珠江口盆地西部新近纪高分辨率生物地层及海平面变化分析
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摘要
珠江口盆地西部新近系主要为陆架浅海沉积环境,发育良好的海相砂岩储集层和多套储盖组合。因此,对这些砂体的成因及赋存位置的海平面变化研究至关重要。在有孔虫及钙质超微化石资料所建立的珠江口盆地西部新生代年代地层格架基础上,以有孔虫个体大于0.25mm的浮游有孔虫丰度和百分含量为依据,参照微体古生物化石带、岩性、电测和地震资料,总结出三级旋回边界和最大海泛面识别标志,从而提出具有国际对比意义的三级层序划分对比方案,对盆地内18口井进行了层序划分,识别出了2个完整的二级层序和15个三级层序。根据南海海域表层沉积物建立起的浮游有孔虫含量与水深的定量关系,得出量化古水深数据,辅以古生态成因相及特征沉积构造分析、海岸上超分析编制了海平面变化曲线,指出珠江口盆地西部新近系受拗陷阶段持续沉降影响,形成不同于海退型全球海平面变化的台阶式海侵特征。
The Neogene in the Western Pearl River Mouth Basin is dominated by neritic shelf sediments, in which favorable marine sand reservoirs and multi-sets of reservoir-cap combinations are discovered. Therefore, it is the key to study the sea-level changes which control the origin and position of sand bodies. In order to understand the sea level changes, a chronostratigraphic framework of the western Pearl River Mouth Basin has been set up based on the abundance and percentage of foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils(>0.25 mm) combined with bio-events and age data, lithological data, logging data and seismic data. Single well analysis of sequence stratigraphy is carried out for the data from eighteen wells. Two 2 nd-order sequences and 15 3 rd-order sequences are identified. The sea-level change curve was then established in cooperation with the study of the ancient ecological facies and depositional structures as well as the on-lap relationship, recognized on the reflection seismic profile. Paleo-water depth was quantified through comparison of the fossil foraminifera to present species in the western South China Sea, for which the living conditions are known. The Neogene in the western part of the Pearl River Mouth Basin is affected by the continuous subsidence during the depression stage and a stepped transgression sequence is formed, different from the sequences formed in global regressive stages.
The Neogene in the Western Pearl River Mouth Basin is dominated by neritic shelf sediments, in which favorable marine sand reservoirs and multi-sets of reservoir-cap combinations are discovered. Therefore, it is the key to study the sea-level changes which control the origin and position of sand bodies. In order to understand the sea level changes, a chronostratigraphic framework of the western Pearl River Mouth Basin has been set up based on the abundance and percentage of foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils(>0.25 mm) combined with bio-events and age data, lithological data, logging data and seismic data. Single well analysis of sequence stratigraphy is carried out for the data from eighteen wells. Two 2 nd-order sequences and 15 3 rd-order sequences are identified. The sea-level change curve was then established in cooperation with the study of the ancient ecological facies and depositional structures as well as the on-lap relationship, recognized on the reflection seismic profile. Paleo-water depth was quantified through comparison of the fossil foraminifera to present species in the western South China Sea, for which the living conditions are known. The Neogene in the western part of the Pearl River Mouth Basin is affected by the continuous subsidence during the depression stage and a stepped transgression sequence is formed, different from the sequences formed in global regressive stages.
引文
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[20] 杨玉卿,田洪,姜亮.丽水凹陷晚古新世海平面变化及有利储层分布预测[J].中国海上油气(地质),2003,17(1):69-73.[YANG Yuqing,TIANn Hong,JIANG Liang.Late Paleocene sea level change and prediction of favorable reservoir distribution in Lishui Depression[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology) ,2003,17(1):69-73.]
[21] 武法东,李思田,陆永潮等.东海陆架盆地第三纪海平面变化[J].地质科学,1998,33(2):214-221.[WU Fadong,LI Sitian,LU Yongchao,et.Tertiary sea level changes in the East China Sea shelf basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,1998,33(2):214-221.]
[22] 郝诒纯,陈平富,万晓樵.南海北部莺歌海-琼东南盆地晚第三纪层序地层与海平面变化[J].现代地质,2000,14(3):237-245.[HAO Yichun,CHEN Pingfu,WAN Xiaoqiao.Late Tertiary sequence stratigraphy and sea level changes in Yinggehai-Qiongdongnan Basin,Northern South China Sea[J].Geoscience,2000,14(3):237-245.]
[23] Berger W H and D iester-HaassL.Paleoproductivity:the benthic planktonic ratio in foraminifera as a productivity index[J].Mar.Geol.,1988,81:15-25.
[24] Sahaglan D L,Holland S M.Eustatic sea-level curve based on stable frame of Reference:preliminary results[J].Geology,1991,19:1209-1212.
[25] 赵泉鸿,翦知湣,王吉良.南海北部晚新生代氧同位素地层学[J].中国科学D辑,2001,31((10):800-507.[ZHAO Quanhong,JIAN Zhimin,WANG Jiliang.Late Cenozoic Oxygen isotope stratigraphy in northern South China Sea[J].Science in China(Series D),2001,31(10):800-507.]
[26] 李保华,王晓燕,龙江平.海南岛近岸沉积物中的有孔虫特征与分布[J].微体古生物学报,2008,25(3):225-234.[LI Baohua,WANG Xiaoyan,LONG Jiangping.Characteristics and distribution of foraminifera in coastal sediments of Hainan Island[J].Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,2008,25(3):225-234.]
[27] 谢金有,祝幼华,李绪深.南海北部大陆架莺琼盆地新生代海平面变化[J].海相油气地质,2012,17(1):49-58.[XIE Jinyou,ZHU Youhua,LI Xushen.Cenozoic sea level changes in Yingqiong Basin on the northern continental shelf of the South China Sea[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2012,17(1):49-58.]
[28] Bolli H M,Saunders J B.Oligocene to Holocene low Latitude planknic foraminifera[M]// In:Bolli H M,et al.(eds).Planktonic stratigraphy,Combridge University Press,1985:155-262.
[29] 刘新宇,谢金有.南海北部莺琼盆地浮游有孔虫年代地层学研究[J].微体古生物学报,2009,26(2):181-192.[LIU Xinyu,XIE Jinyou.Chronological stratigraphy of planktonic foraminifera in Yingqiong Basin,northern South China Sea[J].Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,2009,26(2):181-192.]
[30] Okada H,Bukry D.Supplementary modification and introduction of code numbers to the low latitude coccolith biostigrphic zonation[J].Marine Micropaleontology,1980,5(3):321-325.
[31] 李珊珊,彭松,邓勇,等.珠江口盆地西部渐新世以来钙质超微化石年代地层研究[J].微体古生物学报,2015,32(3):308-316.[LI Shanshan,PENG Song,DENG Yong,et al.Chronological stratigraphy of calcareous nannofossils since Oligocene in Western Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,2015,32(3):308-316.]
[32] 傅宁,米立军,张功成.珠江口盆地白云凹陷烃源岩及北部油气成因[J].石油学报,2007,28(3):32-38.[FU Ning,MI Lijun,ZHANG Gongcheng.Source rocks and petroleum genesis in the north of Baiyun Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(3):32-38.]
[2] Vail P R,Audemard F et al.The statigraphic signature of tectonics,eustasy and sedimentology-an overview[C]// Einsele G,Ricken W and Seilacher A.Cycles and Events in stratigraphy.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1991:671-659.
[3] 段威武,黄永样.南海北部陆缘中、晚第三纪古地理、古环境研究[J].地质学报,1989,16(4):363-372.[DUAN Weiwu,HUANG Yongxiang.Palaeogeography and palaeoenvironments of Middle and Late Tertiary in the northern continental margin of the South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,1989,16(4):363-372.]
[4] 曾鼎乾.南海北部大陆架第三系[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1981.[ZENG Dingqian.Tertiary of the Continental Shelf in the Northern South China Sea[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Publishing House,1981.]
[5] 秦国权.珠江口盆地新生代晚期层序地层划分和海平面变化[J].中国海上油气(地质),2002,16(1):1-10.[QIN Guoquan.Late Cenozoic sequence stratigraphy and sea-level changes in Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology) ,2002,16(1):1-10.]
[6] 陈中强,钟石兰,杨少坤.微古生物在高分辨层序地层学中的应用-以珠江口盆地惠州凹陷层序地层分析为例[J].微体古生物学报,1998,15(2):134-143.[CHEN Zhongqiang,ZHONG Shilan,YANG Shaokun.Application of micropaleontology in high resolution sequence stratigraphy:A case study of sequence stratigraphy in Huizhou Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,1998,15(2):134-143.]
[7] Kennett J P.Miocene to early Pliocene oxygen and carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Southwest Pacific,DSDP Leg 90[R]//In:Kennett J P,et al.Init Rep DSDP,V90(pt.2),1986:1383-1411.
[8] Wright J D,Miller N G.Miocene stable isotope stratigraphy,Site 747,Kerguelen Plateau[C]// In:Wise S W,et al.Proc ODP Sci Res,1992,120:855-866.
[9] Chaisson W P,Leckie R M.High-resolution neogene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy of site 806,ontong java plateau (western equatorial pacific) [C]// In:Berger W H,Kroenke L W,Mayer L A,et al.Proc.ODP,SCI.Results,College Station,TX (Ocean Drilling Program),1993,130:137-178.
[10] Pearson P N,Chaisson W P,Late Paleocene to middle Miocene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy of the Ceara Rise[C]// In:Shackleton N J,Curry W B,Richter C,et al.(Eds.),Proc.ODP,Sci.Results,154:College Station,TX (Ocean Drilling Program),1997:33-68.
[11] 李学杰,陈芳,陈超云.南海西部浮游有孔虫含量与水深关系定量研究[J].古地理学报,2004,6(4):442-447.[LI Xuejie,ChEN Fang,CHEN Chaoyun.Quantitative study on the relationship between planktonic foraminifera content and water depth in the western South China Sea[J].Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),2004,6(4):442-447.]
[12] Blow W H.The Cainozoic Globigerinida[M].Brill Leiden,1979.
[13] Martini E.Standard Tertiary and Quaternary calcareous nannoplankton zonation[C]//Farinacci A,eds.Proceedings of the II planktonic conference,Roma,1970 Roma:Teknoscienza 1971:739-785.
[14] 李前裕,郑范,刘传联.渐新世/中新世分界的地层学事件[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2007,27(5):57-64.[LI Qianyu,ZHENG Fan,LIU Chuanlian.Stratigraphic events of the Oligocene/Miocene boundary[J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2007,27(5):57-64.]
[15] 李前裕,Lucas Lourens,汪品先.新近纪海相生物地层事件年龄新编[J].地层学杂志,2007,31(3):197-208.[LI Qianyu,Lucas Lourens,WANG Pinxian.New age of Neogene marine biostratigaphic events[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2007,31(3):197-208.]
[16] Berggren W A,Hilgen F J,Langereis C G,et al.Late Neogene chronology:new perspectives in high-resolution stratigraphy[J].Geol.Soc.Am.Bull.,1995:107:1272-1287.
[17] Berggren W A,Kent D V,Swisher C C,et al.A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy[M]//In:Berggren W A,Kent D V,Aubry M P,et al.(Eds).Geochronology,Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation.Spec.Publ.-Soc.Econ.Paleontol.Mineral.(Soc.Sediment.Geol.),1995:54:129-212.
[18] Chaisson W P,Pearson P N.Planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy at Site 925:middle Miocene-Pleistocene[C]//In:Shackleton N J,Curry W B,Richter C,et al.(Eds.).Proc.ODP,Sci.Results,College Station,TX (Ocean Drilling Program),1997,154:3-31.
[19] Curry W B,Shackleton N J,Richter C,et al.Proceedings of the ODP,Initial Reports,vol.154[R].Ocean Drilling Program,College Station,TX.1995.
[20] 杨玉卿,田洪,姜亮.丽水凹陷晚古新世海平面变化及有利储层分布预测[J].中国海上油气(地质),2003,17(1):69-73.[YANG Yuqing,TIANn Hong,JIANG Liang.Late Paleocene sea level change and prediction of favorable reservoir distribution in Lishui Depression[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology) ,2003,17(1):69-73.]
[21] 武法东,李思田,陆永潮等.东海陆架盆地第三纪海平面变化[J].地质科学,1998,33(2):214-221.[WU Fadong,LI Sitian,LU Yongchao,et.Tertiary sea level changes in the East China Sea shelf basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,1998,33(2):214-221.]
[22] 郝诒纯,陈平富,万晓樵.南海北部莺歌海-琼东南盆地晚第三纪层序地层与海平面变化[J].现代地质,2000,14(3):237-245.[HAO Yichun,CHEN Pingfu,WAN Xiaoqiao.Late Tertiary sequence stratigraphy and sea level changes in Yinggehai-Qiongdongnan Basin,Northern South China Sea[J].Geoscience,2000,14(3):237-245.]
[23] Berger W H and D iester-HaassL.Paleoproductivity:the benthic planktonic ratio in foraminifera as a productivity index[J].Mar.Geol.,1988,81:15-25.
[24] Sahaglan D L,Holland S M.Eustatic sea-level curve based on stable frame of Reference:preliminary results[J].Geology,1991,19:1209-1212.
[25] 赵泉鸿,翦知湣,王吉良.南海北部晚新生代氧同位素地层学[J].中国科学D辑,2001,31((10):800-507.[ZHAO Quanhong,JIAN Zhimin,WANG Jiliang.Late Cenozoic Oxygen isotope stratigraphy in northern South China Sea[J].Science in China(Series D),2001,31(10):800-507.]
[26] 李保华,王晓燕,龙江平.海南岛近岸沉积物中的有孔虫特征与分布[J].微体古生物学报,2008,25(3):225-234.[LI Baohua,WANG Xiaoyan,LONG Jiangping.Characteristics and distribution of foraminifera in coastal sediments of Hainan Island[J].Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,2008,25(3):225-234.]
[27] 谢金有,祝幼华,李绪深.南海北部大陆架莺琼盆地新生代海平面变化[J].海相油气地质,2012,17(1):49-58.[XIE Jinyou,ZHU Youhua,LI Xushen.Cenozoic sea level changes in Yingqiong Basin on the northern continental shelf of the South China Sea[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2012,17(1):49-58.]
[28] Bolli H M,Saunders J B.Oligocene to Holocene low Latitude planknic foraminifera[M]// In:Bolli H M,et al.(eds).Planktonic stratigraphy,Combridge University Press,1985:155-262.
[29] 刘新宇,谢金有.南海北部莺琼盆地浮游有孔虫年代地层学研究[J].微体古生物学报,2009,26(2):181-192.[LIU Xinyu,XIE Jinyou.Chronological stratigraphy of planktonic foraminifera in Yingqiong Basin,northern South China Sea[J].Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,2009,26(2):181-192.]
[30] Okada H,Bukry D.Supplementary modification and introduction of code numbers to the low latitude coccolith biostigrphic zonation[J].Marine Micropaleontology,1980,5(3):321-325.
[31] 李珊珊,彭松,邓勇,等.珠江口盆地西部渐新世以来钙质超微化石年代地层研究[J].微体古生物学报,2015,32(3):308-316.[LI Shanshan,PENG Song,DENG Yong,et al.Chronological stratigraphy of calcareous nannofossils since Oligocene in Western Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,2015,32(3):308-316.]
[32] 傅宁,米立军,张功成.珠江口盆地白云凹陷烃源岩及北部油气成因[J].石油学报,2007,28(3):32-38.[FU Ning,MI Lijun,ZHANG Gongcheng.Source rocks and petroleum genesis in the north of Baiyun Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(3):32-38.]
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