气井连续排水型柱塞研制
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摘要
随着大庆油田气井深入开发,积液井数逐年增多稳产难度增大,但常规柱塞排水工艺需关井等待柱塞下落,关井时间长,影响气井产量,同时井筒中的液体灌入地层,造成近井地层气相渗透率下降,形成"水锁",影响气藏采收率。为此,设计了连续排水型柱塞,采用分体式结构,柱塞与密封件井底吸合组成密封柱塞上行举液,到达井口时柱塞与密封件分离,实现柱塞套与钢球分别先后下落,且下落过程中井筒中的气液两相流可通过钢球周围和有中心通道的柱塞套向上流动,减少柱塞下落阻力,提高下落速度,以缩短关井时间;同时利用数值模拟技术与室内试验相结合的方式对柱塞的内外部结构进行优化,提高了柱塞密封性。改进后的连续排水型柱塞可实现不关井连续排水,柱塞密封性良好,可延长气井生产寿命、改善气田开发效果。
With further development of Daqing oilfield, there are more and more liquid-loading gas wells. To keep their production stable gets increasingly difficult. If a drainage process based on conventional plunger is used, these wells have to be shut down when plunger falling, however resulting in longer shutdown time to affect production rate. In addition, wellbore liquid may enter into some strata, leading to the decrease of gas permeability around these wells. And consequently, "water lock" may be formed to impact recovery factor. In this study, one plunge with continuous drainage was designed. And a divided structure was adopted in this design.The plunger and seal were combined together at bottomhole to form a sealing plunger for liquid lifting, and then they separated at the wellhead, so that the plunger sleeve and the steel ball fell successively. During falling, the gas-liquid two-phase flow at wellbore might flow upward through the sleeve with central passage and around steel ball. Thus, the falling resistance of plunger was reduced, the falling speed was increased, and the shutdown time was shortened. Then, its internal and external structure were optimized by numerical simulation and laboratory test, so as to improve its sealing capacity. After an optimization, this capacity was good. By virtue of this optimized plunger, continuous drainage could be realized without shutdown, well service-life was prolonged, and field development was improved.
With further development of Daqing oilfield, there are more and more liquid-loading gas wells. To keep their production stable gets increasingly difficult. If a drainage process based on conventional plunger is used, these wells have to be shut down when plunger falling, however resulting in longer shutdown time to affect production rate. In addition, wellbore liquid may enter into some strata, leading to the decrease of gas permeability around these wells. And consequently, "water lock" may be formed to impact recovery factor. In this study, one plunge with continuous drainage was designed. And a divided structure was adopted in this design.The plunger and seal were combined together at bottomhole to form a sealing plunger for liquid lifting, and then they separated at the wellhead, so that the plunger sleeve and the steel ball fell successively. During falling, the gas-liquid two-phase flow at wellbore might flow upward through the sleeve with central passage and around steel ball. Thus, the falling resistance of plunger was reduced, the falling speed was increased, and the shutdown time was shortened. Then, its internal and external structure were optimized by numerical simulation and laboratory test, so as to improve its sealing capacity. After an optimization, this capacity was good. By virtue of this optimized plunger, continuous drainage could be realized without shutdown, well service-life was prolonged, and field development was improved.
引文
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[3]贾敏,李隽,李楠.柱塞气举排水采气技术进展及应用[J].西部探矿工程,2015,27(7):25-28.Jia Min,Li Jun&Li Nan.The progress and application of drainage gas recovery technology by plunger gas lift[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2015,27(7):25-28.
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[5]杨旭东,白晓弘,李耀德,等.苏里格气田智能柱塞气举排水采气技术研究[J].钻采工艺,2013,36(5):55-57.Yang Xudong,Bai Xiaohong,Li Yaode,et al.Study on drainage gas recovery technique of intelligent plunger lift in Sulige gas field[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2013,36(5):55-57.
[6]杨筱璧,李祖友.川西气田定向井柱塞气举最大井斜应用界限研究[J].钻采工艺,2014,37(6):71-72.Yang Xiaobi&Li Zuyou.Maximum inclination application limit of plunger gas lift in directional well of Chuanxi gas field[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2014,37(6):71-72.
[7]张刚,常鹏旭,王小佳,等.智能柱塞气举排水采气在苏里格西区应用研究[J].石油化工应用,2016,35(7):114-115.Zhang Gang,Chang Pengxu,Wang Xiaojia,et al.Application of intelligent plunger gas-lift drainage gas production in Suligexi district[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2016,35(7):114-115.
[8]李锐,蔡昌新,李勇,等.多模式优化下的柱塞气举排水采气控制系统设计[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(5):673-677.Li Rui,Cai Changxin,Li Yong,et al.Design of control system for water drainage and gas production with plunger lift under multi-mode optimization[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(5):673-677.
[9]党晓峰,吕玉海,陈虎,等.产水井柱塞气举生产制度优化[J].天然气勘探与开发,2016,39(4):40-43.Dang Xiaofeng,LüYuhai,Chen Hu,et al.Optimizing production system of plunger gas lift for water-producing wells[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2016,39(4):40-43.
[10]韩强辉.适用于水平气井的新型自缓充柱塞气举排液装置的设计及应用--以鄂尔多斯盆地长庆气区为例[J].天然气工业,2016,36(12):67-71.Han Qianghui.Design and application of a new self-buffered plunger gas-lift drainage device for horizontal wells:A case study of the Changqing gas province,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(12):67-71.
[11]韩勇,宋志军,白建文,等.柱塞气举排水采气工艺在苏里格气田的应用研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2011,37(4):119-120.Han Yong,Song Zhijun,Bai Jianwen,et al.Research and using of gas lift plunger drainage gas in the Sulige gas field[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2011,37(4):119-120.
[12]李晓芸,解永刚,李耀,等.新型双垫柱塞气举工艺在S209井区的应用[J].石油化工应用,2013,32(2):119-121.Li Xiaoyun,Xie Yonggang,Li Yao,et al.A new double pad plunger gas lift technology in the application of wellblock S209[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2013,32(2):119-121.
[13]董耀文,谭明文,周兴付.柱塞气举在川西地区定向井中的应用研究[J].天然气工业,2011,31(6):53-55.Dong Yaowen,Tan Mingwen&Zhou Xingfu.Application of plunger air lift in directional wells in the Western Sichuan basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(6):53-55.
[14]周俊杰,徐国权,张华俊.Fluent工程技术与实例分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010.Zhou Junjie,Xu Guoquan&Zhang Huajun.Fluent engineering technology and case study[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2010.
[15]任志安,郝点,谢红杰.几种湍流模型及其在FLUENT中的应用[J].化工装备技术,2009,30(2):38-40.Ren Zhian,Hao Dian&Xie Hongjie.Several turbulent models and their application in FLUENT[J].Chemical Equipment Technology,2009,30(2):38-40.
[16]江帆,黄鹏.Fluent高级应用与实例分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008.Jiang Fan&Huang Peng.Fluent advanced application and case study[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2008.
[2]Parsa E E,Ozkan E,Lohmann M,Cathcart D&Lowrey B.Enhanced plunger lift performance utilizing reservoir modeling[C]//SPE Production and Operations Symposium,23-26 March 2013,Oklahoma City,Oklahoma,USA.DOI:10.2118/164473-MS.
[3]贾敏,李隽,李楠.柱塞气举排水采气技术进展及应用[J].西部探矿工程,2015,27(7):25-28.Jia Min,Li Jun&Li Nan.The progress and application of drainage gas recovery technology by plunger gas lift[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2015,27(7):25-28.
[4]李旭日,田伟,李耀德,等.柱塞气举排水采气远程控制系统[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(3):76-79.Li Xuri,Tian Wei,Li Yaode,et al.Remote control system for drainage gas recovery by plunger lift[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(3):76-79.
[5]杨旭东,白晓弘,李耀德,等.苏里格气田智能柱塞气举排水采气技术研究[J].钻采工艺,2013,36(5):55-57.Yang Xudong,Bai Xiaohong,Li Yaode,et al.Study on drainage gas recovery technique of intelligent plunger lift in Sulige gas field[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2013,36(5):55-57.
[6]杨筱璧,李祖友.川西气田定向井柱塞气举最大井斜应用界限研究[J].钻采工艺,2014,37(6):71-72.Yang Xiaobi&Li Zuyou.Maximum inclination application limit of plunger gas lift in directional well of Chuanxi gas field[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2014,37(6):71-72.
[7]张刚,常鹏旭,王小佳,等.智能柱塞气举排水采气在苏里格西区应用研究[J].石油化工应用,2016,35(7):114-115.Zhang Gang,Chang Pengxu,Wang Xiaojia,et al.Application of intelligent plunger gas-lift drainage gas production in Suligexi district[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2016,35(7):114-115.
[8]李锐,蔡昌新,李勇,等.多模式优化下的柱塞气举排水采气控制系统设计[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(5):673-677.Li Rui,Cai Changxin,Li Yong,et al.Design of control system for water drainage and gas production with plunger lift under multi-mode optimization[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(5):673-677.
[9]党晓峰,吕玉海,陈虎,等.产水井柱塞气举生产制度优化[J].天然气勘探与开发,2016,39(4):40-43.Dang Xiaofeng,LüYuhai,Chen Hu,et al.Optimizing production system of plunger gas lift for water-producing wells[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2016,39(4):40-43.
[10]韩强辉.适用于水平气井的新型自缓充柱塞气举排液装置的设计及应用--以鄂尔多斯盆地长庆气区为例[J].天然气工业,2016,36(12):67-71.Han Qianghui.Design and application of a new self-buffered plunger gas-lift drainage device for horizontal wells:A case study of the Changqing gas province,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(12):67-71.
[11]韩勇,宋志军,白建文,等.柱塞气举排水采气工艺在苏里格气田的应用研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2011,37(4):119-120.Han Yong,Song Zhijun,Bai Jianwen,et al.Research and using of gas lift plunger drainage gas in the Sulige gas field[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2011,37(4):119-120.
[12]李晓芸,解永刚,李耀,等.新型双垫柱塞气举工艺在S209井区的应用[J].石油化工应用,2013,32(2):119-121.Li Xiaoyun,Xie Yonggang,Li Yao,et al.A new double pad plunger gas lift technology in the application of wellblock S209[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2013,32(2):119-121.
[13]董耀文,谭明文,周兴付.柱塞气举在川西地区定向井中的应用研究[J].天然气工业,2011,31(6):53-55.Dong Yaowen,Tan Mingwen&Zhou Xingfu.Application of plunger air lift in directional wells in the Western Sichuan basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(6):53-55.
[14]周俊杰,徐国权,张华俊.Fluent工程技术与实例分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010.Zhou Junjie,Xu Guoquan&Zhang Huajun.Fluent engineering technology and case study[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2010.
[15]任志安,郝点,谢红杰.几种湍流模型及其在FLUENT中的应用[J].化工装备技术,2009,30(2):38-40.Ren Zhian,Hao Dian&Xie Hongjie.Several turbulent models and their application in FLUENT[J].Chemical Equipment Technology,2009,30(2):38-40.
[16]江帆,黄鹏.Fluent高级应用与实例分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008.Jiang Fan&Huang Peng.Fluent advanced application and case study[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2008.
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