中国泥水盾构使用现状及若干问题
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摘要
近十年来,泥水盾构隧道技术在我国应用越来越广泛,已成为大型越江海隧道和城市地铁建设不可或缺的关键技术。我国的泥水盾构技术,尤其是大直径泥水盾构工程技术不断成熟,工程的建设量和大直径盾构数量已居世界前列;然而,在泥水盾构技术快速发展中出现一些问题。在收集我国泥水盾构施工技术使用现状的同时,对施工中遇到的复杂地层、泥水舱构造、刀具过量磨损、频繁开舱作业、泥浆材料的使用及处理、盾构重复使用等特点进行梳理。结合代表性的泥水盾构工程实例,深入分析施工遇到的刀具磨损、开舱检修关键技术、泥膜闭气开挖面稳定、泥浆携渣及处理等问题,总结已有的施工经验及技术特点,明确我国泥水盾构技术发展的方向,以期推动世界泥水盾构技术的发展。
For recent ten years, the slurry shield tunnelling technology has been widely used in major underneath river/ocean tunnels and urban metro constructions in China. With the gradual maturity of the slurry shield technology, especially the large-diameter slurry shield technology, the numbers of projects and shield machines have been among the highest in the world. However, great challenges arise during the construction of the slurry shield projects under complex geological conditions, such as the stability of the excavation face, cutting tool abrasion, opening the chamber and repairing the machine, slurry circulation with slag, and remanufacturing of the shield. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the development of slurry shield construction technology in China. Based on typical cases of slurry shield projects, this study analysed the main problems of the slurry shield in the construction process and summarised the current experiences and key technologies. Considering the actual situation of the slurry shield technology, this study clarifies its development direction in China, which is significant to promote the development of the slurry shield technology in the world.
For recent ten years, the slurry shield tunnelling technology has been widely used in major underneath river/ocean tunnels and urban metro constructions in China. With the gradual maturity of the slurry shield technology, especially the large-diameter slurry shield technology, the numbers of projects and shield machines have been among the highest in the world. However, great challenges arise during the construction of the slurry shield projects under complex geological conditions, such as the stability of the excavation face, cutting tool abrasion, opening the chamber and repairing the machine, slurry circulation with slag, and remanufacturing of the shield. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the development of slurry shield construction technology in China. Based on typical cases of slurry shield projects, this study analysed the main problems of the slurry shield in the construction process and summarised the current experiences and key technologies. Considering the actual situation of the slurry shield technology, this study clarifies its development direction in China, which is significant to promote the development of the slurry shield technology in the world.
引文
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[9]洪开荣.广深港大断面特长水下盾构隧道的技术难点分析[J].隧道建设,2007,27(6):1.HONG Kairong.Analysis of technical difficulties of superlong underwater shield-bored tunnels with large crosssections:Case study of Shiziyang Tunnel on GuangzhouShenzhen-Hong Kong passenger-dedicated railway[J].Tunnel Construction,2007,27(6):1.
[10]陈健.扬州瘦西湖隧道湖东段基坑工程设计与实测分析[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(增刊):590.CHEN Jian.Design and observation of deep excavation of eastern section of Slender West Lake Tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(S):590.
[11]宋克志,王梦恕.烟大渤海海峡隧道的可行性研究探讨[J].现代隧道技术,2006,43(6):1.SONG Kezhi,WANG Mengshu.Feasibility study of Bohai Channel Tunnel connecting Yantai and Dalian[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2006,43(6):1.
[12]陈馈.琼州海峡隧道超大盾构关键技术初探[J].建筑机械化,2011(8):51.CHEN Kui.The key technologies of the super-large shield used in Qiongzhou Channel Tunnel[J].Construction Mechanization,2011(8):51.
[13]竺维斌,鞠世健.复合地层中的盾构施工技术[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2006.ZHU Weibin,JU Shijian.Shield tunneling technology in mixed face ground conditions[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2006.
[14]朱伟,秦建设,卢廷浩.砂土中盾构开挖面变形与破坏数值模拟研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(8):897.ZHU Wei,QIN Jianshe,LU Tinghao.Numerical study of face movement and collapse around shield tunnels in sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(8):897.
[15]王建秀,邹宝平,付慧仙,等.超大直径盾构下穿保护建筑群地面沉降预测[J].现代隧道技术,2013,50(5):98.WANG Jianxiu,ZOU Baoping,FU Huixian,et al.Prediction of ground settlement induced by an extra-large diameter shield passing under sensitive buildings[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2013,50(5):98.
[16]秦建设,朱伟,陈剑.盾构姿态控制引起管片错台及开裂问题研究[J].施工技术,2004,33(10):25.QIN Jianshe,ZHU Wei,CHEN Jian.Study of dislocation of duct pieces and crack problems caused by shield attitude control[J].Construction Technology,2004,33(10):25.
[17]MIN Fanlu,ZHU Wei,HAN Xiaorui.Filter cake formation for slurry shield tunneling in highly permeable sand[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2013,38:423.
[18]闵凡路,朱伟,魏代伟,等.泥水盾构泥膜形成时开挖面地层孔压变化规律研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(4):722.MIN Fanlu,ZHU Wei,WEI Daiwei,et al.Change of pore water pressure in soil as filter cakes formed on excavation face in slurry shield[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(4):722.
[19]王吉云.近十年来中国超大直径盾构施工经验[J].隧道建设,2017,37(3):330.WANG Jiyun.Super-large diameter shield tunneling technologies in China in recent decade[J].Tunnel Construction,2017,37(3):330.
[20]竺维彬,鞠世健,钟长平,等.广州地铁一号线盾构工程[J].建筑施工,2000,22(3):39.ZHU Weibin,JU Shijian,ZHONG Changping,et al.Shield construction project in Guangzhou Metro Line 1[J].Building Construction,2000,22(3):39.
[21]王梦恕,孙谋,谭忠盛.长江第一隧:武汉长江隧道修建技术[J].中国工程科学,2009,11(7):11.WANG Mengshu,SUN Mou,TAN Zhongsheng.Construction technology of Wuhan Yangtze Tunnel:The first tunnel under Yangtze River[J].Engineering Science,2009,11(7):11.
[22]LIN Cungang,ZHANG Zhongmiao,WU Shiming,et al.Key techniques and important issues for slurry shield under-passing embankments:a case study of Hangzhou Qiantang River Tunnel[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2013,38:306.
[23]温竹茵,陈宝.沪崇苏隧道施工中将遭遇的不良地质条件及其防范措施[J].工程勘察,2005(6):32.WEN Zhuyin,CHEN Bao.Geologic hazard and measures in the construction of Hu-chong-su Tunnel[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2005(6):32.
[24]刘树山.砂卵石地层盾构隧道刀具更换方案研究[J].隧道建设,2008,28(3):268.LIU Shushan.Study of ground consolidation scheme for cutting tool replacement during shield tunneling in cobble and sand strata[J].Tunnel Construction,2008,28(3):268.
[25]罗淑仪,鞠世健.旧盾构再利用若干问题的研究[J].广东土木与建筑,2013(2):41.LUO Shuyi,JU Shijian.The Research of repairing the TBM which will be recycling[J].Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering,2013(2):41.
[26]工信部节能与综合利用司.中建交通:再制造盾构创东北地区月掘进最高纪录[J].表面工程与再制造,2017,17(5):56.Department of Energy Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization.China Construction Communications Enger.Group Corp.LTD:Remanufacturing shield machine sets a monthly driving record in Northeast China[J].Surface Engineering&Remanufacturing,2017,17(5):56.
[27]王善高,史世波,舒恒,等.单管双层特长盾构隧道内部结构预制施工技术:以南京纬三路过江盾构隧道工程为例[J].隧道建设,2016,36(4):451.WANG Shangao,SHI Shibo,SHU Heng,et al.Doubledeck extra-long shield tunnel:a case study on Yangtze River-crossing shield tunnel on Weisan Road in Nanjing[J].Tunnel Construction,2016,36(4):451.
[28]晏胜荣.单管双层盾构隧道内部结构同步施工台车设计与制造技术[J].铁道建筑技术,2015(2):82.YAN Shengrong.Design and manufacturing technology for synchronized construction trolley in single tube double internal structure of shield tunnel[J].Railway Construction Technology,2015(2):82.
[29]游永锋.国内最大直径盾构隧道:春风隧道[J].隧道建设(中英文),2018,38(4):715.YOU Yongfeng.Chunfeng Tunnel:The largest diameter shield tunnel in China[J].Tunnel Construction,2018,38(4):715.
[30]程明亮,何峰,吕传田,等.大埋深富水砂卵石地层泥水盾构带压换刀及动火焊接技术[J].中国工程科学,2010,12(12):46.CHENG Mingliang,HE Feng,LYU Chuantian,et al.Tools repairing and welding techniques with high pressure of slurry shield under deep water-rich sandy gravel stratum[J].Engineering Sciences,2010,12(12):46.
[31]刘奇,靳世鹤.兰州地铁砂卵石地层土压平衡盾构刀具使用寿命延长技术[J].隧道建设,2016,36(8):1011.LIU Qi,JIN Shihe.Increasing technologies for service life of EPB shield cutting tools boring in sandy cobble stratum in Lanzhou[J].Tunnel Construction,2016,36(8):1011.
[32]张淑朝.兰州地铁低含砂率强渗透性砂卵石降低土压平衡盾构扭矩及防喷涌研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2018.ZHANG Shuchao.Research on reducing the torque and anti-spewing of EPB shiled tunneling in low sand content and strong permeability sandy pebble strata of Lanzhou subway[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2018.
[33]张莎莎,戴志仁.兰州地铁穿黄段盾构隧道关键技术研究[J].现代隧道技术,2015,52(6):20.ZHANG Shasha,DAI Zhiren.Study of key techniques used for the shield tunnel of the Lanzhou metro crossing below the Yellow River[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2015,52(6):20.
[2]王梦恕.中国盾构和掘进机隧道技术现状、存在的问题及发展思路[J].隧道建设,2014,34(3):179.WANG Mengshu.Tunneling by TBM/shield in China:State-of-art,problems and proposals[J].Tunnel Construction,2014,34(3):179.
[3]朱伟,陈仁俊.盾构隧道施工技术现状及展望[J].岩土工程界,2001,4(11):19.ZHU Wei,CHEN Renjun.State of art of shield tunneling construction technology and its prospection[J].Geotechnical Engineering World,2001,4(11):19.
[4]朱伟,闵凡路,姚占虎,等.盾构隧道开舱技术现状及实例[J].现代隧道技术,2015,52(1):9.ZHU Wei,MIM Fanlu,YAO Zhanhu,et al.Technical status and case study of intervention in the shield chamber[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2015,52(1):9.
[5]MIN Fanlu,ZHU Wei,LIN Cheng,et al.Opening the excavation chamber of the large-diameter size slurry shield:case study in Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel in China[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2015,46(2):18.
[6]郭信君,闵凡路,钟小春,等.南京长江隧道工程难点分析及关键技术总结[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(10):2154.GUO Xinjun,MIN Fanlu,ZHONG Xiaochun,et al.Summaries of key technologies and difficulties in Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel Project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(10):2154.
[7]王江涛,陈建军,于澎湃,等.南水北调中线穿黄工程泥水盾构施工技术[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2010.WANG Jiangtao,CHEN Jianjun,YU Pengpai,et al.Slurry shield tunneling in South-To-North Water Transfer Project in Yellow River[M].Zhengzhou:Yellow River Water Conservancy Press,2010.
[8]潘学政,陈国强,彭铭.钱江特大隧道盾构推进段施工风险评估[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(7):1245.PAN Xuezheng,CHEN Guoqiang,PENG Ming.Risk assessment on shield excavation in very large tunnel across Qian River[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2007,3(7):1245.
[9]洪开荣.广深港大断面特长水下盾构隧道的技术难点分析[J].隧道建设,2007,27(6):1.HONG Kairong.Analysis of technical difficulties of superlong underwater shield-bored tunnels with large crosssections:Case study of Shiziyang Tunnel on GuangzhouShenzhen-Hong Kong passenger-dedicated railway[J].Tunnel Construction,2007,27(6):1.
[10]陈健.扬州瘦西湖隧道湖东段基坑工程设计与实测分析[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(增刊):590.CHEN Jian.Design and observation of deep excavation of eastern section of Slender West Lake Tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(S):590.
[11]宋克志,王梦恕.烟大渤海海峡隧道的可行性研究探讨[J].现代隧道技术,2006,43(6):1.SONG Kezhi,WANG Mengshu.Feasibility study of Bohai Channel Tunnel connecting Yantai and Dalian[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2006,43(6):1.
[12]陈馈.琼州海峡隧道超大盾构关键技术初探[J].建筑机械化,2011(8):51.CHEN Kui.The key technologies of the super-large shield used in Qiongzhou Channel Tunnel[J].Construction Mechanization,2011(8):51.
[13]竺维斌,鞠世健.复合地层中的盾构施工技术[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2006.ZHU Weibin,JU Shijian.Shield tunneling technology in mixed face ground conditions[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2006.
[14]朱伟,秦建设,卢廷浩.砂土中盾构开挖面变形与破坏数值模拟研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(8):897.ZHU Wei,QIN Jianshe,LU Tinghao.Numerical study of face movement and collapse around shield tunnels in sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(8):897.
[15]王建秀,邹宝平,付慧仙,等.超大直径盾构下穿保护建筑群地面沉降预测[J].现代隧道技术,2013,50(5):98.WANG Jianxiu,ZOU Baoping,FU Huixian,et al.Prediction of ground settlement induced by an extra-large diameter shield passing under sensitive buildings[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2013,50(5):98.
[16]秦建设,朱伟,陈剑.盾构姿态控制引起管片错台及开裂问题研究[J].施工技术,2004,33(10):25.QIN Jianshe,ZHU Wei,CHEN Jian.Study of dislocation of duct pieces and crack problems caused by shield attitude control[J].Construction Technology,2004,33(10):25.
[17]MIN Fanlu,ZHU Wei,HAN Xiaorui.Filter cake formation for slurry shield tunneling in highly permeable sand[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2013,38:423.
[18]闵凡路,朱伟,魏代伟,等.泥水盾构泥膜形成时开挖面地层孔压变化规律研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(4):722.MIN Fanlu,ZHU Wei,WEI Daiwei,et al.Change of pore water pressure in soil as filter cakes formed on excavation face in slurry shield[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(4):722.
[19]王吉云.近十年来中国超大直径盾构施工经验[J].隧道建设,2017,37(3):330.WANG Jiyun.Super-large diameter shield tunneling technologies in China in recent decade[J].Tunnel Construction,2017,37(3):330.
[20]竺维彬,鞠世健,钟长平,等.广州地铁一号线盾构工程[J].建筑施工,2000,22(3):39.ZHU Weibin,JU Shijian,ZHONG Changping,et al.Shield construction project in Guangzhou Metro Line 1[J].Building Construction,2000,22(3):39.
[21]王梦恕,孙谋,谭忠盛.长江第一隧:武汉长江隧道修建技术[J].中国工程科学,2009,11(7):11.WANG Mengshu,SUN Mou,TAN Zhongsheng.Construction technology of Wuhan Yangtze Tunnel:The first tunnel under Yangtze River[J].Engineering Science,2009,11(7):11.
[22]LIN Cungang,ZHANG Zhongmiao,WU Shiming,et al.Key techniques and important issues for slurry shield under-passing embankments:a case study of Hangzhou Qiantang River Tunnel[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2013,38:306.
[23]温竹茵,陈宝.沪崇苏隧道施工中将遭遇的不良地质条件及其防范措施[J].工程勘察,2005(6):32.WEN Zhuyin,CHEN Bao.Geologic hazard and measures in the construction of Hu-chong-su Tunnel[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2005(6):32.
[24]刘树山.砂卵石地层盾构隧道刀具更换方案研究[J].隧道建设,2008,28(3):268.LIU Shushan.Study of ground consolidation scheme for cutting tool replacement during shield tunneling in cobble and sand strata[J].Tunnel Construction,2008,28(3):268.
[25]罗淑仪,鞠世健.旧盾构再利用若干问题的研究[J].广东土木与建筑,2013(2):41.LUO Shuyi,JU Shijian.The Research of repairing the TBM which will be recycling[J].Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering,2013(2):41.
[26]工信部节能与综合利用司.中建交通:再制造盾构创东北地区月掘进最高纪录[J].表面工程与再制造,2017,17(5):56.Department of Energy Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization.China Construction Communications Enger.Group Corp.LTD:Remanufacturing shield machine sets a monthly driving record in Northeast China[J].Surface Engineering&Remanufacturing,2017,17(5):56.
[27]王善高,史世波,舒恒,等.单管双层特长盾构隧道内部结构预制施工技术:以南京纬三路过江盾构隧道工程为例[J].隧道建设,2016,36(4):451.WANG Shangao,SHI Shibo,SHU Heng,et al.Doubledeck extra-long shield tunnel:a case study on Yangtze River-crossing shield tunnel on Weisan Road in Nanjing[J].Tunnel Construction,2016,36(4):451.
[28]晏胜荣.单管双层盾构隧道内部结构同步施工台车设计与制造技术[J].铁道建筑技术,2015(2):82.YAN Shengrong.Design and manufacturing technology for synchronized construction trolley in single tube double internal structure of shield tunnel[J].Railway Construction Technology,2015(2):82.
[29]游永锋.国内最大直径盾构隧道:春风隧道[J].隧道建设(中英文),2018,38(4):715.YOU Yongfeng.Chunfeng Tunnel:The largest diameter shield tunnel in China[J].Tunnel Construction,2018,38(4):715.
[30]程明亮,何峰,吕传田,等.大埋深富水砂卵石地层泥水盾构带压换刀及动火焊接技术[J].中国工程科学,2010,12(12):46.CHENG Mingliang,HE Feng,LYU Chuantian,et al.Tools repairing and welding techniques with high pressure of slurry shield under deep water-rich sandy gravel stratum[J].Engineering Sciences,2010,12(12):46.
[31]刘奇,靳世鹤.兰州地铁砂卵石地层土压平衡盾构刀具使用寿命延长技术[J].隧道建设,2016,36(8):1011.LIU Qi,JIN Shihe.Increasing technologies for service life of EPB shield cutting tools boring in sandy cobble stratum in Lanzhou[J].Tunnel Construction,2016,36(8):1011.
[32]张淑朝.兰州地铁低含砂率强渗透性砂卵石降低土压平衡盾构扭矩及防喷涌研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2018.ZHANG Shuchao.Research on reducing the torque and anti-spewing of EPB shiled tunneling in low sand content and strong permeability sandy pebble strata of Lanzhou subway[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2018.
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