川北地区灯影组四段优质储层特征及控制因素
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摘要
为了解决川北地区震旦系灯影组四段储层特征和控制因素认识不清的问题,基于四川盆地北缘露头剖面及岩心观测,通过薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、包裹体、阴极发光、储层物性等研究,分析了灯四段储层岩石学、储集空间、成岩作用及物性等特征,并利用地震资料恢复古地貌,探讨了优质储层发育的控制因素。结果表明:川北地区灯四段储层的岩石类型以颗粒粘连白云岩、藻叠层白云岩及粉—细晶白云岩为主,储集空间以藻黏结格架孔、晶间溶孔及近顺层溶蚀孔洞为主,储层总体具有低孔、低渗特征,但局部地区仍具有发育中孔、中高渗优质储层的条件。受裂陷槽边缘古地貌高地控制发育的台缘丘滩、台内丘滩相带是优质储层发育的物质基础,在中—深埋藏阶段与烃源岩热演化有关的埋藏溶蚀作用是控制灯四段储层大量溶蚀孔洞发育的关键,而表生岩溶作用的影响较弱。优质储层位于绵阳—长宁裂陷槽东缘的元坝西—阆中区块,为台缘丘滩与埋藏溶蚀作用叠加部位,它是川北地区灯四段油气勘探的有利区带。
To clear the characteristics and main controlling factors of Dengying Formation reservoir in northern Sichuan Basin,field outcrops and drilling core observation,rock thin-film identification,scanning electron microscopy,inclusion,cathodoluminescence,reservoir physical property testing were used to analyze the characteristics of petrology,reservoir space,diagenesis and physical properties,seismic data were used to recover the ancient geomorphology,and then the main controlling factors of the reservoir were discussed. The results show that the reservoir rocks are mainly composed of particle-bonded dolomite,algal stromatolitic dolomite and silty-fine dolomite. The reservoir space is dominated by algae-bonded lattice pores,intercrystalline dissolved pores and nearlayered dissolved pores. The reservoir generally has the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability,but high-quality reservoirs with medium pore and high permeability are developed in some areas. The platform marginal mounds and platform inner mounds facies controlled by paleo-geomorphic highlands on the edge of the rift trough are the basis for the development of high-quality reservoirs. Buried dissolution associated with thermal evolution of source rocks in the middle-deep burial stage is the key to controlling the development of a large number of dissolved pores in the fourth member of Dengying Formation. Whereas,the epigenetic karst has a weaker impact on the reservoir. High-quality reservoirs are developed in the western Yuanba to Langzhong block in the eastern margin of Mianyang-Changning rift trough,which is the superimposed favorable area for the marginal mounds facies and burial dissolution. It is a favorable gas exploration zone in northern Sichuan Basin.
To clear the characteristics and main controlling factors of Dengying Formation reservoir in northern Sichuan Basin,field outcrops and drilling core observation,rock thin-film identification,scanning electron microscopy,inclusion,cathodoluminescence,reservoir physical property testing were used to analyze the characteristics of petrology,reservoir space,diagenesis and physical properties,seismic data were used to recover the ancient geomorphology,and then the main controlling factors of the reservoir were discussed. The results show that the reservoir rocks are mainly composed of particle-bonded dolomite,algal stromatolitic dolomite and silty-fine dolomite. The reservoir space is dominated by algae-bonded lattice pores,intercrystalline dissolved pores and nearlayered dissolved pores. The reservoir generally has the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability,but high-quality reservoirs with medium pore and high permeability are developed in some areas. The platform marginal mounds and platform inner mounds facies controlled by paleo-geomorphic highlands on the edge of the rift trough are the basis for the development of high-quality reservoirs. Buried dissolution associated with thermal evolution of source rocks in the middle-deep burial stage is the key to controlling the development of a large number of dissolved pores in the fourth member of Dengying Formation. Whereas,the epigenetic karst has a weaker impact on the reservoir. High-quality reservoirs are developed in the western Yuanba to Langzhong block in the eastern margin of Mianyang-Changning rift trough,which is the superimposed favorable area for the marginal mounds facies and burial dissolution. It is a favorable gas exploration zone in northern Sichuan Basin.
引文
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[2]李国玉,陈启林,白云来,等.再论海相沉积是中国石油工业未来的希望.岩性油气藏,2014,26(6):1-7.LI G Y,CHEN Q L,BAI Y L,et al. Marine sediment:the future expectation of China’s petroleum industry. Lithologic Reservoirs,2014,26(6):1-7.
[3]毛治国,崔景伟,綦宗金,等.风化壳储层分类、特征及油气勘探方向.岩性油气藏,2018,30(2):12-22.MAO Z G,CUI J W,QI Z J,et al. Classification,characteristics and petroleum exploration of weathering crust reservoir.Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(2):12-22.
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[5]向芳,陈洪德,张锦泉,等.资阳地区震旦系古岩溶储层特征及预测.天然气勘探与开发,1998(4):23-28.XIANG F,CHEN H D,ZHANG J Q,et al. Characteristics and prediction of the Sinian paleo-karst reservoirs in Ziyang area.Natural Gas Exploration and Development,1998(4):23-28.
[6]魏国齐,杜金虎,徐春春,等.四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系—寒武系大型气藏特征与聚集模式.石油学报,2015,36(1):1-12.WEI G Q,DU J H,XU C C,et al. Characteristics and accumulation modes of large gas reservoirs in Sinian-Cambrian of GaoshitiMoxi region,Sichuan Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(1):1-12.
[7]刘树根,宋金民,罗平,等.四川盆地深层微生物碳酸盐岩储层特征及其油气勘探前景.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(2):129-152.LIU S G,SONG J M,LUO P,et al. Characteristics of microbial carbonate reservoir and its hydrocarbon exploring outlook in the Sichuan Basin,China. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Sciences&Technology Edition),2016,43(2):129-152.
[8]陈娅娜,沈安江,潘立银,等.微生物白云岩储集层特征、成因和分布:以四川盆地震旦系灯影组四段为例.石油勘探与开发,2017,44(5):704-715.CHEN Y N,SHEN A J,PAN L Y,et al. Features,origin and distribution of microbial dolomite reservoirs:a case study of4 th member of Sinian Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin,SW China. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(5):704-715.
[9]冯明友,强子同,沈平,等.四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系灯影组热液白云岩证据.石油学报,2016,37(5):587-598.FENG M Y,QIANG Z T,SHEN P,et al. Evidence for hydrothermal dolomite of Sinian Dengying Formation in GaoshitiMoxi area,Sichuan Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(5):587-598.
[10]罗冰,杨跃明,罗文军,等.川中古隆起灯影组储层发育控制因素及展布.石油学报,2015,36(4):416-426.LUO B,YANG Y M,LUO W J,et al. Controlling factors and distribution of reservoir development in Dengying Formation of paleo-uplift in central Sichuan Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(4):416-426.
[11]郝毅,杨迅,王宇峰,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组表生岩溶作用研究.沉积与特提斯地质,2017,37(1):48-54.HAO Y,YANG X,WANG Y F,et al. Supergene karstification in the Sinian Dengying Formation,Sichuan Basin. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2017,37(1):48-54.
[12]李博媛,张殿伟,庞雄奇,等.川北米仓山地区震旦系灯影组差异化岩溶作用分析.天然气地球科学,2015,26(11):2075-2084.LI B Y,ZHANG D W,PANG X Q,et al. Differential karstification analysis of the Sinian Dengying Formation in northern Sichuan. Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(11):2075-2084.
[13]刘树根,孙玮,李智武,等.四川叠合盆地海相碳酸盐岩油气分布特征及其构造主控因素.岩性油气藏,2016,28(5):1-17.LIU S G,SUN W,LI Z W,et al. Distribution characteristics of marine carbonate reservoirs and their tectonic controlling factors across the Sichuan superimposed basin. Lithologic Reservoirs,2016,28(5):1-17.
[14]周进高,张建勇,邓红婴,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组岩相古地理与沉积模式.天然气工业,2017,37(1):24-31.ZHOU J G,ZHANG J Y,DENG H Y,et al. Lithofacies paleogeography and sedimentary model of Sinian Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(1):24-31.
[15]魏国齐,杨威,杜金虎,等.四川盆地震旦纪—早寒武世克拉通内裂陷地质特征.天然气工业,2015,35(1):24-35.WEI G Q,YANG W,DU J H,et al. Geological characteristics of the Sinian-Early Cambrian intracratonic rift,Sichuan Basin.Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(1):24-35.
[16]张荫本,唐泽尧,陈季高.粘结岩分类及应用.天然气勘探与开发,1996,23(4):24-33.ZHANG Y B,TANG Z Y,CHEN J G. Bonded rock classification and application. Natural Gas Exploration and Development,1996,23(4):24-33.
[17]文龙,王文之,张健,等.川中高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系灯影组碳酸盐岩岩石类型及分布规律.岩石学报,2017,33(4):1285-1294.WEN L,WANG W Z,ZHANG J,et al. Classification of Sinian Dengying Formation and sedimentary evolution mechanism of Gaoshiti-Moxi area in central Sichuan Basin. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2017,33(4):1285-1294.
[18]关新,陈世加,苏旺,等.四川盆地西北部栖霞组碳酸盐岩储层特征及主控因素.岩性油气藏,2018,30(2):67-76.GUAN X,CHEN S J,SU W,et al. Carbonate reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of Middle Permian Qixia Formation in NW Sichuan Basin. Lithologic Reservoirs,2018,30(2):67-76.
[19]江文剑,侯明才,邢凤存,等.川东南地区娄山关群白云岩储层特征及主控因素.岩性油气藏,2016,28(5):47.JIANG W J,HOU M C,XING F C,et al. Characteristics and main controlling factors of dolomite reservoirs of Cambrian Loushanguan Group in the southeastern Sichuan Basin. Lithologic Reservoirs,2016,28(5):47.
[20]朱东亚,金之钧,张荣强,等.震旦系灯影组白云岩多级次岩溶储层叠合发育特征及机制.地学前缘,2014,21(6):335-345.ZHU D Y,JIN Z J,ZHANG R Q,et al. Characteristics and developing mechanism of Sinian Dengying Formation dolomite reservoir with multi-stage karst. Earth Science Frontiers,2014,21(6):335-345.
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