四川盆地龙马溪组页岩气缝网压裂改造甜点识别新方法
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摘要
压裂改造甜点的准确识别是页岩气储层水力压裂实现经济产能的关键之一。以四川盆地奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组一段页岩为研究对象,考虑储层成层性、脆性矿物和天然弱面发育特征等压裂改造关键影响因素,引入综合脆性指数、储层层理与裂缝指数和缝网扩展指数,整合为缝网压裂甜点指数,建立四川盆地龙马溪组页岩气缝网压裂改造甜点识别方法。研究表明:储层层理与裂缝指数介于0.5～0.6之间,综合脆性指数介于0.55～0.6之间,缝网扩展指数大于0.6,缝网压裂甜点指数大于0.55的储层,层理发育明显、基质碳酸盐矿物较多、天然裂缝发育适度且充填程度高的页岩可获得较好压裂改造效果,最具改造潜力,能有效改造储层实现缝网压裂,是体积压裂改造的甜点。研究成果与矿场微地震监测和产气剖面解释结果较为一致,对储层压裂改造的选层选段和压裂方案设计具有理论支撑和现场指导意义。
The key to obtain economic productivity on shale gas reservoir stimulation is to identify the fracturing sweet spots.Considered some factors on stimulation such as layered property,brittle minerals contents and natural weak plane feature which are in Wufeng Formation to Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin,layered index,brittleness index and fracture network probability index had been proposed to establish the network-fracturing sweet spot index and a method to identify fracturing sweet spot based on shale facies.It was concluded that shale reservoir,with layered index between 0.5 and 0.6,brittleness index between 0.55 and 0.6,fracture network probability index between 0.6 and 1.0,network-fracturing sweet spot index between 0.55 and 1.0,as the fracturing sweet spot,has preponderant stimulation potential and efficient network-fracturing due to visible layered property,and high proportion of carbonate.Moderate development of packed fractures could obtain better stimulation.The conclusions agree with the result of microseismic monitoring and production profile.The method could be a theoretical foundation and live guidance for providing strategy and design scheme for fracturing.
The key to obtain economic productivity on shale gas reservoir stimulation is to identify the fracturing sweet spots.Considered some factors on stimulation such as layered property,brittle minerals contents and natural weak plane feature which are in Wufeng Formation to Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin,layered index,brittleness index and fracture network probability index had been proposed to establish the network-fracturing sweet spot index and a method to identify fracturing sweet spot based on shale facies.It was concluded that shale reservoir,with layered index between 0.5 and 0.6,brittleness index between 0.55 and 0.6,fracture network probability index between 0.6 and 1.0,network-fracturing sweet spot index between 0.55 and 1.0,as the fracturing sweet spot,has preponderant stimulation potential and efficient network-fracturing due to visible layered property,and high proportion of carbonate.Moderate development of packed fractures could obtain better stimulation.The conclusions agree with the result of microseismic monitoring and production profile.The method could be a theoretical foundation and live guidance for providing strategy and design scheme for fracturing.
引文
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[9]Liu Zhishui,Sun Zandong.New brittleness indexes and their application in shale/clay gas reservoir prediction[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(1):117-124.刘致水,孙赞东.新型脆性因子及其在泥页岩储集层预测中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(1):117-124.
[10]Lin Ran.Dynamic Simulation of Stimulated Reservoir Volume(SRV)During Hydraulic Fracturing in Horizontal Shale Gas Well[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2018.林然.页岩压裂水平井SRV动态模拟的理论研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2018.
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[16]Shen Cheng.Research on geological influence mechanisms for fracture network forming and its application on reservoir comprehensive evaluation[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2018.沈骋.页岩缝网形成的地质影响机制及储层综合评价研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2018.
[17]Deng Jixin,Tang Zhengyuan,Li Yue,et al.The influence of the diagenetic process on seismic rock physical properties of Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation shale[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2018,61(2):659-672.邓继新,唐郑元,李越,等.成岩过程对五峰组-龙马溪组页岩地震岩石物理特征的影响[J].地球物理学报,2018,61(2):659-672.
[18]Xiong Xiaojun,Li Xiang,Liu Yang,et al.Shear wave velocity estimation method by the porosity classification based on the self-consistent model[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(2):179-184.熊晓军,李翔,刘阳,等.基于孔隙分类理论的自相容模型横波速度预测方法[J].石油物探,2017,56(2):179-184.
[19]Ou Chenghua,Li Chaochun.3Ddiscrete network modeling of shale bedding fractures based on lithofacies characterization[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(2):309-318.欧成华,李朝纯.页岩岩相表征及页理缝三维离散网络模型[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(2):309-318.
[20]Dong Dazhong,Shi Zhensheng,Sun Shasha,et al.Factors controlling microfractures in black shale:A case study of Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Shuanghe Profile,Changning area,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(5):1-12.董大忠,施振生,孙莎莎,等.黑色页岩微裂缝发育控制因素---以长宁双河剖面五峰组-龙马溪组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(5):1-12.
[21]Zhang Dongxiao,Yang Tingyun.An overview of shale-gas production[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(4):792-801.张东晓,杨婷云.页岩气开发综述[J].石油学报,2013,34(4):792-801.
[22]Olson J E,Bahorich B,Holder J.Examining hydraulic fracture natural fracture interaction in hydrostone block experiments[C]∥SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference,6-8February 2012,The Woodlands,Texas,USA.DOI:http:∥dx.doi.org/10.2118/152618-MS.
[23]Zhao Wentao,Hou Guiting,Zhang Juzeng,et al.Study on the development law of structural fractures of Yanchang Formation in Longdongarea,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2015,51(6):1047-1058.赵文韬,侯贵廷,张居增,等.层厚与岩性控制裂缝发育的力学机理研究---以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组为例[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2015,51(6):1047-1058.
[24]Hu Degao,Liu Chao.Geological factors of well fracability in Fuling shale gas field,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2018,40(1):20-24.胡德高,刘超.四川盆地涪陵页岩气田单井可压性地质因素研究[J].石油实验地质,2018,40(1):20-24.
[25]Chen Jianguo,Deng Jingen,Yuan Junliang,et al.Determination of fracture toughness of modes I andⅡof shale formation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(6):1101-1105.陈建国,邓金根,袁俊亮,等.页岩储层I型和Ⅱ型断裂韧性评价方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(6):1101-1105.
[26]Zhao Jinzhou,Li Yongming,Wang Song,et al.Simulation of a complex fracture network Influenced by natural fractures[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(1):68-73.赵金洲,李勇明,王松,等.天然裂缝影响下的复杂压裂裂缝网络模拟[J].天然气工业,2014,34(1):68-73.
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