滇西保山熊洞村栗柴坝组牙形石的发现及其地质意义
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摘要
针对保山地层区熊洞剖面原属栗柴坝组的灰岩进行了牙形石样品分析,总计建立了5个牙形石带,分别为Pterospathodus pennatus procerus带、Kockelella walliseri带、Ancoradella ploeckensis带、Polygnathoides siluricus带和Polygnathus nothoperbonus带。该剖面第8层原属栗柴坝组,Polygnathus nothoperbonus分子的出现证实其为下泥盆统埃姆斯阶的地层,应归为向阳寺组。剖面总体对应志留系温洛克统底部到下泥盆统埃姆斯阶中部,中间缺失志留系罗德洛统卢德福特阶—下泥盆统埃姆斯阶之间的8～10个标准牙形石带,说明该地区后期可能受构造作用影响,志留系和泥盆系界线为断层接触。该剖面牙形石序列的建立一定程度上完善了滇西保山地层区志留系生物地层的研究程度,为下一步该区生物地层格架的建立奠定了基础。
This research is mainly focused on the conodonts sequence of"Lichaiba Formation"in Xiongdong area. Detailed investigation has revealed five conodont zones, which are in ascending order of Pterospathodus pennatus procerus Zone, Kockelella walliseri Zone, Ancoradella ploeckensis Zone, Polygnathoides siluricus Zone, and Polygnathus nothoperbonus Zone. Because of the recognition of conodont Polygnathus nothoperbonus from Bed 8, it is argued that the strata should belong to Lower Devonian, named Xiangyangsi Formation. To sum up, the strata of Xiongdong section range from Wenlock Stage of the Silurian to Emsian Substage of Lower Devonian, with the lack of 8～10 conodont zones from the upper part of Ludlow Stage of the Silurian to the lower part of Emsian Substage of Lower Devonian between them. These data indicate that the area was affected by regional tectonism, resulting in the faulted contact relationship in the Silurian-Devonian interval. As for stratigraphic thickness, Xiongdong section is a highly concentrated section compared with other typical sections which are equally situated in the west of Yunnan Province.
This research is mainly focused on the conodonts sequence of"Lichaiba Formation"in Xiongdong area. Detailed investigation has revealed five conodont zones, which are in ascending order of Pterospathodus pennatus procerus Zone, Kockelella walliseri Zone, Ancoradella ploeckensis Zone, Polygnathoides siluricus Zone, and Polygnathus nothoperbonus Zone. Because of the recognition of conodont Polygnathus nothoperbonus from Bed 8, it is argued that the strata should belong to Lower Devonian, named Xiangyangsi Formation. To sum up, the strata of Xiongdong section range from Wenlock Stage of the Silurian to Emsian Substage of Lower Devonian, with the lack of 8～10 conodont zones from the upper part of Ludlow Stage of the Silurian to the lower part of Emsian Substage of Lower Devonian between them. These data indicate that the area was affected by regional tectonism, resulting in the faulted contact relationship in the Silurian-Devonian interval. As for stratigraphic thickness, Xiongdong section is a highly concentrated section compared with other typical sections which are equally situated in the west of Yunnan Province.
引文
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[25]Barrick J E, Klapper G. Multielement Silurian(late LlandoverianWenlockian)conodonts of the Clarita Formation, Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma, and phylogeny of Kockelella[J]. Geologica et Palaeontologica, 1976, 10:59-98.
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[30]Uyeno T T, Thorsteinsson R. Stratigraphy and Conodonts of Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian Rocks in the Environs of the Boothia Uplift, Canadian Arctic Archipelago:Pt. 1-Contributions to Stratigraphy:Pt. 2-Systematic Study of Conodonts[M].Geological Survey Bulletin 292, 1977.
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[33]Jeppsson L, Aldridge R J. Ludlow(late Silurian)oceanic episodes and events[J]. Journal of the Geological Society, 2000, 157:1137-1148.
[34]Corradini C, Serpagli E. A Silurian conodont biozonation from late Llandovery to end Pridoli in Sardinia[J]. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 1998, 37(2/3):255-273.
[35]Corradini C, Corriga M G, M?nnik P, et al. Revised conodont stratigraphy of the Cellon section(Silurian, Carnic Alps)[J]. Lethaia,2014, 48(1):56-71.
[36]林宝玉,邱洪荣.西藏的志留系[C]//青藏高原地质文集, 1983,(8):15-28.
[37]王伟,赵平.大理海东志留系—泥盆系牙形类动物群研究新知[J].云南地质, 2009, 28(3):345-350.
[38]Kozur H. Preliminary report about the Silurian to Middle Devonian sequences near Nekézseny(southernmost Uppony Mts.,northern Hungary)[J]. Geologische und Palaontologische Mitteilungen,1984, 137:149-176.
[39]Corriga M G, Corradini C, Walliser O H. Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian conodonts from Tafilalt, southeastern Morocco[J].Bulletin of Geosciences, 2014, 89(1):183-200.
[40]Yolkin E A, Weddige K, Izokh N G, et al. New Emsian conodont zonation(lower Devonian)[J]. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg,1994, 168:139-157.
[41]Izokh N G, Yolkin E A, Weddige K, et al. Late Pragian and Early Emsian conodont polygnathid species from the Kitab state geological reserve sequences(Zeravshan-Gissar mountainous area,Uzbekistan)[J]. Geologiya i Geofizika, 2011, 15:49-63.
[42]卢建峰.广西天等把荷剖面早泥盆世晚埃姆斯期的牙形刺[J].古生物学报, 2013, 52(3):309-330.
[43]Sobole N N. Conodonts from Lower Middle Deposits in the Novaya Zemlya[C]//Early Geological History of the Novaya Zemlya. Leningrad:PGO Sevmorgeologiya, 1984.
[44]Baranov V V. Lower Devonian conodont zonation in arctic regions of Eurasia[J]. Stratigraphy&Geological Correlation, 2012, 20(2):179-198.
[45]Baranov V V, Slavik L, Blodgett R B. Early Devonian polygnathids of Northeast Asia and correlation of Pragian/Emsian strata of the marginal seas of Angarida[J]. Bulletin of Geosciences, 2014, 89(3):645-678.
[46]Mawson R, Talent J A. Conodont faunas from sequence on or marginal to the Anakie Inlier(central Queensland, Australia)in relation to Devonian transgressions[J]. Bulletin of Geosciences,2003, 78(4):335-358.
[47]Martínez-Pérez C, Valenzuela-Ríos J I, Navas-Parejo P, et al.Emsian(Lower Devonian)Polygnathids(Conodont)succession in the Spanish Central Pyrenees[J]. Journal of Iberian Geology, 2011,37(1):45-64.
[48]Pyle L J, Orchard M J, Barnes C R, et al. Conodont biostratigraphy of the Lower to Middle Devonian Deserters Formation(new), Road River Group, northeastern British Columbia[J]. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2003, 40(1):99-113.
[49]Bischoff G C O, Fergusson C L. Conodont distributions, and ages of Silurian and Devonian limestones in the Palmers Oakey district,N.S.W.[J]. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 1982, 29(3/4):469-476.
[50]Zhang S, Barnes C R. A new Llandovery(Early Silurian)conodont biozonation and conodonts from the Becscie, Merrimack and Gun River formations, Anticosti Island, Québec[J]. Memoir(The Paleontological Society), 2002, 76(S57):1-46.
[51]Dahlqvist P, Bergstr?m S M. The lowermost Silurian of J?mtland,central Sweden:conodont biostratigraphy, correlation and biofacies[J].Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Earth Sciences,2005, 96(1):1-19.
[52]M?nnik P. Evolution and taxonomy of the Silurian conodont Pterospathodus[J]. Palaeontology, 1998, 41:1001-1050.
[2]王怿,张小乐,徐洪河,等.重庆秀山志留系小溪组的发现与迴星哨组的厘定[J].地层学杂志, 2011, 35(2):113-121.
[3]倪寓南.云南施甸志留纪梅晚期(Late Homerian)笔石[J].古生物学报, 1997, 36(3):42-52.
[4]倪寓南,林尧坤.云南施甸志留纪上人和桥组笔石[J].古生物学报, 2000, 39(3):343-355.
[5]谭雪春,董致中,秦德厚.滇西保山地区下泥盆统兼论志留系的分界[J].地层学杂志, 1982, 6(3):199-208.
[6]倪寓南,陈挺恩,蔡重阳,等.云南西部的志留系[J].古生物学报,1982, 21(1):119-132.
[7]Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhan R, et al. Ordovician and Silurian Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Yunnan, Southwest China[M].Beijing:Science Press, 2014:92-119.
[8]山克强,吕勇,潘明.云南保山熊洞村志留系栗柴坝组笔石新材料[J].地层学杂志, 2013,(4):609.
[9]潘明,吕勇,山克强,等.云南保山栗柴坝组碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及环境意义[J].地质论评, 2015, 61(2):333-343.
[10]唐鹏,黄冰,王成源,等.四川广元志留系Ludlow统的再研究兼论车家坝组的含义[J].地层学杂志, 2010, 34(3):241-253.
[11]Manda S,?torch P, Slavík L, et al. The graptolite, conodont and sedimentary record through the late Ludlow Kozlowskii Event(Silurian)in the shale-dominated succession of Bohemia[J].Geological Magazine, 2012, 149(3):507-531.
[12]Jeppsson L, Talent J A, Mawson R, et al. High-resolution Late Silurian correlations between Gotland, Sweden, and the Broken River region, NE Australia:Lithologies, conodonts and isotopes[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 2007, 245(1):115-137.
[13]M?nnik P, Miller C G, Hairapetian V. Conodonts from the Niur Formation(Silurian)of the Derenjal Mountains, Central Iran[J].Geological Magazine, 2013, 150(4):639-650.
[14]邱洪荣.西藏志留纪牙形石[J].中国地质科学院地质研究所文集, 1985,(1):23-38.
[15]丁梅华,李耀泉.陕西宁强地区志留纪牙形石及其地层意义[J].地球科学, 1985, 10(2):9-20.
[16]Wang C Y, Aldridge R J. Silurian conodonts from the Yangtze Platform, South China[J]. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 2010, 83(1):1-136.
[17]金淳泰,钱泳蓁,王吉礼.四川盐边地区志留纪牙形石生物地层及年代地层[J].地层学杂志, 2005, 29(3):68-81,104-105.
[18]王成源,王平,杨光华,等.四川盐边稗子田志留系牙形刺生物地层的再研究[J].地层学杂志, 2009, 33(3):302-317.
[19]M?nnik P, Ma?kowski K. Silurian conodonts from the Goldap core, Poland[C]//Szaniawski H. Proceedings of the Sixth European Conodont Sympo sium(ECOS VI).-Palaeontologia Polonica,1998, 58:141-151.
[20]M?nnik P. Recent developments in the Upper Ordovician and lower Silurian conodont biostratigraphy in Estonia[J]. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences Geology, 2007, 56(1):35-46.
[21]Corriga M G, Corradini C, Ferretti A. Silurian conodonts from Sardinia:an overview[J]. Rendiconti della SocietàPaleontologica Italiana, 2009, 3(1):95-107.
[22]Loydell D, Nestor V, M?nnik P. Integrated biostratigraphy of the lower Silurian of the Kolka-54 core, Latvia[J]. Geological Magazine, 2010, 147(2):253-280.
[23]Kleffner M A. Conodonts of the Estill Shale and Bisher Formation(Silurian, southern Ohio):biostratigraphy and distribution[J]. Ohio Journal of Science, 1987, 87(3):78-89.
[24]M?nnik P, Loydell D, Lubeseder S. Sheinwoodian(Silurian)conodonts and graptolites from NE Anti-Atlas, Morocco[J].Lethaia, 2011, 44(4):410-416.
[25]Barrick J E, Klapper G. Multielement Silurian(late LlandoverianWenlockian)conodonts of the Clarita Formation, Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma, and phylogeny of Kockelella[J]. Geologica et Palaeontologica, 1976, 10:59-98.
[26]王成源.中国志留纪牙形刺[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社, 2013.
[27]Link A G, Druce E C. Ludlovian and Gedinnian conodont stratigraphy of the Yass Basin, New South Wales[M]. Australian Government Publishing Service, 1972.
[28]Simpson A J, Talent J A. Silurian conodonts from the headwaters of the Indi(upper Murray)and Buchan rivers, southeastern Australia,and their implications[J]. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg,1995, 182(79):215.
[29]Klapper G, Murphy M A. Silurian-Lower Devonian conodont sequence in the Roberts Mountains Formation of central Nevada[M].University of California Press, 1974.
[30]Uyeno T T, Thorsteinsson R. Stratigraphy and Conodonts of Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian Rocks in the Environs of the Boothia Uplift, Canadian Arctic Archipelago:Pt. 1-Contributions to Stratigraphy:Pt. 2-Systematic Study of Conodonts[M].Geological Survey Bulletin 292, 1977.
[31]F?hraeus L E. Conodont zones in the Ludlovian of Gotland and a correlation with Great Britain[J]. Sveriges Geologiska Unders?kning,1969, C639, 1-33.
[32]Jeppsson L, Viira V, M?nnik P. Silurian conodont-based correlations between Gotland(Sweden)and Saaremaa(Estonia)[J].Geological Magazine, 1994, 131(2):201-218.
[33]Jeppsson L, Aldridge R J. Ludlow(late Silurian)oceanic episodes and events[J]. Journal of the Geological Society, 2000, 157:1137-1148.
[34]Corradini C, Serpagli E. A Silurian conodont biozonation from late Llandovery to end Pridoli in Sardinia[J]. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 1998, 37(2/3):255-273.
[35]Corradini C, Corriga M G, M?nnik P, et al. Revised conodont stratigraphy of the Cellon section(Silurian, Carnic Alps)[J]. Lethaia,2014, 48(1):56-71.
[36]林宝玉,邱洪荣.西藏的志留系[C]//青藏高原地质文集, 1983,(8):15-28.
[37]王伟,赵平.大理海东志留系—泥盆系牙形类动物群研究新知[J].云南地质, 2009, 28(3):345-350.
[38]Kozur H. Preliminary report about the Silurian to Middle Devonian sequences near Nekézseny(southernmost Uppony Mts.,northern Hungary)[J]. Geologische und Palaontologische Mitteilungen,1984, 137:149-176.
[39]Corriga M G, Corradini C, Walliser O H. Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian conodonts from Tafilalt, southeastern Morocco[J].Bulletin of Geosciences, 2014, 89(1):183-200.
[40]Yolkin E A, Weddige K, Izokh N G, et al. New Emsian conodont zonation(lower Devonian)[J]. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg,1994, 168:139-157.
[41]Izokh N G, Yolkin E A, Weddige K, et al. Late Pragian and Early Emsian conodont polygnathid species from the Kitab state geological reserve sequences(Zeravshan-Gissar mountainous area,Uzbekistan)[J]. Geologiya i Geofizika, 2011, 15:49-63.
[42]卢建峰.广西天等把荷剖面早泥盆世晚埃姆斯期的牙形刺[J].古生物学报, 2013, 52(3):309-330.
[43]Sobole N N. Conodonts from Lower Middle Deposits in the Novaya Zemlya[C]//Early Geological History of the Novaya Zemlya. Leningrad:PGO Sevmorgeologiya, 1984.
[44]Baranov V V. Lower Devonian conodont zonation in arctic regions of Eurasia[J]. Stratigraphy&Geological Correlation, 2012, 20(2):179-198.
[45]Baranov V V, Slavik L, Blodgett R B. Early Devonian polygnathids of Northeast Asia and correlation of Pragian/Emsian strata of the marginal seas of Angarida[J]. Bulletin of Geosciences, 2014, 89(3):645-678.
[46]Mawson R, Talent J A. Conodont faunas from sequence on or marginal to the Anakie Inlier(central Queensland, Australia)in relation to Devonian transgressions[J]. Bulletin of Geosciences,2003, 78(4):335-358.
[47]Martínez-Pérez C, Valenzuela-Ríos J I, Navas-Parejo P, et al.Emsian(Lower Devonian)Polygnathids(Conodont)succession in the Spanish Central Pyrenees[J]. Journal of Iberian Geology, 2011,37(1):45-64.
[48]Pyle L J, Orchard M J, Barnes C R, et al. Conodont biostratigraphy of the Lower to Middle Devonian Deserters Formation(new), Road River Group, northeastern British Columbia[J]. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2003, 40(1):99-113.
[49]Bischoff G C O, Fergusson C L. Conodont distributions, and ages of Silurian and Devonian limestones in the Palmers Oakey district,N.S.W.[J]. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 1982, 29(3/4):469-476.
[50]Zhang S, Barnes C R. A new Llandovery(Early Silurian)conodont biozonation and conodonts from the Becscie, Merrimack and Gun River formations, Anticosti Island, Québec[J]. Memoir(The Paleontological Society), 2002, 76(S57):1-46.
[51]Dahlqvist P, Bergstr?m S M. The lowermost Silurian of J?mtland,central Sweden:conodont biostratigraphy, correlation and biofacies[J].Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Earth Sciences,2005, 96(1):1-19.
[52]M?nnik P. Evolution and taxonomy of the Silurian conodont Pterospathodus[J]. Palaeontology, 1998, 41:1001-1050.
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