贵州三穗龙湾铀矿床地质地球化学特征及成因
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摘要
三穗龙湾矿床位于黔中-湘西北铀成矿带内,是近年勘查发现的贵州第一个大型碳硅泥岩型铀矿床。本文对龙湾铀矿床开展了矿物学、地质地球化学及矿床成因等方面研究。结果表明,该矿床矿石中的原生铀矿物主要为沥青铀矿,表生条件下形成的次生铀矿物较发育,主要有硅钙铀矿、硒铅矿、钛铀矿及铀酰磷酸盐矿物等,它们以纳米-微米级粒状(粒径多<10μm)、细脉状或隐晶质形式赋存于有机质、粘土矿物等聚铀矿物中;成矿物质主要来源于赋矿层位,可能有少量来自基底岩浆岩,成矿流体为深部流体与大气降水的混合;铀及共伴生元素的富集与炭质泥岩中富含有机质、磷矿物、铁矿物、粘土矿物密切相关;铀矿形成受层位(老堡组)、岩性(炭质泥岩)、构造(三穗向斜及斜切向斜的断层、层间断层)、围岩沉积环境(陆缘裂谷、裂陷的海相还原沉积环境)等因素控制,经历了雪峰期海底喷流作用下形成含矿岩系过程中铀的初始富集→燕山-喜马拉雅期板内伸展构造背景下淋滤、热液叠加改造再富集的成矿过程,后生成矿特征明显,矿床属沉积-热液叠加改造型。本文研究成果对推进黔东地区铀矿成矿预测和找矿勘查,丰富碳硅泥岩型铀矿成矿理论具有重要意义。
Longwan deposit is located in the central Guizhou-northwestern Hunan uranium mineralization belt. It is the first discovered large-scale uranium deposit in Guizhou Province in recent years. Taking Longwan deposit as the research object,this study has focused on its mineralogy,geochemistry and genesis. The result shows that the primary uranium mineral in this ore consists mainly of pitchblende,while the secondary uranium ores formed under surface conditions are well developed,mainly including silicon calcium uranium,selenium,lead,titanium,uranium and urinal phosphate mineral,etc.,with nanometer-micro level of granular( particle size of < 10μm),stringer,or implicit crystalline forms occurring in in the uranium minerals( organic matter,clay minerals,etc.). The ore-forming materials mainly come from ore-bearing horizon,and some may come from basement magmatic rocks. The ore-forming fluid is the mixture of deep fluid and meteoric precipitation. The enrichment of uranium and associated elements is closely related to carbonaceous mudstone with abundance of organic matter,phosphate mineral,iron ore and clay minerals. The formation of uranium ore is controlled by such factors as stratum( Laobao Formation),lithology( carbonaceous mudstones),structure( fault of Sansui syncline and oblique tangential syncline,interlayer fault),sedimentary environment( marine reductive sedimentary environment of continental rifts and rifts). It experienced the mineralization process of uranium enrichment during the formation of ore-bearing rock series under the action of seafloor jets in Xuefeng period,followed by leaching,hydrothermal superposition and re-enrichment under the background of intraplate extensional tectonic movement in Yanshan-Himalaya period,is described. Epigenetic metallogenic characteristics are obvious,and the deposit belongs to sedimentary-hydrothermal superposition transformation type. The research results of this paper have important guiding role and reference significance for promoting uranium mineralization prediction and prospecting exploration and enriching carbonaceous and siliceous mudstone uranium mineralization theory in eastern Guizhou.
Longwan deposit is located in the central Guizhou-northwestern Hunan uranium mineralization belt. It is the first discovered large-scale uranium deposit in Guizhou Province in recent years. Taking Longwan deposit as the research object,this study has focused on its mineralogy,geochemistry and genesis. The result shows that the primary uranium mineral in this ore consists mainly of pitchblende,while the secondary uranium ores formed under surface conditions are well developed,mainly including silicon calcium uranium,selenium,lead,titanium,uranium and urinal phosphate mineral,etc.,with nanometer-micro level of granular( particle size of < 10μm),stringer,or implicit crystalline forms occurring in in the uranium minerals( organic matter,clay minerals,etc.). The ore-forming materials mainly come from ore-bearing horizon,and some may come from basement magmatic rocks. The ore-forming fluid is the mixture of deep fluid and meteoric precipitation. The enrichment of uranium and associated elements is closely related to carbonaceous mudstone with abundance of organic matter,phosphate mineral,iron ore and clay minerals. The formation of uranium ore is controlled by such factors as stratum( Laobao Formation),lithology( carbonaceous mudstones),structure( fault of Sansui syncline and oblique tangential syncline,interlayer fault),sedimentary environment( marine reductive sedimentary environment of continental rifts and rifts). It experienced the mineralization process of uranium enrichment during the formation of ore-bearing rock series under the action of seafloor jets in Xuefeng period,followed by leaching,hydrothermal superposition and re-enrichment under the background of intraplate extensional tectonic movement in Yanshan-Himalaya period,is described. Epigenetic metallogenic characteristics are obvious,and the deposit belongs to sedimentary-hydrothermal superposition transformation type. The research results of this paper have important guiding role and reference significance for promoting uranium mineralization prediction and prospecting exploration and enriching carbonaceous and siliceous mudstone uranium mineralization theory in eastern Guizhou.
引文
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(1)贵州省有色和核工业地质局核资源地质调查院．2015．贵州省岑巩注溪-三穗南明铀矿整装勘查报告
(1)贵州省有色金属和核工业地质勘查局七总队．2013．贵州省铀矿分布规律和成矿预测
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