颗粒形状对粒状材料圆柱塌落影响的三维离散元模拟
|
摘要
粒状土经常发生塌落破坏而诱发泥石流、滑坡等自然灾害。现有研究缺乏颗粒形状对粒状土塌落形态的影响分析。利用三维离散元方法,对粒状材料圆柱试样的塌落破坏机制进行了模拟分析。离散元数值模拟考虑了3种典型的颗粒形状:常规的球形颗粒、正四面体形颗粒和长条形颗粒,取相同的颗粒级配,并以同样的方法分别生成同样高径比的试样,然后进行塌落破坏。基于结果对比分析了由不同形状的颗粒组成的圆柱试样的最终塌落高度和跑出距离,并将离散元模拟与室内试验进行了对比。结果表明:利用离散元方法可以很好地重现室内粒状材料圆柱试样的塌落过程;与纯球形颗粒的试样相比,不规则形状颗粒的试样可以降低颗粒的角速度,同时可以保持较大的最终塌落高度和减小最终的跑出距离。
Collapse of granular soil often induces natural disasters such as debris flow and landslide. Existing studies lack the influence of particle shape on the collapse morphology of granular soils. In this paper, three-dimensional discrete element method is used to simulate the collapse failure mechanism of granular material cylinder specimens. Three typical particle shapes(spherical,tetrahedral and elongated) are considered in the numerical simulations. For each particle shape, cylinder specimens with the same size and the same grain size distribution are generated using the same method, and then collapse tests are performed. Based on experimental results, the final collapse height and runout distance of cylindrical specimens with different shapes of particles are analyzed and compared with the laboratory test. It can be concluded that the discrete element method can reproduce the collapse process of the granular columns very well. Compared with specimen of pure spherical particles, specimens composed of irregular shape particles can reduce the angular velocity of particles, maintain a larger final collapse height and reduce the final runout distance.
Collapse of granular soil often induces natural disasters such as debris flow and landslide. Existing studies lack the influence of particle shape on the collapse morphology of granular soils. In this paper, three-dimensional discrete element method is used to simulate the collapse failure mechanism of granular material cylinder specimens. Three typical particle shapes(spherical,tetrahedral and elongated) are considered in the numerical simulations. For each particle shape, cylinder specimens with the same size and the same grain size distribution are generated using the same method, and then collapse tests are performed. Based on experimental results, the final collapse height and runout distance of cylindrical specimens with different shapes of particles are analyzed and compared with the laboratory test. It can be concluded that the discrete element method can reproduce the collapse process of the granular columns very well. Compared with specimen of pure spherical particles, specimens composed of irregular shape particles can reduce the angular velocity of particles, maintain a larger final collapse height and reduce the final runout distance.
引文
[1]DAERR A,DOUADY S.Sensitivity of granular surface flows to preparation[J].Europhysics Letters,2007,47(47):324.
[2]LAJEUNESSE E,MANGENEYCASTELNAU A,VILOTTE J P.Spreading of a granular mass on a horizontal plane[J].Physics of Fluids,2004,16(7):2371-2381.
[3]LUBE G,HUPPERT H E,SPARKS R S J,et al.Axisymmetric collapses of granular columns[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2004,508(508):175-199.
[4]CHI Y L,BOLTON M,CHENG Y P.Discrete element simulation of granular column collapse[J].Journal of Obstetric,Gynecologic,&Neonatal Nursing,2009,1145(1):627-630.
[5]KERMANI E,LI T,QIU T.Discrete element method simulation of granular column collapse[C]//Geo-Hubei2014 International Conference on Sustainable Civil Infrastructure.Reston:American Society of Civil Engineers,2014:1-8.
[6]KERMANI E,QIU T,LI T.Simulation of collapse of granular columns using the discrete element method[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2015,15(6):04015004.
[7]KRISHNA K.Multi-scale multiphase modelling of granular flows[D].Cambridge:University of Cambridge,2014.
[8]胡明鉴,汪稔,陈中学,等.泥石流启动过程PFC数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2010,31(1):394-397.HU Ming-jian,WANG Ren,CHEN Zhong-xue,et al.Initiation process simulation of debris deposit based on particle flow code[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(1):394-397.
[9]郑书彦,李占斌,李甲平,等.滑坡侵蚀离散元分析研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2124-2128.ZHENG Shu-yan,LI Zhan-bin,LI Jia-ping,et al.Study on landslide erosion by discrete element method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics&Engineering,2005,24(12):2124-2128.
[10]冯文凯,何川,石豫川,等.复杂巨型滑坡形成机制三维离散元模拟分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(4):1122-1126.FENG Wen-kai,HE Chuan,SHI Yu-chuan,et al.Simulation analysis of formation mechanism of some complex and giant landslides using three-dimensional discrete elements[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(4):1122-1126.
[11]CUNDALL P A,STRACK O D L.A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies[J].Géotechnique,1979,30(30):331-336.
[12]贾学明,柴贺军,郑颖人.土石混合料大型直剪试验的颗粒离散元细观力学模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(9):2695-2703.JIA Xue-ming,CHAI He-jun,ZHENG Ying-ren.Mesomechanics research of large direct shear test on soil and rock aggregate mixture with particle flow code simulation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(9):2695-2703.
[13]李立青,蒋明镜,吴晓峰.椭圆形颗粒堆积体模拟颗粒材料力学性能的离散元数值方法[J].岩土力学,2011(增刊1):713-718.LI Li-qing,JIANG Ming-jing,WU Xiao-feng.Adeveloped discrete element model NS2D for simulating mechanical properties of elliptical particles assemblages[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,(Suppl.1):713-718.
[14]刘海涛,程晓辉.粗粒土尺寸效应的离散元分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(增刊1):287-292.LIU Hai-tao,CHENG Xiao-hui.Discrete element analysis for size effects of coarse-grained soils[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(Suppl.1):287-292.
[15]张洪武,秦建敏.基于非线性接触本构的颗粒材料离散元数值模拟[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(11):1964-1969.ZHANG Hong-wu,QIN Jian-min.Simulation of mechanical behaviors of granular materials by discrete element method based on mesoscale nonlinear contact law[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(11):1964-1969.
[16]刘军,于刚,赵长兵,等.不同尺度分布散粒材料砂堆形成过程的二维离散元模拟[J].计算力学学报,2008,25(4):568-573.LIU Jun,YU Gang,ZHAO Chang-bing,et al.Twodimensional discrete element simulation of sand bundle formation process with different scales[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2008,25(4):568-573.
[17]严成增,郑宏,孙冠华,等.粗粒料多边形表征及二维FEM/DEM分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(增刊2):95-103.YAN Cheng-zeng,ZHENG Hong,SUN Guan-hua,et al.Polygon characterization of coarse aggregate and two-dimensional combined finite discrete element method analysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(Suppl.2):95-103.
[18]Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.PFC3D(particle flow code in 3D)theory and background manual[M].Version 3.0,Minneapolis:ICG,2003.
[19]JIANG M J,YIN Z Y.Analysis of stress redistribution in soil and earth pressure on tunnel lining using the discrete element method[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2012,32(6):251-259.
[20]JIANG M J,LIU J,SUN Y,et al.Investigation into macroscopic and microscopic behaviors of bonded sands using distinct element method[J].Soils&Foundations,2013,53(6):804-819.
[21]JIANG M J,YIN Z Y.Influence of soil conditioning on ground deformation during longitudinal tunneling[J].Comptes Rendus Mécanique,2014,342(3):189-197.
[22]JING X Y,ZHOU W H,ZHU H X,et al.Analysis of soil-structural interface behavior using three-dimensional DEM simulations[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2018,42(2):339-357.
[23]ZHU H X,ZHOU W H,YIN Z Y.Deformation mechanism of strain localization in 2D numerical interface tests[J].Acta Geotechnica,2018,13(3):557-573.
[24]刘嘉英,马刚,周伟,等.抗转动特性对颗粒材料分散性失稳的影响研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(5):1472-1480.LIU Jia-ying,MA Gang,ZHOU Wei,et al.Impact of rotation resistance on diffuse failure of granular materials[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(5):1472-1480.
[25]徐长节,梁禄钜,陈其志,等.考虑松动区内应力分布形式的松动土压力研究[J].岩土力学,2018,39(6):1927-1934.XU Chang-jie,LIANG Lu-ju,CHEN Qi-zhi,et al.Research on loosening earth pressure considering the patterns of stress distribution in loosening zone[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(6):1927-1934.
[26]BIAREZ J,HICHER P Y.Elementary mechanics of soil behaviour:saturated remoulded soils[M].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1994.
[27]孔亮,彭仁.颗粒形状对类砂土力学性质影响的颗粒流模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(10):2112-2119.KONG Liang,PENG Ren.Particle flow simulation of influence of particle shape on mechanical properties of quasi-sands[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(10):2112-2119.
[28]刘清秉,项伟,BUDHU M,等.砂土颗粒形状量化及其对力学指标的影响分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增刊1):190-197.LIU Qing-bing,XIANG Wei,BUDHU M,et al.Study of particle shape quantification and effect on mechanical property of sand[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Suppl.1):190-197.
[2]LAJEUNESSE E,MANGENEYCASTELNAU A,VILOTTE J P.Spreading of a granular mass on a horizontal plane[J].Physics of Fluids,2004,16(7):2371-2381.
[3]LUBE G,HUPPERT H E,SPARKS R S J,et al.Axisymmetric collapses of granular columns[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2004,508(508):175-199.
[4]CHI Y L,BOLTON M,CHENG Y P.Discrete element simulation of granular column collapse[J].Journal of Obstetric,Gynecologic,&Neonatal Nursing,2009,1145(1):627-630.
[5]KERMANI E,LI T,QIU T.Discrete element method simulation of granular column collapse[C]//Geo-Hubei2014 International Conference on Sustainable Civil Infrastructure.Reston:American Society of Civil Engineers,2014:1-8.
[6]KERMANI E,QIU T,LI T.Simulation of collapse of granular columns using the discrete element method[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2015,15(6):04015004.
[7]KRISHNA K.Multi-scale multiphase modelling of granular flows[D].Cambridge:University of Cambridge,2014.
[8]胡明鉴,汪稔,陈中学,等.泥石流启动过程PFC数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2010,31(1):394-397.HU Ming-jian,WANG Ren,CHEN Zhong-xue,et al.Initiation process simulation of debris deposit based on particle flow code[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(1):394-397.
[9]郑书彦,李占斌,李甲平,等.滑坡侵蚀离散元分析研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2124-2128.ZHENG Shu-yan,LI Zhan-bin,LI Jia-ping,et al.Study on landslide erosion by discrete element method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics&Engineering,2005,24(12):2124-2128.
[10]冯文凯,何川,石豫川,等.复杂巨型滑坡形成机制三维离散元模拟分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(4):1122-1126.FENG Wen-kai,HE Chuan,SHI Yu-chuan,et al.Simulation analysis of formation mechanism of some complex and giant landslides using three-dimensional discrete elements[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(4):1122-1126.
[11]CUNDALL P A,STRACK O D L.A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies[J].Géotechnique,1979,30(30):331-336.
[12]贾学明,柴贺军,郑颖人.土石混合料大型直剪试验的颗粒离散元细观力学模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(9):2695-2703.JIA Xue-ming,CHAI He-jun,ZHENG Ying-ren.Mesomechanics research of large direct shear test on soil and rock aggregate mixture with particle flow code simulation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(9):2695-2703.
[13]李立青,蒋明镜,吴晓峰.椭圆形颗粒堆积体模拟颗粒材料力学性能的离散元数值方法[J].岩土力学,2011(增刊1):713-718.LI Li-qing,JIANG Ming-jing,WU Xiao-feng.Adeveloped discrete element model NS2D for simulating mechanical properties of elliptical particles assemblages[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,(Suppl.1):713-718.
[14]刘海涛,程晓辉.粗粒土尺寸效应的离散元分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(增刊1):287-292.LIU Hai-tao,CHENG Xiao-hui.Discrete element analysis for size effects of coarse-grained soils[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(Suppl.1):287-292.
[15]张洪武,秦建敏.基于非线性接触本构的颗粒材料离散元数值模拟[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(11):1964-1969.ZHANG Hong-wu,QIN Jian-min.Simulation of mechanical behaviors of granular materials by discrete element method based on mesoscale nonlinear contact law[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(11):1964-1969.
[16]刘军,于刚,赵长兵,等.不同尺度分布散粒材料砂堆形成过程的二维离散元模拟[J].计算力学学报,2008,25(4):568-573.LIU Jun,YU Gang,ZHAO Chang-bing,et al.Twodimensional discrete element simulation of sand bundle formation process with different scales[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2008,25(4):568-573.
[17]严成增,郑宏,孙冠华,等.粗粒料多边形表征及二维FEM/DEM分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(增刊2):95-103.YAN Cheng-zeng,ZHENG Hong,SUN Guan-hua,et al.Polygon characterization of coarse aggregate and two-dimensional combined finite discrete element method analysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(Suppl.2):95-103.
[18]Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.PFC3D(particle flow code in 3D)theory and background manual[M].Version 3.0,Minneapolis:ICG,2003.
[19]JIANG M J,YIN Z Y.Analysis of stress redistribution in soil and earth pressure on tunnel lining using the discrete element method[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2012,32(6):251-259.
[20]JIANG M J,LIU J,SUN Y,et al.Investigation into macroscopic and microscopic behaviors of bonded sands using distinct element method[J].Soils&Foundations,2013,53(6):804-819.
[21]JIANG M J,YIN Z Y.Influence of soil conditioning on ground deformation during longitudinal tunneling[J].Comptes Rendus Mécanique,2014,342(3):189-197.
[22]JING X Y,ZHOU W H,ZHU H X,et al.Analysis of soil-structural interface behavior using three-dimensional DEM simulations[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2018,42(2):339-357.
[23]ZHU H X,ZHOU W H,YIN Z Y.Deformation mechanism of strain localization in 2D numerical interface tests[J].Acta Geotechnica,2018,13(3):557-573.
[24]刘嘉英,马刚,周伟,等.抗转动特性对颗粒材料分散性失稳的影响研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(5):1472-1480.LIU Jia-ying,MA Gang,ZHOU Wei,et al.Impact of rotation resistance on diffuse failure of granular materials[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(5):1472-1480.
[25]徐长节,梁禄钜,陈其志,等.考虑松动区内应力分布形式的松动土压力研究[J].岩土力学,2018,39(6):1927-1934.XU Chang-jie,LIANG Lu-ju,CHEN Qi-zhi,et al.Research on loosening earth pressure considering the patterns of stress distribution in loosening zone[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(6):1927-1934.
[26]BIAREZ J,HICHER P Y.Elementary mechanics of soil behaviour:saturated remoulded soils[M].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1994.
[27]孔亮,彭仁.颗粒形状对类砂土力学性质影响的颗粒流模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(10):2112-2119.KONG Liang,PENG Ren.Particle flow simulation of influence of particle shape on mechanical properties of quasi-sands[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(10):2112-2119.
[28]刘清秉,项伟,BUDHU M,等.砂土颗粒形状量化及其对力学指标的影响分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增刊1):190-197.LIU Qing-bing,XIANG Wei,BUDHU M,et al.Study of particle shape quantification and effect on mechanical property of sand[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Suppl.1):190-197.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |