遥感线性构造中心对称度的尺度效应研究
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摘要
尺度依赖性存在于各种复杂而漫长的地质现象或过程中,作为地学研究对象的环形构造必然存在尺度效应,其空间特性在不同尺度下差异显著。环形构造的定量分析需要在特定的空间尺度下才能开展,合理尺度的选取则是对其进行定量分析的基础。以云南会泽东部地区为研究区,利用表征线性构造对称信息的中心对称度对环形构造展开研究。首先,在GIS的支持下对在OLI影像上提取的遥感线性构造进行5次采样,采样网格的尺度分别为5.0,3.6,2.5,1.8,0.7 km;其次,运用多元回归方程+残差和趋势面拟合的方法分析中心对称度的尺度特征,并且结合遥感图像上的可识别信息判定3.6 km为该区域环形构造研究的最优尺度;最后将最优网格尺度下的中心对称度与密度、强度和信息熵进行因子分析,提取的Z1代表高破碎中心对称度,可用于寻找与岩浆入侵有关的放射状、环状隐伏断裂系统;而Z3代表低破碎中心对称度,其空间特征与牛栏江演化过程中形成的环形地貌相吻合。研究结果表明,通过对中心对称度的尺度效应分析选取最优尺度并解译出具有实际地质意义的环形构造是可行的。
Scale dependence exists in a variety of complex and lengthy geological phenomena or processes,as the object of geological research.The circular structure is bound to scale effect and its spatial characteristics are significantly different at different scales.Quantitative analysis for circular structure needs to be employed on specific spatial scale,while the selection of reasonable scale is the basis of quantitative analysis.In this paper we took the eastern area of Huize in Yunnan as the research area,then studied the circular structure by using the central symmetry which represents the symmetry information of the lineaments. Firstly, the remote sensing(RS) lineaments extracted from OLI images were sampled for 5 times with grid of 5.0, 3.6, 2.5, 1.8 km and 0.7 km respectively under the support of GIS. Secondly, the method of multiple regression equation+residues and trend surface fitting was used to analyze the scale characteristics of central symmetry of lineaments. Combining with the identifiable information of RS image, we suggest that 3.6 km is the optimal scale for the study of circular structure in this region.Finally,factor analysis was performed with central symmetry, density, intensity and information entropy on the optimal grid scale.Then,Z1 representing central symmetry with high fragmentation was used to search the radial and annular concealed fault system related to magma intrusion, while Z3 representing central symmetry with low fragmentation was in correspondence with the annular landform formed during the evolution process of Niulan River. The results show that it is feasible to select the optimal scale and interpret the circular structure with practical geological significance by analyzing the scale effect of central symmetry.
Scale dependence exists in a variety of complex and lengthy geological phenomena or processes,as the object of geological research.The circular structure is bound to scale effect and its spatial characteristics are significantly different at different scales.Quantitative analysis for circular structure needs to be employed on specific spatial scale,while the selection of reasonable scale is the basis of quantitative analysis.In this paper we took the eastern area of Huize in Yunnan as the research area,then studied the circular structure by using the central symmetry which represents the symmetry information of the lineaments. Firstly, the remote sensing(RS) lineaments extracted from OLI images were sampled for 5 times with grid of 5.0, 3.6, 2.5, 1.8 km and 0.7 km respectively under the support of GIS. Secondly, the method of multiple regression equation+residues and trend surface fitting was used to analyze the scale characteristics of central symmetry of lineaments. Combining with the identifiable information of RS image, we suggest that 3.6 km is the optimal scale for the study of circular structure in this region.Finally,factor analysis was performed with central symmetry, density, intensity and information entropy on the optimal grid scale.Then,Z1 representing central symmetry with high fragmentation was used to search the radial and annular concealed fault system related to magma intrusion, while Z3 representing central symmetry with low fragmentation was in correspondence with the annular landform formed during the evolution process of Niulan River. The results show that it is feasible to select the optimal scale and interpret the circular structure with practical geological significance by analyzing the scale effect of central symmetry.
引文
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[25] 符海月,李满春,赵军,等.人口数据格网化模型研究进展综述[J].人文地理,2006,21(3):115-119.
[26] 廖顺宝,李泽辉.气温数据栅格化中的几个具体问题[J].气象科技,2004,32(5):352-356.
[27] Bai Y,Liao S,Sun J.Scale effect and methods for accuracy evaluation of attribute information loss in rasterization[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2011,21(6):1089-1100.
[28] 池顺都.熵函数在地质勘探中的应用[J].地球科学:武汉地质学院学报,1985,10(2):131-139.
[29] 王珂靖,蔡红艳,杨小唤.多元统计回归及地理加权回归方法在多尺度人口空间化研究中的应用[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(12):1494-1505.
[30] 廖顺宝,张赛.属性数据空间化误差评价指标体系研究[J].地球信息科学学报,2009,11(2):176-182.
[31] 何星,杨友运,李映雁.二维趋势面约束法在富县地区长8油层组地质建模中的应用[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(1):100-103.
[32] Zarychta R,Zarychta A.Basis of geostatistics for scientists specialising in natural sciences based on the example of ordinary kriging[J].Geoinformatica Polonica,2014,13(1):77-82.
[33] Temple J T.The use of factor analysis in geology[J].Mathematical Geology,1978,10(4):379-387.
[34] Khan Z A,Tewari R C.Principal component analysis of lithologic variables in early Permian barakar coal-measures,western singrauli gondwana sub-basin of central India[J].Journal of the Geological Society of India,2012,79(4):404-410.
[2] Levin S A.The problem of pattern and scale in ecology[J].Ecology,1992,73(6):1943-1967.
[3] Lam N S,Quattrochi D A.On the issues of scale,resolution,and fractral analysis in the mapping sciences[J].Professional Geographer,1992,44(1):88-98.
[4] Woodcock C E,Strahler A H.The factor of scale in remote sensing[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1987,21(3):311-332.
[5] Tantasirin C,Nagai M,Tipdecho T,et al.Reducing hillslope size in digital elevation modelsat various scales and the effects on slope gradientestimation[J].Geocarto International,2016,31(2):140-157.
[6] Kang S Y,McGree J,Baade P,et al.An investigation of the impact of variousgeographical scales for the specification of spatial dependence[J].Journal of Applied Statistics,2014,41(11):2515-2538.
[7] Feng G,Ming D,Wang M,et al.Connotations of pixel-based scale effect in remote sensing and the modified fractal-based analysis method[J].Computers & Geosciences,2017,103:183-190.
[8] Gaur N,Mohanty B P,Kefauver S C.Effect of observation scale on remote sensing based estimates of evapotranspiration in a semi-arid row cropped orchard environment[J].Precision Agric,2017,18:762-778.
[9] Lü Y,Feng X,Chen L,et al.Scaling effects of landscape metrics:A comparison of two methods[J].Physical Geography,2013,34(1):40-49.
[10] 李双成,蔡运龙.地理尺度转换若干问题的初步探讨[J].地理研究,2005,24(1):11-18.
[11] 叶靖,杨小唤,江东.乡镇级人口统计数据空间化的格网尺度效应分析:以义乌市为例[J].地球信息科学学报,2010,12(1):40-46.
[12] 谢志宜,罗小玲,郭庆荣,等.耕地土壤环境质量监测网最优网格尺度识别研究:以珠三角耕地土壤镉为例[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(9):1519-1525.
[13] 温兴平.遥感技术及其地学应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[14] Stewart S A.Circular geological structures outcropping in the sedimentary basins of Saudi Arabia[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2015,106:95-118.
[15] 成永生,陈松岭.基于遥感解译的环形构造研究及其找矿意义[J].矿业研究与开发,2007,27(3):53-55.
[16] 崔银亮,张云峰,郭欣,等.滇东北铅锌银矿床遥感地质与成矿预测[M].北京:地质出版社,2011.
[17] 黄智龙,陈进,刘丛强,等.峨眉山玄武岩与铅锌矿床成矿关系初探:以云南会泽铅锌矿床为例[J].矿物学报,2001,21(4):681-688.
[18] Fagbohun B J,Adeoti B,Aladejana O O.Litho-structural analysis of eastern part of Ilesha schist belt,Southwestern Nigeria[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2017,133:123-137.
[19] Filho A C P,Nummer A R,Albrez E A,et al.A study of structural lineaments in Pantanal (Brazil) using remote sensing data[J].Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências,2013,85(3):913-922.
[20] Ramli M F,Tripathi N K,Yusof N,et al.Lineament mapping in a tropical environment using Landsat imagery[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2009,30(23):6277-6300.
[21] 徐涵秋,唐菲.新一代Landsat系列卫星:Landsat8遥感影像新增特征及其生态环境意义[J].生态学报,2013,33(11):3250-3257.
[22] Lin W,Wang J.Edge detection in medical images with quasi high-pass filter based on localstatistics[J].Biomedical Signal Processing and Control,2018,39:294-302.
[23] 邓书斌.ENVI遥感图像处理方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[24] 刘建国.影像线性体密度-中心对称度综合分析方法及其在古火山岩区地质研究中的应用[J].地球科学:武汉地质学院学报,1985,10(4):119-130.
[25] 符海月,李满春,赵军,等.人口数据格网化模型研究进展综述[J].人文地理,2006,21(3):115-119.
[26] 廖顺宝,李泽辉.气温数据栅格化中的几个具体问题[J].气象科技,2004,32(5):352-356.
[27] Bai Y,Liao S,Sun J.Scale effect and methods for accuracy evaluation of attribute information loss in rasterization[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2011,21(6):1089-1100.
[28] 池顺都.熵函数在地质勘探中的应用[J].地球科学:武汉地质学院学报,1985,10(2):131-139.
[29] 王珂靖,蔡红艳,杨小唤.多元统计回归及地理加权回归方法在多尺度人口空间化研究中的应用[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(12):1494-1505.
[30] 廖顺宝,张赛.属性数据空间化误差评价指标体系研究[J].地球信息科学学报,2009,11(2):176-182.
[31] 何星,杨友运,李映雁.二维趋势面约束法在富县地区长8油层组地质建模中的应用[J].岩性油气藏,2012,24(1):100-103.
[32] Zarychta R,Zarychta A.Basis of geostatistics for scientists specialising in natural sciences based on the example of ordinary kriging[J].Geoinformatica Polonica,2014,13(1):77-82.
[33] Temple J T.The use of factor analysis in geology[J].Mathematical Geology,1978,10(4):379-387.
[34] Khan Z A,Tewari R C.Principal component analysis of lithologic variables in early Permian barakar coal-measures,western singrauli gondwana sub-basin of central India[J].Journal of the Geological Society of India,2012,79(4):404-410.
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