玛湖致密砾岩油藏水平井体积压裂技术适应性分析
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摘要
细分切割体积压裂技术已在玛湖11个致密砾岩油藏应用118井次,验证了工艺的针对性和可操作性,压裂工程参数指标不断取得突破,水平井生产效果显著提升,但合理压裂工程参数与最优生产效果间的匹配关系仍不确定。为了优选合理的工程技术参数范围以指导后续水平井压裂设计,也为了提高致密砾岩油藏开发综合效益,开展体积压裂技术适应性研究。通过数据统计和趋势预测等分析手段,将水平井压后产量、压力等生产数据与体积压裂方式、完井压裂工艺、裂缝参数、压裂规模、压裂材料选型等压裂工程参数相对应开展分析。研究表明,针对物性较差的常压油藏,合理的压裂裂缝间距为25～35m,合理改造规模为加砂强度1.2～1.5m~3/m、砂液比(1∶17)～(1∶20);针对物性较好的异常高压油藏,合理的压裂裂缝间距为40m左右,合理改造规模为加砂强度1.0～1.2m~3/m、砂液比(1∶15)～(1∶17)。同时证明,精准定点有控压裂可在同等条件下将改造效果提高20%以上;在油藏埋深小于3500m、闭合应力低于55MPa的区块,石英砂可有效替代陶粒,具备进一步扩大应用规模的条件。
Partitioned volume fracturing has been applied in 118 wells in 11 tight conglomerate reservoirs in Mahu oilfield, proving the technique's suitability and operability. However, the best matching between rational fracturing parameters and optimal production results is still uncertain. In order to define the rational engineering technical parameters to guide the subsequent horizontal well fracturing design and also improve the comprehensive benefits of tight conglomerate reservoir development, the adaptability of horizontal well volume fracturing was studied through correlating the production data(e.g., post-fracturing production and pressure) to the fracturing engineering parameters(e.g.,volume fracturing method, completion fracturing process, fracture parameters, fracturing scale and fracturing materials). The results show that the rational fracture spacing, sanding rate and sand-to-liquid ratio are 25–35 m, 1.2–1.5 m~3/m, and 1:17–1:20 respectively for normal pressure reservoirs with poor physical properties, and about 40 m, 1.0–1.2 m~3/m, and 1:15–1:17 respectively for abnormally high-pressure reservoirs with good physical properties. In addition, it is proved that precise fixed-point and controlled fracturing stimulation can increase post-fracturing production by more than 20% under the same conditions. In the block where the reservoir depth is less than 3500 m and the closing stress is lower than 55 MPa, quartz sand can effectively replace ceramsite, so it is promising for wider application.
Partitioned volume fracturing has been applied in 118 wells in 11 tight conglomerate reservoirs in Mahu oilfield, proving the technique's suitability and operability. However, the best matching between rational fracturing parameters and optimal production results is still uncertain. In order to define the rational engineering technical parameters to guide the subsequent horizontal well fracturing design and also improve the comprehensive benefits of tight conglomerate reservoir development, the adaptability of horizontal well volume fracturing was studied through correlating the production data(e.g., post-fracturing production and pressure) to the fracturing engineering parameters(e.g.,volume fracturing method, completion fracturing process, fracture parameters, fracturing scale and fracturing materials). The results show that the rational fracture spacing, sanding rate and sand-to-liquid ratio are 25–35 m, 1.2–1.5 m~3/m, and 1:17–1:20 respectively for normal pressure reservoirs with poor physical properties, and about 40 m, 1.0–1.2 m~3/m, and 1:15–1:17 respectively for abnormally high-pressure reservoirs with good physical properties. In addition, it is proved that precise fixed-point and controlled fracturing stimulation can increase post-fracturing production by more than 20% under the same conditions. In the block where the reservoir depth is less than 3500 m and the closing stress is lower than 55 MPa, quartz sand can effectively replace ceramsite, so it is promising for wider application.
引文
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[5]徐黎明,王利明,牛小兵,郝炳英,阎逸群,陈斯宇,等.致密油藏体积压裂水平井动用规律——以长庆油田为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(6):87-93.Xu Liming,Wang Liming,Niu Xiaobing,Hao Bingying,Yan Yiqun,Chen Siyu,et al.Drainage boundary laws of horizontal well with stimulated reservoir volume fracturing in tight oil reservoirs:a case study of Changqing oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016,23(6):87-93.
[6]杜保健,程林松,曹仁义,李长勇,张健.致密油藏体积压裂水平井开发效果[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2014,33(1):96-101.Du Baojian,Cheng Linsong,Cao Renyi,Li Changyong,Zhang Jian.Development effects of the volumetric fracturing horizontal well in tight oil reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2014,33(1):96-101.
[7]王瑞.致密油藏水平井体积压裂效果影响因素分析[J].特种油气藏,2015,22(2):126-128.Wang Rui.Analysis on influential factors for volumetric fracturing effects in horizontal well in tight reservoir[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2015,22(2):126-128.
[8]梁成刚,唐伏平,谢建勇,石彦,刘进军,吴承美,等.致密油藏水平井压裂后油压特征及压裂效果分析——以昌吉油田3口水平井为例[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(1):63-66.Liang Chenggang,Tang Fuping,Xie Jianyong,Shi Yan,Liu Jinjun,Wu Chengmei,et al.Tubing pressure characteristics and fracturing response analysis of horizontal well in tight reservoir:an example from three horizontal wells in Changji oilfield of eastern Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2014,35(1):63-66.
[9]杨孝,冯胜斌,王炯,牛小兵,尤源,梁晓伟,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段致密油储层应力敏感性及影响因素[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(5):64-71.Yang Xiao,Feng Shengbin,Wang Jiong,Niu Xiaobing,You Yuan,Liang Xiaowei,et al.Stress sensitivity and its influence factors of tight oil reservoir in Chang 7 Member Ordos Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(5):64-71.
[10]杨向同,滕起,张杨,于银华,李伟,冯觉勇,等.地质工程一体化支撑下的裂缝性致密砂岩气藏压后评估及产能预测方法研究[J].中国石油勘探,2018,23(2):104-116.Yang Xiangtong,Teng Qi,Zhang Yang,Yu Yinhua,Li Wei,Feng Jueyong,et al.Post hydraulic fracturing evaluation and productivity prediction method of fractured tight sandstone gas reservoirs supported by geology-engineering integration[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2018,23(2):104-116.
[11]林旺,范洪富,王志平,童敏,王少军,刘立峰.致密油藏体积压裂水平井产量预测研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(6):107-113.Lin Wang,Fan Hongfu,Wang Zhiping,Tong Min,Wang Shaojun,Liu Lifeng.Prediction on production of volume fractured horizontal well in tight reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(6):107-113.
[12]林旺,范洪富,刘立峰,孙兵.工程参数对致密油藏压裂水平井产能的影响[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(6):120-126.Lin Wang,Fan Hongfu,Liu Lifeng,Sun Bing.Effect of engineering parameters on fractured horizontal well productivity in tight oil reservoirs Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(6):120-126.
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