赣南淘锡坑钨矿床云英岩中含CO_2包裹体的发现及意义
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摘要
淘锡坑矿床是赣南地区一大型黑钨矿矿床,为揭示成矿流体的早期演化特征,深入认识钨元素的富集机制,本文对淘锡坑钨矿床云英岩中流体和熔体包裹体进行了岩相学、激光拉曼光谱和显微测温研究。结果表明,云英岩中的流体包裹体可以划分为富液相两相水溶液包裹体、富气相含CO_2水溶液包裹体和纯气相包裹体三类,流体为中—高温、低盐度、低密度的NaCl-H_2O-CO_2-CH_4体系。熔体包裹体主要由钠长石、石英、少量流体相和气相组成,气相部分含有CH_4和微量CO_2。在岩浆热液演化早期阶段,流体氧化还原条件可能发生了改变,发生了CH_4到CO_2的转变,致使流体中CO_2含量增高。在流体演化过程中发生的以CO_2散逸为特征的流体不混溶作用可能是淘锡坑钨矿床形成的重要机制。CO_2对于钨元素的迁移和富集具有重要作用,CO_2的散逸是诱发黑钨矿沉淀富集的重要因素之一。
The Taoxikeng tungsten deposit is a large wolframite deposit in southern Jiangxi Province. In order to reveal the early evolution characteristics of ore-forming fluids and the enrichment mechanism of tungsten, we carried out study of fluid and melt inclusions in greisen by means of petrography, laser Raman spectroscopy and microthermometric experiments. The results show that fluid inclusions can be divided into three types: liquid-rich two-phase aqueous inclusions, vapor-rich CO_2-bearing inclusions and pure gas inclusions. The ore-forming fluids are characterized by medium-high temperature, low salinity and low density, roughly belonging to NaCl-H_2O-CO_2-CH_4 system. Melt inclusions are mainly composed of albite, quartz, with minor amount of fluid and gas, and gas phase contains CH_4 and trace CO_2. In the early stage of magmatic hydrothermal evolution, the redox conditions of the fluid might have been changed, resulting in a shift of CH_4 to CO_2 and an increase in CO_2 content of the fluid. Fluid immiscibility, which is characterized by the dissipation of CO_2, could be the main mechanism responsible for the formation of the Taoxikeng tungsten deposit. Carbon dioxide plays a significant role in the migration and enrichment of tungsten, and the dissipation of CO_2 component is one of the important factors that induce the precipitation and enrichment of wolframite.
The Taoxikeng tungsten deposit is a large wolframite deposit in southern Jiangxi Province. In order to reveal the early evolution characteristics of ore-forming fluids and the enrichment mechanism of tungsten, we carried out study of fluid and melt inclusions in greisen by means of petrography, laser Raman spectroscopy and microthermometric experiments. The results show that fluid inclusions can be divided into three types: liquid-rich two-phase aqueous inclusions, vapor-rich CO_2-bearing inclusions and pure gas inclusions. The ore-forming fluids are characterized by medium-high temperature, low salinity and low density, roughly belonging to NaCl-H_2O-CO_2-CH_4 system. Melt inclusions are mainly composed of albite, quartz, with minor amount of fluid and gas, and gas phase contains CH_4 and trace CO_2. In the early stage of magmatic hydrothermal evolution, the redox conditions of the fluid might have been changed, resulting in a shift of CH_4 to CO_2 and an increase in CO_2 content of the fluid. Fluid immiscibility, which is characterized by the dissipation of CO_2, could be the main mechanism responsible for the formation of the Taoxikeng tungsten deposit. Carbon dioxide plays a significant role in the migration and enrichment of tungsten, and the dissipation of CO_2 component is one of the important factors that induce the precipitation and enrichment of wolframite.
引文
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Fang Guicong, Chen Yuchuan, Zhao Zheng, Chen Zhenghui. 2017.Metallogenic model of Yudu-Ganxian W-polymetallic ore-concentrated area in South Jiangxi Province. Geological Review, 63 (supp.): 215～216 (in Chinese).
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Guo Chunli, Lin Zhiyong, Wang Denghong, Chen Wen, Zhang Yan, Feng Chengyou, Chen Zhenghui, Zeng Zailin, Cai Ruqing. 2008. Petrologic characteristics of the granites and greisens and muscovite 40Ar/39Ar dating in the Taoxikeng tungsten polymetallic deposit, Southern Jiangxi Province. Acta Geologica Sinica, 82 (9): 1274～1284 (in Chinese with English abstract).
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Guo C L, Mao J W, Bierlein F, Chen Z H, Chen Y C, Li C B, Zeng Z L. 2011. SHRIMP U-Pb (zircon), Ar-Ar (muscovite) and Re-Os (molybdenite) isotopic dating of the Taoxikeng tungsten deposit, South China Block. Ore Geology Reviews, 43: 26～39.
Hei Huan. 2012. The research on the geological characteristics and mineralization of Taoxikeng tungsten deposit, South Jiangxi. Chang'an University, 1～109 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Higgins N C. 1980. Fluid inclusion evidence for the transport of tungsten by carbonate complex in hydrothermal solutions. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 17: 823～830.
Higgins N C, Kerrich R. 1982. Progressive 18O depletion during CO2 separation from a carbon dioxide-rich hydrothermal fluid: evidence from the Grey River tungsten deposit, Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 19: 94～100.
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Kokh M A,Akinfiev N N, Pokrovski G S, Salvi S, Guillaume D. 2017. The role of carbon dioxide in the transport and fractionation of metals by geological fluids. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 197: 433～466.
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