晋西黄土区典型人工植被生长季深层土壤储水量与细根生物量分布特征
|
摘要
为研究黄土区人工植被建设对深层土壤水分亏缺的影响,以晋西黄土区4种典型人工植被类型(苜蓿、刺槐、侧柏和核桃)和农地(对照)为研究对象,分析深剖面(70～500 cm)土壤储水量和细根生物量的变化规律及其相互关系。结果表明:1)深层土壤含水量的分布可划分为降水入渗层(70～160 cm)、过渡层(160～280 cm)和相对稳定层(280～500 cm); 2)不同人工植被类型土壤储水量在深层有显著性差异(P <0. 05),与农地相比,其他4种人工植被深层(> 70 cm)土壤储水量的总亏缺量为161. 94～448. 25 mm,并且苜蓿和侧柏水分亏缺深度达到3 m以上,刺槐和核桃则达到5 m以上; 3)深层(> 160 cm)细根生物量与土壤储水量具有显著的负相关关系(P <0. 05),刺槐和核桃深层细根生物量比例高于侧柏和苜蓿。研究区不同人工植被类型已产生明显的深层土壤水分亏缺问题,这与植被细根生物量剖面分布有紧密关系,该区域未来人工植被建设中应重点考虑刺槐和核桃根系特性与水分条件的适应性。
[Background]The Loess Plateau of western Shanxi is one of China's most degraded land regions with serious soil erosion. Since the Grain-for-Green Program was implemented in this region,a growing number of exotic trees have been introduced by human activities. Due to their strong water consumption via deep roots,the contradiction between vegetation water demand and soil water supply has become increasingly prominent. Currently,there is a lack of research linking the characteristics of deep( > 2 m) soil moisture storage( SMS) and fine root distribution in the Plateau. This study analyzed the distribution of SMS and fine root biomass( FRB),and assessed their relationship under typical artificial vegetation types during the growing season in western Shanxi of the Loess Plateau. [Methods] Four artificial vegetation types( Medicago sativa,Robinia pseudoacacia,Platycladus orientalis,and Juglans regia) were selected from the study region,with long-term cropland as the control. Soil and root samples were taken from depths of 0-500 cm at 10 or 20 cm intervals. SMS was derived from soil moisture content that was measured based on oven-drying at 105-110 ℃,while FRB( < 2 mm) was measured after drying at 80 ℃ to constant weight. Differences among the treatments in deep layers were examined for SMS and FRB by one-way analysis of variance. The relationship between SMS and FRB in each deep layer was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients. [Results] Based on the distribution of soil moisture content,the soil profile was divided into 2 layers of shallow( 0-70 cm) and deep( 70-500 cm); the latter was subdivided into precipitation infiltration layer( 70-160 cm),transition layer( 160-280 cm),and relatively stable layer( 280-500 cm). The SMS in deep layers significantly differed among the 5 treatments( P < 0. 05). Compared with the control,the total deficit of SMS in deep soil profile under artificial vegetation types ranked as R. pseudoacacia(-448. 25 mm) > J. regia(-357. 6 mm) > M. sativa(-170. 83 mm) > P. orientalis(-161. 93 mm). There were significant negative correlations between FRB and SMS in the infiltration and stable layers( P < 0. 05). The FRB in deep soil profile of all 5 treatments accounted for approximately 37% of the FRB in the total soil profile.The average FRB in deep soil profile decreased in the order P. orientalis( 2. 9 g/m2) > R. pseudoacacia( 2. 68 g/m2) > J. regia( 2. 67 g/m2) > M. sativa( 1. 67 g/m2) > control( 0. 56 g/m2).[Conclusions]Deep soil moisture was depleted by artificial vegetation and this was closely related to the distribution of FRB in the deep soil profile. The strong linkage between local moisture conditions in the soil and water consumption by plant roots( especially R. pseudoacacia and J. regia) should be considered during the construction of artificial vegetation in the semi-arid Loess Plateau region.
[Background]The Loess Plateau of western Shanxi is one of China's most degraded land regions with serious soil erosion. Since the Grain-for-Green Program was implemented in this region,a growing number of exotic trees have been introduced by human activities. Due to their strong water consumption via deep roots,the contradiction between vegetation water demand and soil water supply has become increasingly prominent. Currently,there is a lack of research linking the characteristics of deep( > 2 m) soil moisture storage( SMS) and fine root distribution in the Plateau. This study analyzed the distribution of SMS and fine root biomass( FRB),and assessed their relationship under typical artificial vegetation types during the growing season in western Shanxi of the Loess Plateau. [Methods] Four artificial vegetation types( Medicago sativa,Robinia pseudoacacia,Platycladus orientalis,and Juglans regia) were selected from the study region,with long-term cropland as the control. Soil and root samples were taken from depths of 0-500 cm at 10 or 20 cm intervals. SMS was derived from soil moisture content that was measured based on oven-drying at 105-110 ℃,while FRB( < 2 mm) was measured after drying at 80 ℃ to constant weight. Differences among the treatments in deep layers were examined for SMS and FRB by one-way analysis of variance. The relationship between SMS and FRB in each deep layer was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients. [Results] Based on the distribution of soil moisture content,the soil profile was divided into 2 layers of shallow( 0-70 cm) and deep( 70-500 cm); the latter was subdivided into precipitation infiltration layer( 70-160 cm),transition layer( 160-280 cm),and relatively stable layer( 280-500 cm). The SMS in deep layers significantly differed among the 5 treatments( P < 0. 05). Compared with the control,the total deficit of SMS in deep soil profile under artificial vegetation types ranked as R. pseudoacacia(-448. 25 mm) > J. regia(-357. 6 mm) > M. sativa(-170. 83 mm) > P. orientalis(-161. 93 mm). There were significant negative correlations between FRB and SMS in the infiltration and stable layers( P < 0. 05). The FRB in deep soil profile of all 5 treatments accounted for approximately 37% of the FRB in the total soil profile.The average FRB in deep soil profile decreased in the order P. orientalis( 2. 9 g/m2) > R. pseudoacacia( 2. 68 g/m2) > J. regia( 2. 67 g/m2) > M. sativa( 1. 67 g/m2) > control( 0. 56 g/m2).[Conclusions]Deep soil moisture was depleted by artificial vegetation and this was closely related to the distribution of FRB in the deep soil profile. The strong linkage between local moisture conditions in the soil and water consumption by plant roots( especially R. pseudoacacia and J. regia) should be considered during the construction of artificial vegetation in the semi-arid Loess Plateau region.
引文
[1] JIA Xiaoxu,SHAO Ming'an,ZHU Yuanjun,et al. Soilmoisture decline due to afforestation across the Loess Plat-eau,China[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2017,546:120.
[2]冉伟,谢永生,郝明德.黄土高原沟壑区不同种植年限果园土壤水分变化[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(4):229.RAN Wei, XIE Yongsheng, HAO Mingde. Study onchange of soil water in orchards of different planting-lifein gully region of the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Agricultu-rae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2008,17(4):229.
[3]王晶,朱清科,刘中奇,等.黄土丘陵区不同林地土壤水分动态变化[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(1):223.WANG Jin,ZHU Qingke,LIU Zhongqi,et al. Dynamicof soil water content under different forest land in the Lo-ess hill region[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conserva-tion,2011,18(1):223.
[4]邵臻,张富,陈瑾,等.陇中黄土丘陵沟壑区不同土地利用下土壤水分变化分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(12):129.SHAO Zhen,ZHANG Fu,CHEN Jin,et al. Soil mois-ture changes for different land use types in Loess Plateaugully and hilly region of central Gansu[J]. Journal of Ar-id Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(12):129.
[5]杨文治.黄土高原土壤水资源与植树造林[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(5):437.YANG Wenzhi. Soil water resources and afforestation inLoess Plateau[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2001,16(5):437.
[6]朱炜歆,牛俊杰,刘庚,等.植被类型对生长季黄土区土壤含水量的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(1):152.ZHU Weixin,NIU Junjie,LIU Geng,et al. The influ-ence of vegetation types on the soil moistures during grow-ing season in loess area[J]. Journal of natural resources,2016,30(1):154.
[7]杨磊,卫伟,莫保儒,等.半干旱黄土丘陵区不同人工植被恢复土壤水分的相对亏缺[J].生态学报,2011,31(11):3061.YANG Lei,WEI Wei,MO Baoru,et al. Soil water defi-cit under different artificial vegetation restoration in thesemi-arid hilly region of the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Eco-logica Sinica,2011,31(11):3061.
[8]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978:196.Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Analysis of soil physico-chemical properties[M]. Shang-hai:Scientific Technical&Publishers,1987:196.
[9]江洪,白莹莹,饶应福,等.新围垦盐土地三种人工林群落细根生物量及其影响因素分析[J].植物学报,2016,51(3):345.JIANG Hong,BAI Yingying,RAO Yingfu,et al. Fineroot biomass and morphological characteristics in threedifferent artificial forest communities in newly reclaimedsaline soil[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2016,51(3):345.
[10]韩仕峰,李玉山,张孝中,等.黄土高原地区土壤水分区域动态特征[J].中国科学院水利部西北水土保持研究所集刊:黄土高原区域治理技术体系与效益评价专集,1989(1):165.HAN Shifeng,LI Yushan,ZHANG Xiaozhong,et al.The regional dynamic characteristics of soil water on theLoess Plateau[J]. Memoir of NISWC,Academia Sinica&Ministry of Water Resources,1989(1):165.
[11] FANG Xuening,ZHAO Wenwu,WANG Lixin,et al.Variations of deep soil moisture under different vegeta-tion types and influencing factors in a watershed of theLoess Plateau,China[J]. Hydrology and Earth SystemSciences,2016,20(8):3315.
[12]段晨宇.黄土高原植被对土壤储水量和土壤干层的影响[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.DUAN Chenyu. Effects of vegetation on soil water stor-age and soil dry layer in the Loess Plateau[D]. Yan-gling,Shaanxi:Northwest Agriculture&Forestry Uni-versity,2017.
[13]张良德,徐学选,胡伟,等.黄土丘陵区燕沟流域人工刺槐林的细根空间分布特征[J].林业科学,2011,47(11):32.ZHANG Liangde,XU Xuexuan,HU Wei,et al. Spatialdistribution of fine root of a Robinia pseudoacacia planta-tion in Yangou watershed in the hilly region of the LoessPlateau[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae. 2011,47(11):32.
[14]荐圣淇,赵传燕,方书敏,等.陇中黄土高原主要造林树种细根生物量分布[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(7):1905.JIAN Shengqi,ZHAO Chuanyan,FANG Shumin,et al.Distribution of fine root biomass of main planting treespecies in Loess Plateau,China[J]. Chinese Journal ofApplied Ecology,2014,25(7):1905.
[15]岳玮,刘讯,刘姜艳.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区主要造林树种细根生物量分布规律研究[J].生态科学,2015,34(5):58.YUE Wei,LIU Xun,LIU Jiangyan. Research on thefine root biomass and distribution of main afforestationtree species in Loess Plateau[J]. Ecological Science,2015,34(5):64.
[2]冉伟,谢永生,郝明德.黄土高原沟壑区不同种植年限果园土壤水分变化[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(4):229.RAN Wei, XIE Yongsheng, HAO Mingde. Study onchange of soil water in orchards of different planting-lifein gully region of the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Agricultu-rae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2008,17(4):229.
[3]王晶,朱清科,刘中奇,等.黄土丘陵区不同林地土壤水分动态变化[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(1):223.WANG Jin,ZHU Qingke,LIU Zhongqi,et al. Dynamicof soil water content under different forest land in the Lo-ess hill region[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conserva-tion,2011,18(1):223.
[4]邵臻,张富,陈瑾,等.陇中黄土丘陵沟壑区不同土地利用下土壤水分变化分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(12):129.SHAO Zhen,ZHANG Fu,CHEN Jin,et al. Soil mois-ture changes for different land use types in Loess Plateaugully and hilly region of central Gansu[J]. Journal of Ar-id Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(12):129.
[5]杨文治.黄土高原土壤水资源与植树造林[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(5):437.YANG Wenzhi. Soil water resources and afforestation inLoess Plateau[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2001,16(5):437.
[6]朱炜歆,牛俊杰,刘庚,等.植被类型对生长季黄土区土壤含水量的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(1):152.ZHU Weixin,NIU Junjie,LIU Geng,et al. The influ-ence of vegetation types on the soil moistures during grow-ing season in loess area[J]. Journal of natural resources,2016,30(1):154.
[7]杨磊,卫伟,莫保儒,等.半干旱黄土丘陵区不同人工植被恢复土壤水分的相对亏缺[J].生态学报,2011,31(11):3061.YANG Lei,WEI Wei,MO Baoru,et al. Soil water defi-cit under different artificial vegetation restoration in thesemi-arid hilly region of the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Eco-logica Sinica,2011,31(11):3061.
[8]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978:196.Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Analysis of soil physico-chemical properties[M]. Shang-hai:Scientific Technical&Publishers,1987:196.
[9]江洪,白莹莹,饶应福,等.新围垦盐土地三种人工林群落细根生物量及其影响因素分析[J].植物学报,2016,51(3):345.JIANG Hong,BAI Yingying,RAO Yingfu,et al. Fineroot biomass and morphological characteristics in threedifferent artificial forest communities in newly reclaimedsaline soil[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2016,51(3):345.
[10]韩仕峰,李玉山,张孝中,等.黄土高原地区土壤水分区域动态特征[J].中国科学院水利部西北水土保持研究所集刊:黄土高原区域治理技术体系与效益评价专集,1989(1):165.HAN Shifeng,LI Yushan,ZHANG Xiaozhong,et al.The regional dynamic characteristics of soil water on theLoess Plateau[J]. Memoir of NISWC,Academia Sinica&Ministry of Water Resources,1989(1):165.
[11] FANG Xuening,ZHAO Wenwu,WANG Lixin,et al.Variations of deep soil moisture under different vegeta-tion types and influencing factors in a watershed of theLoess Plateau,China[J]. Hydrology and Earth SystemSciences,2016,20(8):3315.
[12]段晨宇.黄土高原植被对土壤储水量和土壤干层的影响[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.DUAN Chenyu. Effects of vegetation on soil water stor-age and soil dry layer in the Loess Plateau[D]. Yan-gling,Shaanxi:Northwest Agriculture&Forestry Uni-versity,2017.
[13]张良德,徐学选,胡伟,等.黄土丘陵区燕沟流域人工刺槐林的细根空间分布特征[J].林业科学,2011,47(11):32.ZHANG Liangde,XU Xuexuan,HU Wei,et al. Spatialdistribution of fine root of a Robinia pseudoacacia planta-tion in Yangou watershed in the hilly region of the LoessPlateau[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae. 2011,47(11):32.
[14]荐圣淇,赵传燕,方书敏,等.陇中黄土高原主要造林树种细根生物量分布[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(7):1905.JIAN Shengqi,ZHAO Chuanyan,FANG Shumin,et al.Distribution of fine root biomass of main planting treespecies in Loess Plateau,China[J]. Chinese Journal ofApplied Ecology,2014,25(7):1905.
[15]岳玮,刘讯,刘姜艳.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区主要造林树种细根生物量分布规律研究[J].生态科学,2015,34(5):58.YUE Wei,LIU Xun,LIU Jiangyan. Research on thefine root biomass and distribution of main afforestationtree species in Loess Plateau[J]. Ecological Science,2015,34(5):64.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |