4):414.
[3]Senthilnathan N,Annamalai AR,Venkatachalam G.Microstructure and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered tungsten heavy alloys.Mater Sci Eng A.2018;710:66.
[4]Lu WR,Gao CY,Ke YL.Constitutive modeling of two-phase metallic composites with application to tungsten-based composite 93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe.Metal Mater Trans A.2014;592:136.
[5]Xiang DP,Ding L,Li YY.Fabrication fine-grained tungsten heavy alloy by spark plasma sintering of low-energy ball-milled W-2Mo-7Ni-3Fe powders.Metal Mater Trans A.2013;578:18.
[6]Khalid FA,Bhatti MR.Microstructure and properties of sintered tungsten heavy alloys.J Mater Eng Perform.1999;8(1):46.
[7]Upadhyaya A.Processing strategy for consolidating tungsten heavy alloys for ordnance applications.Mater Chem Phys.2001;67:101.
[8]Chaurasia JK,Jitender K,Muthuchamy A,Patel PN,Annamalai AR.Densification of SiC particle reinforced W-Ni-Fe heavy alloy composites through conventional and spark plasma sintering.Trans Indian Inst Met.2017;70(8):2185.
[9]Liu HY,Cao SH.Densification,microstructure and mechanical properties of 90W-4Ni-6Mn heavy alloy.Int J Refract Met Hard Mater.2013;37:121.
[10]Fan JL,Huang BY,Xiao LP,Kear BH.Sintering behavior of nanostructured W based composite powder.Int J Powder Metall.2005;41:49.
[11]Li XQ,Hu K,Qu SG,Li L,Yang C.93W-5.6Ni-1.4Fe heavy alloys with enhanced performance prepared by cyclic spark plasma sintering.Mater Sci Eng A.2014;599:233.
[12]Tanabe T,Wada M,Ohgo T,Philipps V.The TEXTOR team,application of tungsten for plasma limiters in TEXTOR.J Nucl Mater.2000;283/287:1128.
[13]Song GM,Wang YJ,Zhou Y.Thermomechanical properties of TiC particle-reinforced tungsten composites for high temperature applications.Int J Refract Met Hard Mater.2003;21:1.
[14]Mabuchi M,Okamoto K,Satio N.Tensile properties at elevated temperature of W-1%La_2O_3.Mater Sci Eng A.1996;214:174.
[15]Ryu HJ,Hong SH.Fabrication and properties of mechanically alloyed oxide-dispersed tungsten heavy alloys.Mater Sci Eng A.2003;363:179.
[16]Wang RX,Guo ZM,Luo J,Ye Q,Yang F.Preparation and properties of dispersion strengthening W-Ni-Fe heavy alloy.Rare Met.2017;41(1):20.
[17]Kim Y,Lee S,Kim EP,Noh JW.Effects of ThO_2 on the solid-state sintering behavior of W-Ni-Fe alloy.Int J Refract Met Hard Mater.2011;29(1):112.
[18]Mueller AJ,Bianco R,Buckman RW.Evaluation of oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS)molybdenum and molybdenum-rhenium alloys.Int J Refract Met Hard Mater.2000;18:205.
[19]Zhao MY,Zhou ZJ,Ding QM,Zhong M,Arshad K.Effect of rare earth elements on the consolidation behavior and microstructure of tungsten alloys.Int J Refract Met Hard Mater.2014;48:19.
[20]Patra A,Sahoo RR,Karak SK,Sahoo SK.Effect of nano Y_2O_3dispersion on thermal,microstructure,mechanical and high temperature oxidation behavior of mechanically alloyed WNi-Mo-Ti.Int J Refract Met Hard Mater.2018;70:134.
[21]Pan YL,Ding L,Li H,Xiang DP.Effects of Y_2O_3 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered fine-grained W-Ni-Mn alloy.J Rare Earth.2017;35(11):1149.
[22]Fan JL,Gong X,Huang BY,Song M,Liu T,Qi MG,Tian JM;Li SK.Dynamic failure and adiabatic shear bands in fine-grain93W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe alloy with Y_2O_3 addition under lowerhigh-strain-rate(HSR)compression.Mech Mater.2010;42(1):24.
[23]Zhang XH,Zhou LL,Li XX,Zhang CZ.Effect of Y203 on friction and wear behavior of W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe alloy.J Mater Eng.2017;45(11):115.
[24]Yari S,Dchghanian C.Deposition and characterization of nanocrystalline and amorphous Ni-W coatings with embedded alumina nanoparticles.Ceram Int.2013;39:7759.
[25]Fan JL,Liu T,Cheng HC,Wang DL.Preparation of fine grain tungsten heavy alloy with high properties by mechanical alloying and yttrium oxide addition.J Mater Process Techonol.2008;208:463.
[26]Li J,Ngam JW,Xu J,Shan D,Guo B,Langdon TG.Wear resistance of an ultraline-g.rained Cu-Zr alloy processed byequal-channel angular pressing.Wear.2015;10-19(326-327):10.
[27] El Aal MIA,Kim HS.Wear properties of high pressure torsion processed ultrafine grained Al-7%Si alloy.Mater Des.2014;53:373.
[28]Yamanoglu R,Karakulak E,Zeren A,Zeren M.Effect of heat treatment on the tribological properties of Al-Cu-Mg/nano SiC composites.Mater Des.2013;49:820.
[29]Yi F,He Y,Luo PY,Shi TH,Xi C.Pulse current electrodeposition and properties of Ni-W-GO composite coatings.J Electrochem Soc.2016;163(3):68.
[30]Wu GC,Yang JM,Wang DW.Effect of La doping on impurity segregation and fracture behavior of tungsten-based heavy-alloy composites.J Adv Mater.2007;2:47.
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