不同龄组柳杉人工林土壤肥力特征
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摘要
为了研究林龄对柳杉人工林土壤肥力的影响,选取黔中平坝区大坡林场5个龄组(幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林、成熟林、过熟林)柳杉人工林为研究对象,对5个龄组不同土层土壤肥力进行研究。结果表明:林龄对柳杉人工林土壤理化性质有显著影响。随着林龄的增加,土壤含水量、有机质、全氮、速效氮、全钾增加,土壤容重、速效磷、全磷先降低后增加,孔隙度先增加后减小,速效钾先升高后降低再增加,pH值降低;土层对土壤酸碱度和容重没有显著影响,但对其他理化性质有显著影响。随着土层的加深,土壤含水量先减少后增加,容重逐渐增大,孔隙度逐渐减小,有机质、氮、磷、钾具有表面聚集效应。土壤各项肥力指标之间有密切联系。对不同龄组柳杉人工林的土壤肥力进行了分析评价,土壤肥力由高到低依次为过熟林>成熟林>近熟林>中龄林>幼龄林。
In order to study the effect of forest age on the soil fertility of a Cryptomeria fortunei plantation, the young, middle aged, near mature, mature, and over mature Cryptomeria fortunei forests of Pingba Dapo Forest Farm in Guizhou Province, China were chosen for study. The fertility of the 0-30 cm soil layer was analyzed. The results showed that the forest age had a significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The soil water content, organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, and total potassium all increased with age. The soil bulk density, available phosphorus, and total phosphorus decreased first and then increased with age. The porosity increased first and then decreased with age. The available potassium increased first, then decreased, then gradually increased with age. The pH decreased with age. The soil layer had no significant effect on pH and bulk density, but had significant effects on other physical and chemical properties. The soil water content decreased first and then increased with increasing soil depth. The soil bulk density increased with increasing soil depth, whereas the porosity decreased with increasing soil depth. The organic matter(OM), nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) content also decreased with increasing soil depth. There were close relationships between the soil fertility indicators. The soil fertility of different age groups was analyzed and evaluated; the soil fertility from high to low followed the order: over mature forest>mature forest>near mature forest>middle age forest>young forest.
In order to study the effect of forest age on the soil fertility of a Cryptomeria fortunei plantation, the young, middle aged, near mature, mature, and over mature Cryptomeria fortunei forests of Pingba Dapo Forest Farm in Guizhou Province, China were chosen for study. The fertility of the 0-30 cm soil layer was analyzed. The results showed that the forest age had a significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The soil water content, organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, and total potassium all increased with age. The soil bulk density, available phosphorus, and total phosphorus decreased first and then increased with age. The porosity increased first and then decreased with age. The available potassium increased first, then decreased, then gradually increased with age. The pH decreased with age. The soil layer had no significant effect on pH and bulk density, but had significant effects on other physical and chemical properties. The soil water content decreased first and then increased with increasing soil depth. The soil bulk density increased with increasing soil depth, whereas the porosity decreased with increasing soil depth. The organic matter(OM), nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) content also decreased with increasing soil depth. There were close relationships between the soil fertility indicators. The soil fertility of different age groups was analyzed and evaluated; the soil fertility from high to low followed the order: over mature forest>mature forest>near mature forest>middle age forest>young forest.
引文
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[29] 张倩,韩贵琳,柳满,等.贵州普定喀斯特关键带土壤磷分布特征及其控制因素[J].生态学杂志,2019,38(2):321-328.
[30] 张泽辉,程顺,侯海潮.不同林龄华北落叶松人工林土壤化学性质[J].林业与生态科学,2018,33(3):270-274.
[31] 张珂,苏永中,王婷,等.荒漠绿洲区不同种植年限人工梭梭林土壤化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(11):3 235-3 243.
[2] BENJAMINSEN T A,AUNE J B,SIDIBé D.A critical political ecology of cotton and soil fertility in Mali[J].Geoforum,2010,41(4):647-656.
[3] 王静,徐爽,闫涛,等.土壤养分对辽东山区主要阔叶树种幼苗生长的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(11):3 148-3 159.
[4] 孙千惠,吴霞,王媚臻,等.林分密度对马尾松林林下物种多样性和土壤理化性质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(3):732-738.
[5] 赵伟文,梁文俊,魏曦.不同林分类型对土壤理化性质特征的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2019,39(2):61-68.
[6] 陆荣杰,王莺,吴家森,等.不同经营方式毛竹林氮流失年动态规律[J].自然资源学报,2019,34(6):1 296-1 305.
[7] 王纪杰,王炳南,李宝福,等.不同林龄巨尾桉人工林土壤养分变化[J].森林与环境学报,2016,36(1):8-14.
[8] 宋依璇,邓继峰,李景浩,等.辽西北典型人工林地不同坡位土壤养分特征及与林木生长性状的关系[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(3):18-24.
[9] 江希钿,林文清,陈兆算,等.柳杉单木直径生长及形状指数模型[J].福建林学院学报,1995,15(3):267-271.
[10] 李国会,温国胜,田海涛,等.天目山不同海拔高度柳杉瘿瘤病对柳杉健康的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,2010,27(4):483-488.
[11] 覃世杰,李况,莫德祥,等.桂东南柳杉人工林生物量回归模型应用研究[J].南方农业学报,2013,44(2):261-265.
[12] 张勇,胡海波,王增,等.凤阳山4种森林土壤在不同温度培养下活性有机碳的变化[J].浙江农林大学学报,2018,35(2):243-251.
[13] 蒋倩,姚俊宇,伍炫蓓,等.川西周公山柳杉人工林林窗大小对土壤理化性质和物种多样性的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(4):326-332.
[14] 郝建锋,李艳,王德艺,等.雅安市谢家山两种密度柳杉人工林群落结构和物种多样性研究[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(2):217-223.
[15] 覃世杰,覃德文,聂珍臻,等.柳杉人工林经济效益评价[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(1):269-272.
[16] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[17] IRMAK S,SHARMA V,MOHAMMED A T,et al.Impacts of cover crops on soil physical properties:field capacity,permanent wilting point,soil-water holding capacity,bulk density,hydraulic conductivity,and infiltration[J].Transactions of the ASABE,2018,61(4):1 307-1 321.
[18] 魏晓婷,雷泽勇,韩辉.章古台沙地不同林龄樟子松人工林土壤水分研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(6):115-121.
[19] SHUKLA G,PALAN A,CHAKRAVARTY S.Quantification of organic carbon and primary nutrients in litter and soil in a foothill forest plantation of eastern Himalaya[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2017,28(6):1 195-1 202.
[20] 邱新彩,彭道黎,李伟丽,等.北京延庆区不同林龄油松人工林土壤理化性质[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(2):221-229.
[21] 张晓,顾凤岐.应用主成分分析对土壤肥力的评价[J].东北林业大学学报,2019,47(2):47-49.
[22] 王云霞,马军.不同林龄华北落叶松白桦混交林土壤微生物量碳氮含量研究[J].林业资源管理,2018(4):55-60.
[23] 刘杰,马履一,贾忠奎,等.不同林龄华北落叶松林下土壤理化性质及微生物学指标评价[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(6):88-93.
[24] 杨志训,秦连岗.不同林龄马尾松人工林表层土壤养分特征分析[J].林业资源管理,2014(3):101-104.
[25] Lü H,LIANG Z.Dynamics of soil organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon in Robina pseudoacacia forests[J].Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2012,12(4):763-774.
[26] 李永涛,王振猛,李宗泰,等.黄河三角洲不同林龄柽柳人工林土壤养分及生物学特性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(4):89-94.
[27] BATYSTA M,BORüVKA L,DRáBEK O,et al.Laboratory assay of aluminium transport through intact soil sample under controlled conditions[J].Soil and Water Research,2010,5(2):69-74.
[28] 宋贤冲,项东云,郭丽梅,等.猫儿山森林土壤养分的空间变化特征[J].森林与环境学报,2016,36(3):349-354.
[29] 张倩,韩贵琳,柳满,等.贵州普定喀斯特关键带土壤磷分布特征及其控制因素[J].生态学杂志,2019,38(2):321-328.
[30] 张泽辉,程顺,侯海潮.不同林龄华北落叶松人工林土壤化学性质[J].林业与生态科学,2018,33(3):270-274.
[31] 张珂,苏永中,王婷,等.荒漠绿洲区不同种植年限人工梭梭林土壤化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(11):3 235-3 243.
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