甘南高寒草甸群落的物种-多度关系沿坡向的变化
|
摘要
物种-多度格局研究是揭示群落组织结构和物种区域分布规律的重要手段。该研究以青藏高原东北部的甘南高寒草甸为研究对象,基于野外调查和室内分析,研究了不同坡向的环境因子、植物群落分布,并利用RAD软件程序包对其进行了拟合分析。结果显示:在南坡-北坡上,土壤含水量从南坡(0.18g·g–1)到北坡(0.31g·g–1)呈现递增的趋势,土壤温度从南坡(22.33℃)到北坡(18.13℃)以及光照强度从南坡(744.15 lx)到北坡(681.93 lx)均呈逐渐减小的趋势。物种-多度分布曲线的斜率从南坡向北坡依次减小。随着坡向由南向北转变,物种-多度和物种多样性都呈递增的趋势。通过6个模型对坡向梯度的物种-多度分布进行拟合发现,甘南高寒草甸区的物种-多度分布主要是以生态位模型为主,其次是随机分布模型。青藏高原高寒草甸微生境梯度上的物种在总体上的资源分配模式是以固定分配模式为主,稀有种的资源分配模式是以随机性模型为主,常见种的资源分配模式则是以确定性模型为主。
Aims The study of species diversity patterns is useful in understanding community structure and resource allocation patterns in the succession process in alpine meadows. The present study aims to explore: 1) the changes in community species-abundance relationships in alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau with mountain slopes; and 2) the difference between the abundances of common and rare species, and their roles in the ecological mechanisms. Methods Field investigation was carried out in alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau followed by lab analyses in Lanzhou. RAD was used to analyze the difference in environmental factors and plant communities among different slope aspects. Important findings Soil water content increased gradually from the south to north slopes(from 0.18 g·g–1 on the south slope to 0.31 g·g–1 on the north slope), while soil temperature and light intensity showed the opposite trends(from 22.33 ℃ and 744.15 lx on the south slope to 18.13 ℃ and 681.93 lx on the north slope, respectively). The species abundance and species diversity increased, while the slope of species abundance curves decreased from the south to north slopes. Among the six species abundance fitting models, the ecological niche model best explained the species abundance curves followed by the random distribution model. Further analysis showed that the overall resource allocation pattern of species was mainly fixed distribution. In addition, the resource allocation pattern of the rare species was mainly random, while that of the common species was mainly deterministic.
Aims The study of species diversity patterns is useful in understanding community structure and resource allocation patterns in the succession process in alpine meadows. The present study aims to explore: 1) the changes in community species-abundance relationships in alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau with mountain slopes; and 2) the difference between the abundances of common and rare species, and their roles in the ecological mechanisms. Methods Field investigation was carried out in alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau followed by lab analyses in Lanzhou. RAD was used to analyze the difference in environmental factors and plant communities among different slope aspects. Important findings Soil water content increased gradually from the south to north slopes(from 0.18 g·g–1 on the south slope to 0.31 g·g–1 on the north slope), while soil temperature and light intensity showed the opposite trends(from 22.33 ℃ and 744.15 lx on the south slope to 18.13 ℃ and 681.93 lx on the north slope, respectively). The species abundance and species diversity increased, while the slope of species abundance curves decreased from the south to north slopes. Among the six species abundance fitting models, the ecological niche model best explained the species abundance curves followed by the random distribution model. Further analysis showed that the overall resource allocation pattern of species was mainly fixed distribution. In addition, the resource allocation pattern of the rare species was mainly random, while that of the common species was mainly deterministic.
引文
Che YD,Liu MX,Li LR,Jiao J,Xiao W(2017).Exploring the community assembly of subalpine meadow communities based on functional traits and community phylogeny.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,41,1157-1167.[车应弟,刘旻霞,李俐蓉,焦骄,肖卫(2017).基于功能性状及系统发育的亚高寒草甸群落构建.植物生态学报,41,1157-1167.]
Duan HL,Zhao A,Yao Z(2017).Modeling plant speciesabundance distribution patterns with elevation in typical marshland communities of the Poyang Lake region.Plant Science Journal,35,335-343.[段后浪,赵安,姚忠(2017).不同海拔高程梯度下鄱阳湖典型草洲植物群落物种-多度分布格局的模型拟合.植物科学学报,35,335-343.]
Fang JY,Shen ZH,Cui HT(2004).Ecological characteristics of mountains and research issues of mountain ecology.Biodiversity Science,12,10-19.[方精云,沈泽昊,崔海亭(2004).试论山地的生态特征及山地生态学的研究内容.生物多样性,12,10-19.]
Fisher RA,Corbet AS,Williams CB(1943).The relationship between the number of species and the number of individuals in a random sample from an animal population.Journal of Animal Ecology,12,42-58.
Fujita Y,Robroek BJ,De Ruiter PC(2010).Increased N affects P uptake of eight grassland species:The role of root surface phosphatase activity.Oikos,119,1665-1673.
Gao LX,Bi RC,Yan M(2011).Species abundance distribution patterns of Pinus tabulaeformis forest in Huoshan Mountain of Shanxi Province,China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,35,1256-1270.[高利霞,毕润成,闫明(2011).山西霍山油松林的物种-多度分布格局.植物生态学报,35,1256-1270.]
Gong X,Brueck K,Giese KM(2008).Slope aspect has effects on productivity and species composition of hilly grassland in the Xilin River Basin,Inner Mongolia China.Journal of Arid Environments,72,483-493.
Hubbell SP(2001)Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography.Princeton University Press,Princeton.
Li R,Liu MX,Zhang C,Zhao RD,Shao P(2017).Distribution characteristics of soil microbial communities along different slope direction of Gannan sub-alpine meadows.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,26,1884-1891.[李瑞,刘旻霞,张灿,赵瑞东,邵鹏(2017).甘南亚高寒草甸不同坡向土壤微生物群落分布特征.生态环境学报,26,1884-1891.]
Liu MX,Che YD,Li LR,Jiao J,Xiao W(2017a).Redundancy analysis of leaf traits and environmental factors of alpine meadow in Southern Gansu Province.Chinese Journal of Ecology,36,2473-2480.[刘旻霞,车应弟,李俐蓉,焦娇,肖卫(2017a).甘南高寒草甸微地形上植物叶片特征与环境因子的冗余分析.生态学杂志,36,2473-2480.]
Liu MX,Liu JJ,Du XG,Zheng XG(2010).Fitting different models to species abundance distribution patterns in three plant communities in sub-alpine meadow.Acta Ecologica Sinica,30,6935-6942.[刘梦雪,刘佳佳,杜晓光,郑小刚(2010).亚高寒草甸不同生境植物群落物种-多度分布格局的拟合.生态学报,30,6935-6942.]
Liu MX,Wang G(2013).Responses of plant community diversity and soil factors to slope aspect in alpine meadow.Chinese Journal of Ecology,32,259-265.[刘旻霞,王刚(2013).高寒草甸植物群落多样性及土壤因子对坡向的响应.生态学杂志,32,259-265.]
Liu MX,Wang G,Sheng HM(2013).Environmental factors characteristic of sunny and shady slope gradients in relation to above-ground biomass and species richness in an alpine meadow.Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),49,76-81.[刘旻霞,王刚,盛红梅(2013).高寒草甸阳坡-阴坡梯度上环境因子特征及其与地上生物量和物种丰富度的关系.兰州大学学报(自然科学版),49,76-81.]
Liu MX,Zhao RD,Zhang C,Li R,Shao P(2017b).Responses of physiological parameters in plants on sub-alpine meadow to slope aspects.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,28,2863-2869.[刘旻霞,赵瑞东,张灿,李瑞,邵鹏(2017b).亚高寒草甸植物叶片生理指标对坡向的响应.应用生态学报,28,2863-2869.]
Liu MX,Zhu KJ(2013).Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of plants in different functional groups on alpine meadow in the eastern edge of Tibetan Plateau.Chinese Journal of Grassland,35(2),52-58.[刘旻霞,朱柯嘉(2013).青藏高原东缘高寒草甸不同功能群植物氮磷化学计量特征研究.中国草地学报,35(2),52-58.]
Ma KM(2003).Advances of the study on species abundance pattern.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,27,412-426.[马克明(2003).物种-多度格局研究进展.植物生态学报,27,412-426.]
Ma KM,Zu YG(2000).Fractal properties of vegetation pattern.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,46,111-117.[马克明,祖元刚(2000).植被格局的分形特征.植物生态学报,46,111-117.]
MacArthur RH(1957).On the relative abundance of bird species.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,43,293-295.
Magurran AE(1988).Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement.Croom Helm,London.
Motomura I(1932).On the statistical treatment of communities.Zool Mag,44,379-383.
Ren P,Wang XA,Guo H(2009).Species abundance distribution pattern of forest communities on Loess Plateau.Chinese Journal of Ecology,29,1449-1455.[任萍,王孝安,郭华(2009).黄土高原森林群落物种-多度的分布格局.生态学杂志,29,1449-1455.]
Shi JM,Fan CF,Liu Y,Yang QP,Fang K,Fan FL,Yang GY(2015).Species-abundance distribution patterns along succession series of Phyllostachys glauca forest in a limestone mountain.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,26,3595-3601.[施建敏,范承芳,刘扬,杨清培,方楷,范方礼,杨光耀(2015).石灰岩山地淡竹林演替序列的群落物种-多度分布格局.应用生态学报,26,3595-3601.]
Sun XM,Xiao ML,Shi RL,Han F,Wang G(2014).Effects of nutrient additions on species abundance distribution in an alpine meadow in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China.Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),50,853-859.[孙小妹,肖美玲,师瑞玲,韩非,王刚(2014).营养元素添加对青藏高原亚高寒草甸物种-多度分布格局的影响.兰州大学学报(自然科学版),50,853-859.]
Tokeshi M(1990).Niche apportionment or random assortment:Species abundance patterns revisited.Journal of Animal Ecology,59,1129-1146.
Tokeshi M(1993).Species abundance patterns and community structure.Advances in Ecological Research,24,112-186.
Ulrich W(2001).Models of relative abundance distributionsⅠ:Model fitting by stochastic models.Polish Journal of Ecology,49,145-147.
Ulrich W(2002).RAD-A FORTRAN program for the study of relative abundance distributions.ftp://priede.bf.lu.lv/pub/TIS/datu_analiize/Ulrich W/RADManual.pdf.Cited:2018-12-18.
Wang SX,Zhao L,Li N,Guo H,Wang XA,Duan RY(2016).The relative contributions of rare and common species to the patterns of species richness in plant communities.Biodiversity Science,24,658-664.[王世雄,赵亮,李娜,郭华,王孝安,段仁燕(2016).稀有种和常见种对植物群落物种丰富度格局的相对贡献.生物多样性,24,658-664.]
Wang YS,Shangguan TL(2010).Discussion on calculating method of important values.Journal of Shanxi University,33,312-316.[王育松,上官铁梁(2010).关于重要值计算方法的若干问题.山西大学学报(自然科学版),33,312-316.]
Xiao ML(2014).Species Abundance Distribution of Zoker Mound Plant Community Along Restoration Progress and Its Relationship with Mound Area.Master degree dissertation,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou.[肖美玲(2014).鼢鼠土丘植物群落恢复演替过程中的物种-多度分布及其与鼠丘面积的关系.硕士学位论文,兰州大学,兰州.]
Zhang JT(1999).Species abundance patterns in some broadleaved deciduous forests in New York,USA.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,23,481-489.[张金屯(1999).美国纽约州阔叶林物种-多度格局的研究.植物生态学报,23,481-489.]
Duan HL,Zhao A,Yao Z(2017).Modeling plant speciesabundance distribution patterns with elevation in typical marshland communities of the Poyang Lake region.Plant Science Journal,35,335-343.[段后浪,赵安,姚忠(2017).不同海拔高程梯度下鄱阳湖典型草洲植物群落物种-多度分布格局的模型拟合.植物科学学报,35,335-343.]
Fang JY,Shen ZH,Cui HT(2004).Ecological characteristics of mountains and research issues of mountain ecology.Biodiversity Science,12,10-19.[方精云,沈泽昊,崔海亭(2004).试论山地的生态特征及山地生态学的研究内容.生物多样性,12,10-19.]
Fisher RA,Corbet AS,Williams CB(1943).The relationship between the number of species and the number of individuals in a random sample from an animal population.Journal of Animal Ecology,12,42-58.
Fujita Y,Robroek BJ,De Ruiter PC(2010).Increased N affects P uptake of eight grassland species:The role of root surface phosphatase activity.Oikos,119,1665-1673.
Gao LX,Bi RC,Yan M(2011).Species abundance distribution patterns of Pinus tabulaeformis forest in Huoshan Mountain of Shanxi Province,China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,35,1256-1270.[高利霞,毕润成,闫明(2011).山西霍山油松林的物种-多度分布格局.植物生态学报,35,1256-1270.]
Gong X,Brueck K,Giese KM(2008).Slope aspect has effects on productivity and species composition of hilly grassland in the Xilin River Basin,Inner Mongolia China.Journal of Arid Environments,72,483-493.
Hubbell SP(2001)Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography.Princeton University Press,Princeton.
Li R,Liu MX,Zhang C,Zhao RD,Shao P(2017).Distribution characteristics of soil microbial communities along different slope direction of Gannan sub-alpine meadows.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,26,1884-1891.[李瑞,刘旻霞,张灿,赵瑞东,邵鹏(2017).甘南亚高寒草甸不同坡向土壤微生物群落分布特征.生态环境学报,26,1884-1891.]
Liu MX,Che YD,Li LR,Jiao J,Xiao W(2017a).Redundancy analysis of leaf traits and environmental factors of alpine meadow in Southern Gansu Province.Chinese Journal of Ecology,36,2473-2480.[刘旻霞,车应弟,李俐蓉,焦娇,肖卫(2017a).甘南高寒草甸微地形上植物叶片特征与环境因子的冗余分析.生态学杂志,36,2473-2480.]
Liu MX,Liu JJ,Du XG,Zheng XG(2010).Fitting different models to species abundance distribution patterns in three plant communities in sub-alpine meadow.Acta Ecologica Sinica,30,6935-6942.[刘梦雪,刘佳佳,杜晓光,郑小刚(2010).亚高寒草甸不同生境植物群落物种-多度分布格局的拟合.生态学报,30,6935-6942.]
Liu MX,Wang G(2013).Responses of plant community diversity and soil factors to slope aspect in alpine meadow.Chinese Journal of Ecology,32,259-265.[刘旻霞,王刚(2013).高寒草甸植物群落多样性及土壤因子对坡向的响应.生态学杂志,32,259-265.]
Liu MX,Wang G,Sheng HM(2013).Environmental factors characteristic of sunny and shady slope gradients in relation to above-ground biomass and species richness in an alpine meadow.Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),49,76-81.[刘旻霞,王刚,盛红梅(2013).高寒草甸阳坡-阴坡梯度上环境因子特征及其与地上生物量和物种丰富度的关系.兰州大学学报(自然科学版),49,76-81.]
Liu MX,Zhao RD,Zhang C,Li R,Shao P(2017b).Responses of physiological parameters in plants on sub-alpine meadow to slope aspects.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,28,2863-2869.[刘旻霞,赵瑞东,张灿,李瑞,邵鹏(2017b).亚高寒草甸植物叶片生理指标对坡向的响应.应用生态学报,28,2863-2869.]
Liu MX,Zhu KJ(2013).Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of plants in different functional groups on alpine meadow in the eastern edge of Tibetan Plateau.Chinese Journal of Grassland,35(2),52-58.[刘旻霞,朱柯嘉(2013).青藏高原东缘高寒草甸不同功能群植物氮磷化学计量特征研究.中国草地学报,35(2),52-58.]
Ma KM(2003).Advances of the study on species abundance pattern.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,27,412-426.[马克明(2003).物种-多度格局研究进展.植物生态学报,27,412-426.]
Ma KM,Zu YG(2000).Fractal properties of vegetation pattern.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,46,111-117.[马克明,祖元刚(2000).植被格局的分形特征.植物生态学报,46,111-117.]
MacArthur RH(1957).On the relative abundance of bird species.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,43,293-295.
Magurran AE(1988).Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement.Croom Helm,London.
Motomura I(1932).On the statistical treatment of communities.Zool Mag,44,379-383.
Ren P,Wang XA,Guo H(2009).Species abundance distribution pattern of forest communities on Loess Plateau.Chinese Journal of Ecology,29,1449-1455.[任萍,王孝安,郭华(2009).黄土高原森林群落物种-多度的分布格局.生态学杂志,29,1449-1455.]
Shi JM,Fan CF,Liu Y,Yang QP,Fang K,Fan FL,Yang GY(2015).Species-abundance distribution patterns along succession series of Phyllostachys glauca forest in a limestone mountain.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,26,3595-3601.[施建敏,范承芳,刘扬,杨清培,方楷,范方礼,杨光耀(2015).石灰岩山地淡竹林演替序列的群落物种-多度分布格局.应用生态学报,26,3595-3601.]
Sun XM,Xiao ML,Shi RL,Han F,Wang G(2014).Effects of nutrient additions on species abundance distribution in an alpine meadow in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China.Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),50,853-859.[孙小妹,肖美玲,师瑞玲,韩非,王刚(2014).营养元素添加对青藏高原亚高寒草甸物种-多度分布格局的影响.兰州大学学报(自然科学版),50,853-859.]
Tokeshi M(1990).Niche apportionment or random assortment:Species abundance patterns revisited.Journal of Animal Ecology,59,1129-1146.
Tokeshi M(1993).Species abundance patterns and community structure.Advances in Ecological Research,24,112-186.
Ulrich W(2001).Models of relative abundance distributionsⅠ:Model fitting by stochastic models.Polish Journal of Ecology,49,145-147.
Ulrich W(2002).RAD-A FORTRAN program for the study of relative abundance distributions.ftp://priede.bf.lu.lv/pub/TIS/datu_analiize/Ulrich W/RADManual.pdf.Cited:2018-12-18.
Wang SX,Zhao L,Li N,Guo H,Wang XA,Duan RY(2016).The relative contributions of rare and common species to the patterns of species richness in plant communities.Biodiversity Science,24,658-664.[王世雄,赵亮,李娜,郭华,王孝安,段仁燕(2016).稀有种和常见种对植物群落物种丰富度格局的相对贡献.生物多样性,24,658-664.]
Wang YS,Shangguan TL(2010).Discussion on calculating method of important values.Journal of Shanxi University,33,312-316.[王育松,上官铁梁(2010).关于重要值计算方法的若干问题.山西大学学报(自然科学版),33,312-316.]
Xiao ML(2014).Species Abundance Distribution of Zoker Mound Plant Community Along Restoration Progress and Its Relationship with Mound Area.Master degree dissertation,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou.[肖美玲(2014).鼢鼠土丘植物群落恢复演替过程中的物种-多度分布及其与鼠丘面积的关系.硕士学位论文,兰州大学,兰州.]
Zhang JT(1999).Species abundance patterns in some broadleaved deciduous forests in New York,USA.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,23,481-489.[张金屯(1999).美国纽约州阔叶林物种-多度格局的研究.植物生态学报,23,481-489.]
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |