黑龙江省漠河市782高地铌多稀有金属矿床的地质特征及找矿标志
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摘要
黑龙江省漠河市782高地铌多稀有金属矿床位于漠河市北偏西38 km处,是近年来在大兴安岭北部发现的一个铌资源量达到中型规模的矿床,也是至今在黑龙江省内发现的唯一的铌多稀有金属矿床。矿床的大地构造位置处于额尔古纳地块,漠河前陆盆地与富克山-兴华变质基底杂岩的交接部位。区域地球化学分析显示与稀有金属有关的元素组合为U、Th、Nb、Be;区域地球物理特征表明该区处于航空放射性高场中。勘查结果表明,稀有金属矿化产于晚寒武世—早奥陶世碱长花岗岩顶部,呈似层状、板状产出,矿床Nb2O5、Ta2O5、Y2O3、ZrO2平均品位分别为0.12%、0.0087%、0.108%、0.80%,最高品位分别为0.529%、0.0354%、0.309%、1.18%。主要围岩蚀变为钠长石化,铌等稀有金属矿化与其呈正相关关系。初步研究表明,该矿床形成于早奥陶世拉张伸展背景之下,与该时期板块裂解有关,为一处岩浆晚期自交代矿床。文章旨在分析和讨论该矿床的产出地质环境、矿床地质特征和找矿标志,为额尔古纳地块相似类型的矿床的勘查提供理论参考。
The No. 782 highland Nb-rich rare-metal deposit is located in 38 km northwest of Mohe City. The deposit is medium-sized in niobium and is the only Nb-rich rare-metal deposit that has been discovered in Heilongjiang Province so far. This deposit is located in the Erguna block, the junction of Mohe foreland basin and FukeshanXinghua metamorphic basement complex. The regional geochemical survey shows that the element association about rare element are U, Th, Nb, Be, whereas the regional geophysical features indicate characteristics of high airborne radioactive field. The orebody that hosts the rare metals occurs in a Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician tabular-shaped alkali-feldspar granite. The average grade of Nb2 O5, Ta2 O5, Y2 O3,ZrO2 are 0.12%, 0.0087%, 0.108%and 0.80%, respectively, with the highest grade of 0.529%, 0.0354%, 0.309% and 1.18%, respectively. The mineralization of rare metals is positively related to albitization, which is the most important wall rock alteration. Preliminary studies show that No. 782 highland deposit was dominated by an extensional tectonics triggered by the continental rift during the Early Ordovician. The authors comprehensively analyzed the regional geological setting and geological characteristics of the deposit and prospecting indicator so as to provide a theoretical reference for the exploration of similar types of deposits in the Erguna block.
The No. 782 highland Nb-rich rare-metal deposit is located in 38 km northwest of Mohe City. The deposit is medium-sized in niobium and is the only Nb-rich rare-metal deposit that has been discovered in Heilongjiang Province so far. This deposit is located in the Erguna block, the junction of Mohe foreland basin and FukeshanXinghua metamorphic basement complex. The regional geochemical survey shows that the element association about rare element are U, Th, Nb, Be, whereas the regional geophysical features indicate characteristics of high airborne radioactive field. The orebody that hosts the rare metals occurs in a Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician tabular-shaped alkali-feldspar granite. The average grade of Nb2 O5, Ta2 O5, Y2 O3,ZrO2 are 0.12%, 0.0087%, 0.108%and 0.80%, respectively, with the highest grade of 0.529%, 0.0354%, 0.309% and 1.18%, respectively. The mineralization of rare metals is positively related to albitization, which is the most important wall rock alteration. Preliminary studies show that No. 782 highland deposit was dominated by an extensional tectonics triggered by the continental rift during the Early Ordovician. The authors comprehensively analyzed the regional geological setting and geological characteristics of the deposit and prospecting indicator so as to provide a theoretical reference for the exploration of similar types of deposits in the Erguna block.
引文
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Dahlquist J A,Alasino P H,Eby G N,Galindo C and Casquent C.2010.Fault controlled Carboniferous A-type magmatism in the proto-Andean foreland(Sierras Pampeanas,Argentina):Geochemical constraints and petrogenesis[J].Lithos,115(1-4):65-81.
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Frost B R,Barnes C G,Collins W J,Arculus D R,Ellis D J and Frost CD.2001.A geochemical classification for granitic rocks[J].Journal of Petrology,42(11):2033-2048.
Guo K C,Shi J M,Ding J S and Hu X.2016.Characteristics of HFU-09 airborne radiocactive anomalies in the Daxinganling area,Heilongjiang Province and significance to prospecting[J].Geology and Exploration,52(3):556-563(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han C Q,Xu G C,Liu J J,Zhang D H,Gao Y H,Zhang J W,Zhu L,Meng X B and Meng Q L.2012.The airborne geophysical survey results report of the great Xing,an Range in Heilongjiang Province[M].Shijiazhuang:Airborne Surver and Remote Sensing Center of Nuclear Industry.334-374(in Chinese).
Jiang C H,Shao L J,Du M X,Yang C W,Li Y and Shao J H.2014.1:250000 Stream sediment survey geochemistry specification of N51C003002(Mo He)N51C004002(Mohe County)[R].Haerbin:Geological Survey Institute of Heilongjiang Province.1-245(in Chinese).
Li S T,Zhu X Y and Wang J B.2011.A brief review of research on rare mental deposit in our country[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,S1:256-257(in Chinese with English abstract).
Migdisov A A,Williams-Jones A E and Wagner T.2009.An experimental study of the solubility and speciation of rare earth elements(Ⅲ)in fluoride and Chloride-bearing aqueous solutions at temperatures up to 300℃[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,73:7087-7109.
Nie F J,Wang F X,Zhao Y A,Sun Y and Chai H.2013.Geological features and origin of Zhaojinggou Nb-Ta deposit in Wuchuan County,Inner Mongolia[J].Mineral Deposits,32(4):730-743(in Chinese with English abstract).
Pearce J A,Harris B W and Tindle A G.1984.Trace element discriminationg diagrams for the tectonic interpretations of granitic rocks[J].Journal of Petrology,25:956-983.
Peccerillo A and Taylor S R.1976.Geochemistry of eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area,Northern Turkey[J].Contributions to Mineralogy&Petrology,58(1):63-81.
Pollard P J.1989.Geochemistry of granites associated with tantalum and niobium mineralization[A].In:M?ller P,?erny,P and SaupéF,eds.Lanthanides,tantalum and niobium[C].Berlin:Springer.145-168.
Sánchez V,Cardellach E,Corbella M,Vindel E and Martín C.2000.Hydrothermal mobilization of high field strength elements in alkaline igneous systems:Evidence from the Tamazeght Complex(Morocco)[J].Econ.Geol.,95(3):559-576.
Shao Q N,Tao W P and Zhang Y X.2010.Mineral Resource Industry Requirems handbook[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.216-251(in Chinese).
Sun S S and Mcdonough W F.1989.Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts:Implications for mantle composition and processes[J].Geological Society London Special Publications,42(1):313-345.
Tang C,Zhang D C,Yu Y J,Zhang B S,Yang C C,He Y J,Zhuo F J,Liu J L,Na X H,Li F T,Ding Y X,Han W M,Han S S,Liang KW,Li Z W,Lv C L,Yin D S,Zhang En G,Jia S Y,Cai T X and Wang R.2013.Resource potential evaluation of Heilongjiang Province[R].Haerbin:Geological Survey Institute of Heilongjiang Province(in Chinese).
Wang D F.1958.Significance of studying new mineral of rare element[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,(3):2-5(in Chinese with English abstract).
Whalen J B,Currie K L and Chappell B W.1987.A-type granites geochemical characteristics,descriminations and petrogenesis[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,95:407-419.
Wright J B.1969.A simple alkalinity ratio and its application to question of non-orogenic granite genesis[J].Geological Magazine,106(4):370-384.
Wu G,Sun F Y,zhao C S,Li Z T,Zhao A L,Pang Q B and Li G Y.2005.The discovery of early Paleozoic post-collision granites on the northern margin of the Erguna block and its geological significance[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,50(20):2278-2288(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu M Q,Tian B F,Zhang D H,Xu G Zh,Xu W X and Qiu Q F.2018.Zircon of the No.782 deposit from the Great Xing'an Range in NEChina:Implications for Nb-REE-Zr mineralization during magmatic-hydrothermal evolution[J].Ore Geology Reviews,102:284-299.
Yan M C,Chi Q H,Li X F,Gu T X,et al.1997.Chemical composition of the upper crust in eastern China[J].Science China(D),27(3):193-199(in Chinese).
Yang J Q,Guo Y H,Kong X J,Zhang N,Wang D M,Cai W H,Zhao X L,Wang M,Wang Y,Wang X N and Li Y.2014.1∶50000 Regional geological and mineral resources survers report of N51E018008(Dongmazhaer River),N51E018009(Hakaluchaku River),N51E018010(Menduli),Heilongjiang Province[R].Haerbin:Regional Geological survey of Heilongjiang Province(in Chinese).
Yang W B,Niu H C,Shan Q,Luo Y,Yu X Y and Qiu Y Z.2009.Oreforming mechanism of the Baerzhe super-large rare and rare earth elements deposit[J].Acta Petrologic Sinica,25(11):2924-2932(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yuan Z X and Bai G.2001.Temporal and spatial distribution of Endogenic rare and rare earth mineral deposits of China[J].Mineral Deposits,20(4):347-354(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou J B,Zhang X Z,Wilde Simon A and Zheng C Q.2011.Confirming of the Heilongjiang~500Ma Pan-African khondalite belt and its tectonic implications[J].Acta Petrologic Sinica,27(4):1235-1245(in Chinese with English abstract).
郭奎城,史建民,丁继双,胡鑫.2016.黑龙江大兴安岭地区HFU-09号航放异常特征及找矿意义[J].地质与勘探,52(3):556-563.
韩长青,徐国苍,刘建军,张德华,高玉恒,张俊伟,朱琳,孟祥宝,孟秋良.2012.黑龙江省大兴安岭地区1∶5万航空物探测量成果报告[R].石家庄:核工业航测遥感中心.334-374.
黑龙江省地质矿产局.1993.黑龙江省区域地质志[J].北京:地质出版社.537-556.
姜春和,邵连健,杜美兴,杨春伟,李玉,邵继红.2014.N51C003002(漠河幅)N51C004002(漠河县幅)1∶25万水系沉积物测量地球化学图说明书[R].哈尔滨:黑龙江省地质调查研究总院.
李顺庭,祝新友,王京彬.2011.我国稀有金属矿床研究现状初探[J].矿物学报,SI:256-257.
聂凤军,王丰翔,赵宇安,孙艳,柴华.2013.内蒙古赵井沟大型铌钽矿床地质特征及成因[J].矿床地质,32(4):730-743.
邵厥年,陶维屏,张义勋.2010.矿产资源工业要求手册[M].北京:地质出版社.216-251.
唐臣,张东财,于跃江,张滨生,杨春成,何英杰,卓凤吉,刘继鲁,那晓红,李福田,丁宇雪,韩伟民,韩松山,梁科伟,李忠文,吕长禄,尹德顺,张恩光,贾思愉,才天祥,王锐.2013.黑龙江省资源潜力评价报告[R].哈尔滨:黑龙江省地质调查研究总院.
王德孚.1958.研究稀有元素新矿物的意义[J].地质科学,(3):2-5.
武广,孙丰月,赵财胜,李之彤,赵爱琳,庞庆帮,李广远.2005.额尔古纳地块北缘早古生代后碰撞花岗岩的发现及其地质意义[J].科学通报,50(20):2278-2288.
鄢眀才,迟清华,顾铁新.1997.中国东部上地壳化学组成[J].中国科学(D辑),27(3):193-199.
杨继全,郭延华,李秀芳,孔祥江,张楠,王冬明,蔡文华,赵雪龙,王敏,王瑶,王旭楠,李月.2014.黑龙江省N51E018008(东马扎尔河)幅N51E018009(哈卡鲁查库河)幅N51E018010(门都里)幅1∶5区域地质矿产调查报告[R].哈尔滨:黑龙江省区域地质调查所.
杨武斌,牛贺才,单强,罗勇,于学元,裘愉卓.2009.巴尔哲超大型稀有稀土矿床成矿机制研究[J].岩石学报,25(11):2924-2932.
袁忠信,白鸽.2001.中国内生稀有稀土矿床的时空分布[J].矿床地质,20(4):347-354.
周建波,张兴洲,Wilde Simon A,郑常青.2011.中国东北~500 Ma泛非期孔兹岩带的确定及其意义[J].岩石学报,27(4):1235-1245.
Bureau of Geology and Minerale Resource of Hei Longjiang Province.1993.Regional geology of Heilongjiang Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House(in Chinese).
?ernyP and Ercit T S.2005a.The classification of granitic pegmatites revisited[J].The Canadian Mineralogist,43:2005-2026.
?ernyP,Blevin P L,Cuney M,et al.2005b.Granite-related ore deposits[J].Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume,100:337-370.
Dahlquist J A,Alasino P H,Eby G N,Galindo C and Casquent C.2010.Fault controlled Carboniferous A-type magmatism in the proto-Andean foreland(Sierras Pampeanas,Argentina):Geochemical constraints and petrogenesis[J].Lithos,115(1-4):65-81.
Eby G N.1992.Chemical subdivision of the A-type granitoids:Petrogenetic and tectonic implications[J].Geology,20(7):641.
Frost B R,Barnes C G,Collins W J,Arculus D R,Ellis D J and Frost CD.2001.A geochemical classification for granitic rocks[J].Journal of Petrology,42(11):2033-2048.
Guo K C,Shi J M,Ding J S and Hu X.2016.Characteristics of HFU-09 airborne radiocactive anomalies in the Daxinganling area,Heilongjiang Province and significance to prospecting[J].Geology and Exploration,52(3):556-563(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han C Q,Xu G C,Liu J J,Zhang D H,Gao Y H,Zhang J W,Zhu L,Meng X B and Meng Q L.2012.The airborne geophysical survey results report of the great Xing,an Range in Heilongjiang Province[M].Shijiazhuang:Airborne Surver and Remote Sensing Center of Nuclear Industry.334-374(in Chinese).
Jiang C H,Shao L J,Du M X,Yang C W,Li Y and Shao J H.2014.1:250000 Stream sediment survey geochemistry specification of N51C003002(Mo He)N51C004002(Mohe County)[R].Haerbin:Geological Survey Institute of Heilongjiang Province.1-245(in Chinese).
Li S T,Zhu X Y and Wang J B.2011.A brief review of research on rare mental deposit in our country[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,S1:256-257(in Chinese with English abstract).
Migdisov A A,Williams-Jones A E and Wagner T.2009.An experimental study of the solubility and speciation of rare earth elements(Ⅲ)in fluoride and Chloride-bearing aqueous solutions at temperatures up to 300℃[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,73:7087-7109.
Nie F J,Wang F X,Zhao Y A,Sun Y and Chai H.2013.Geological features and origin of Zhaojinggou Nb-Ta deposit in Wuchuan County,Inner Mongolia[J].Mineral Deposits,32(4):730-743(in Chinese with English abstract).
Pearce J A,Harris B W and Tindle A G.1984.Trace element discriminationg diagrams for the tectonic interpretations of granitic rocks[J].Journal of Petrology,25:956-983.
Peccerillo A and Taylor S R.1976.Geochemistry of eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area,Northern Turkey[J].Contributions to Mineralogy&Petrology,58(1):63-81.
Pollard P J.1989.Geochemistry of granites associated with tantalum and niobium mineralization[A].In:M?ller P,?erny,P and SaupéF,eds.Lanthanides,tantalum and niobium[C].Berlin:Springer.145-168.
Sánchez V,Cardellach E,Corbella M,Vindel E and Martín C.2000.Hydrothermal mobilization of high field strength elements in alkaline igneous systems:Evidence from the Tamazeght Complex(Morocco)[J].Econ.Geol.,95(3):559-576.
Shao Q N,Tao W P and Zhang Y X.2010.Mineral Resource Industry Requirems handbook[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.216-251(in Chinese).
Sun S S and Mcdonough W F.1989.Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts:Implications for mantle composition and processes[J].Geological Society London Special Publications,42(1):313-345.
Tang C,Zhang D C,Yu Y J,Zhang B S,Yang C C,He Y J,Zhuo F J,Liu J L,Na X H,Li F T,Ding Y X,Han W M,Han S S,Liang KW,Li Z W,Lv C L,Yin D S,Zhang En G,Jia S Y,Cai T X and Wang R.2013.Resource potential evaluation of Heilongjiang Province[R].Haerbin:Geological Survey Institute of Heilongjiang Province(in Chinese).
Wang D F.1958.Significance of studying new mineral of rare element[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,(3):2-5(in Chinese with English abstract).
Whalen J B,Currie K L and Chappell B W.1987.A-type granites geochemical characteristics,descriminations and petrogenesis[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,95:407-419.
Wright J B.1969.A simple alkalinity ratio and its application to question of non-orogenic granite genesis[J].Geological Magazine,106(4):370-384.
Wu G,Sun F Y,zhao C S,Li Z T,Zhao A L,Pang Q B and Li G Y.2005.The discovery of early Paleozoic post-collision granites on the northern margin of the Erguna block and its geological significance[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,50(20):2278-2288(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu M Q,Tian B F,Zhang D H,Xu G Zh,Xu W X and Qiu Q F.2018.Zircon of the No.782 deposit from the Great Xing'an Range in NEChina:Implications for Nb-REE-Zr mineralization during magmatic-hydrothermal evolution[J].Ore Geology Reviews,102:284-299.
Yan M C,Chi Q H,Li X F,Gu T X,et al.1997.Chemical composition of the upper crust in eastern China[J].Science China(D),27(3):193-199(in Chinese).
Yang J Q,Guo Y H,Kong X J,Zhang N,Wang D M,Cai W H,Zhao X L,Wang M,Wang Y,Wang X N and Li Y.2014.1∶50000 Regional geological and mineral resources survers report of N51E018008(Dongmazhaer River),N51E018009(Hakaluchaku River),N51E018010(Menduli),Heilongjiang Province[R].Haerbin:Regional Geological survey of Heilongjiang Province(in Chinese).
Yang W B,Niu H C,Shan Q,Luo Y,Yu X Y and Qiu Y Z.2009.Oreforming mechanism of the Baerzhe super-large rare and rare earth elements deposit[J].Acta Petrologic Sinica,25(11):2924-2932(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yuan Z X and Bai G.2001.Temporal and spatial distribution of Endogenic rare and rare earth mineral deposits of China[J].Mineral Deposits,20(4):347-354(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou J B,Zhang X Z,Wilde Simon A and Zheng C Q.2011.Confirming of the Heilongjiang~500Ma Pan-African khondalite belt and its tectonic implications[J].Acta Petrologic Sinica,27(4):1235-1245(in Chinese with English abstract).
郭奎城,史建民,丁继双,胡鑫.2016.黑龙江大兴安岭地区HFU-09号航放异常特征及找矿意义[J].地质与勘探,52(3):556-563.
韩长青,徐国苍,刘建军,张德华,高玉恒,张俊伟,朱琳,孟祥宝,孟秋良.2012.黑龙江省大兴安岭地区1∶5万航空物探测量成果报告[R].石家庄:核工业航测遥感中心.334-374.
黑龙江省地质矿产局.1993.黑龙江省区域地质志[J].北京:地质出版社.537-556.
姜春和,邵连健,杜美兴,杨春伟,李玉,邵继红.2014.N51C003002(漠河幅)N51C004002(漠河县幅)1∶25万水系沉积物测量地球化学图说明书[R].哈尔滨:黑龙江省地质调查研究总院.
李顺庭,祝新友,王京彬.2011.我国稀有金属矿床研究现状初探[J].矿物学报,SI:256-257.
聂凤军,王丰翔,赵宇安,孙艳,柴华.2013.内蒙古赵井沟大型铌钽矿床地质特征及成因[J].矿床地质,32(4):730-743.
邵厥年,陶维屏,张义勋.2010.矿产资源工业要求手册[M].北京:地质出版社.216-251.
唐臣,张东财,于跃江,张滨生,杨春成,何英杰,卓凤吉,刘继鲁,那晓红,李福田,丁宇雪,韩伟民,韩松山,梁科伟,李忠文,吕长禄,尹德顺,张恩光,贾思愉,才天祥,王锐.2013.黑龙江省资源潜力评价报告[R].哈尔滨:黑龙江省地质调查研究总院.
王德孚.1958.研究稀有元素新矿物的意义[J].地质科学,(3):2-5.
武广,孙丰月,赵财胜,李之彤,赵爱琳,庞庆帮,李广远.2005.额尔古纳地块北缘早古生代后碰撞花岗岩的发现及其地质意义[J].科学通报,50(20):2278-2288.
鄢眀才,迟清华,顾铁新.1997.中国东部上地壳化学组成[J].中国科学(D辑),27(3):193-199.
杨继全,郭延华,李秀芳,孔祥江,张楠,王冬明,蔡文华,赵雪龙,王敏,王瑶,王旭楠,李月.2014.黑龙江省N51E018008(东马扎尔河)幅N51E018009(哈卡鲁查库河)幅N51E018010(门都里)幅1∶5区域地质矿产调查报告[R].哈尔滨:黑龙江省区域地质调查所.
杨武斌,牛贺才,单强,罗勇,于学元,裘愉卓.2009.巴尔哲超大型稀有稀土矿床成矿机制研究[J].岩石学报,25(11):2924-2932.
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