FAST大型岩溶洼地场地岩土治理关键技术研究
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摘要
FAST(500m口径球面射电望远镜)选址于大型岩溶洼地,洼地的工程地质和水文地质条件极为复杂,台址开挖制约因素多并相互交叉影响,技术难度大,岩土治理具有独特性和开创性,该课题取得如下创新性成果:①建立大型岩溶洼地开挖中心多目标多属性优化决策的分析确定方法,求解出性能最佳、造价最低、地质危害最小的开挖中心空间坐标;②针对含有较大粒径的岩堆,基于离散元计算结果,提出岩堆主动土压力的计算方法,并提出适用于山区的岩堆整体补强加固结构;③针对大型岩溶洼地边坡外形特点,分析凸坡、凹坡的稳定性及影响因素,并分析望远镜下拉索拉力作用对球冠形边坡稳定性的影响;④针对两处裂隙发育强烈的超高岩质边坡的静动力稳定性进行离散元模拟,根据所揭示出的破坏模式提出相应的加固措施;⑤根据FAST洼地的地貌特征,采用人工泄水隧道与天然岩溶管道流相结合的排泄系统,建立起大型岩溶洼地综合防洪、排水系统,有效地降低地表水、地下水对FAST工程的影响。课题成果在FAST工程中得到全面的成功应用,为射电望远镜国家科研重大基础设施建设的顺利实施提供重要支撑。
FAST(five-hundred-meter aperture spherical telescope) is constructed in a large karst depression with very complex geological and hydraulical conditions. Despite immense difficulties in geotechnical engineering,great success has been achieved with a number of novelties:(1) a method is proposed to identify the optimal coordination of the excavation center, which leads to a minimum construction cost as well as minimum impact on environment;(2) a new retaining structure supporting rock blocks is adopted, with a method being proposed to calculate the active earth pressure of rock blocks based on DEM simulation;(3) the influence of slope shape on its stability is analyzed using FEM strength reduction method, and the influence of cable tension on the slope stability is also investigated;(4) the static and dynamic stability of two super-high rock slopes is analyzed using UDEC, based on which proper remediation work is taken;(5) based on the geological and hydraulical conditions of the karst depression, a drainage tunnel is constructed to prevent flooding along with the natural karst pipeline flow. These achievements have been used successfully in FAST, which can provide reference for the construction of Chinese telescope infrastructure.
FAST(five-hundred-meter aperture spherical telescope) is constructed in a large karst depression with very complex geological and hydraulical conditions. Despite immense difficulties in geotechnical engineering,great success has been achieved with a number of novelties:(1) a method is proposed to identify the optimal coordination of the excavation center, which leads to a minimum construction cost as well as minimum impact on environment;(2) a new retaining structure supporting rock blocks is adopted, with a method being proposed to calculate the active earth pressure of rock blocks based on DEM simulation;(3) the influence of slope shape on its stability is analyzed using FEM strength reduction method, and the influence of cable tension on the slope stability is also investigated;(4) the static and dynamic stability of two super-high rock slopes is analyzed using UDEC, based on which proper remediation work is taken;(5) based on the geological and hydraulical conditions of the karst depression, a drainage tunnel is constructed to prevent flooding along with the natural karst pipeline flow. These achievements have been used successfully in FAST, which can provide reference for the construction of Chinese telescope infrastructure.
引文
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[3]Zhu Boqin.The FAST/SKA site selection in Guizhou province[J].Astrophysics and Space Science,2001,278(1/2):213-218
[4]沈世钊,范峰,钱宏亮.FAST主动反射面支承结构总体方案研究[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(12):1-8(Shen Shizhao,Fan Feng,Qian Hongliang.Research on support structure scheme for active reflector of FAST[J].Journal of Building Structures,2010,31(12):1-8(in Chinese))
[5]段黎.贵州喀斯特岩溶洼地内岩堆体成因分析及稳定性分析[J].贵州大学学报:自然科学版,2014,31(6):61-64(Duan Li.The analysis of the causes of Guizhou Karst depressions rock debris slope[J].Journal of Guizhou University:Natural Sciences,2014,31(6):61-64(in Chinese))
[6]殷跃平,李廷强,唐军.四川省丹巴县城滑坡失稳及应急加固研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):971-978(Yin Yueping,Li Tingqiang,Tang Jun.Landslide reaction and emergency stabilization on Danba Country Town in Sichuan province[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):971-978(in Chinese))
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[8]Fang Y S,Ishibashi I.Static earth pressures with various wall movements[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1986,112(3):317-333
[9]沈志平,袁江文,朱军.岩堆整体补强加固结构:中国,ZL201420610673.4.2015.1.21[P].2014-10-22(Shen Zhiping,Yuan Jiangwen,Zhu Jun.Overall reinforced structure for talus:China,ZL201420610673.4.2015.1.21[P].2014-10-22(in Chinese))
[10]Hoek E,Bray J W.Rock slope engineering[M].London:The Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1991
[11]Baker R,Leshchinsky D.Stability analysis of conical heaps[J].Soils Found,1987,27(4):99-110
[12]Farzaneh O,Askari F,Ganjian N.Three-dimensional stability analysis of convex slopes in plan view[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2008,134(8):1192-1200
[13]赵衡,宋二祥.圆形凸坡的稳定性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(5):730-737(Zhao Heng,Song Erxiang.Stability analysis of circular convex slopes[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(5):730-737(in Chinese))
[14]宋二祥.土工结构安全系数的有限元计算[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(2):4-10(Song Erxiang.Finite element analysis of safety factor for soil structures[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1997,19(2):4-10(in Chinese))
[15]Itasca Consulting Group,Inc..UDEC-Universal distinct element code,Version 4[M].Minneapolis,MN:Itasca Consutting Group Inc.,2004
[16]沈志平,王鸿,吴斌.FAST台址岩溶洼地的排水对策[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(4):43-47(Shen Zhiping,Wang Hong,Wu Bin.Countermeasures for drainage of Karst depression for substrate of FAST[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2016,47(4):43-47(in Chinese))
[2]聂跃平.探索宇宙奥秘的巨大“天眼”--贵州500m口径球面射电望远镜(FAST)工程遥感选址[J].遥感学报,2009,13(增1):353-363
[3]Zhu Boqin.The FAST/SKA site selection in Guizhou province[J].Astrophysics and Space Science,2001,278(1/2):213-218
[4]沈世钊,范峰,钱宏亮.FAST主动反射面支承结构总体方案研究[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(12):1-8(Shen Shizhao,Fan Feng,Qian Hongliang.Research on support structure scheme for active reflector of FAST[J].Journal of Building Structures,2010,31(12):1-8(in Chinese))
[5]段黎.贵州喀斯特岩溶洼地内岩堆体成因分析及稳定性分析[J].贵州大学学报:自然科学版,2014,31(6):61-64(Duan Li.The analysis of the causes of Guizhou Karst depressions rock debris slope[J].Journal of Guizhou University:Natural Sciences,2014,31(6):61-64(in Chinese))
[6]殷跃平,李廷强,唐军.四川省丹巴县城滑坡失稳及应急加固研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):971-978(Yin Yueping,Li Tingqiang,Tang Jun.Landslide reaction and emergency stabilization on Danba Country Town in Sichuan province[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):971-978(in Chinese))
[7]Cundall P,Strack O.A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies[J].Geotechnique,1979,16(4):47-65
[8]Fang Y S,Ishibashi I.Static earth pressures with various wall movements[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1986,112(3):317-333
[9]沈志平,袁江文,朱军.岩堆整体补强加固结构:中国,ZL201420610673.4.2015.1.21[P].2014-10-22(Shen Zhiping,Yuan Jiangwen,Zhu Jun.Overall reinforced structure for talus:China,ZL201420610673.4.2015.1.21[P].2014-10-22(in Chinese))
[10]Hoek E,Bray J W.Rock slope engineering[M].London:The Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1991
[11]Baker R,Leshchinsky D.Stability analysis of conical heaps[J].Soils Found,1987,27(4):99-110
[12]Farzaneh O,Askari F,Ganjian N.Three-dimensional stability analysis of convex slopes in plan view[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2008,134(8):1192-1200
[13]赵衡,宋二祥.圆形凸坡的稳定性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(5):730-737(Zhao Heng,Song Erxiang.Stability analysis of circular convex slopes[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(5):730-737(in Chinese))
[14]宋二祥.土工结构安全系数的有限元计算[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(2):4-10(Song Erxiang.Finite element analysis of safety factor for soil structures[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1997,19(2):4-10(in Chinese))
[15]Itasca Consulting Group,Inc..UDEC-Universal distinct element code,Version 4[M].Minneapolis,MN:Itasca Consutting Group Inc.,2004
[16]沈志平,王鸿,吴斌.FAST台址岩溶洼地的排水对策[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(4):43-47(Shen Zhiping,Wang Hong,Wu Bin.Countermeasures for drainage of Karst depression for substrate of FAST[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2016,47(4):43-47(in Chinese))
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