全球钴矿资源特征及勘查研究进展
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摘要
近年来,钴矿相关新兴产业方兴未艾,从新能源汽车的充电电池到喷气涡轮机中的超级合金,钴均是不可或缺的关键金属材料之一。文章介绍了全球钴矿类型及分布特征,着重对近年来全球钴矿的勘查、研究取得的进展进行了梳理和总结。迄今为止,全球钴资源主要来源于沉积岩容矿型层控Cu-Co矿床、红土型Ni-Co矿床和岩浆型Ni-Cu-Co矿床及热液、火山成因钴多金属矿床,但总体分布极不均衡。热液及火山成因Co多金属矿床多数以Co为主要金属,表现出较大的找矿的潜力。上述几种钴矿床大多与基性-超基性岩有着直接的或间接的成因联系。此外,还有大量的钴资源赋存在洋底Fe-Mn结核与结壳内。关于钴矿的成矿条件、构造背景与成矿机理等关键问题仍亟需开展进一步的研究工作,深入理解钴矿的成矿规律并建立行之有效的找矿模型,将为"新能源时代"钴矿的勘查和开发提供有效的支撑和指导。
The emerging industry related to cobalt is developing at a high speed in recent years. Cobalt is one of the indispensable metals in the manufacture of rechargeable batteries for new-energy vehicles and superalloy in turbine engines for jet aircrafts. This paper gives a brief account of the types and characteristics of global cobalt deposits and summarizes the progress of the cobalt prospecting and research. The global cobalt resources mainly occur in the forms of stratabound Cu-Co deposits, Ni-Co laterite deposits, magmatic Ni-Cu-Co sulfide deposits and hydrothermal and volcanogenic deposits, which exhibit extremely uneven distributions. The hydrothermal and volcanic Co-polymetallic deposits have mostly produced Co as the main commodity and have a good prospecting potentiality. Most Co deposits are more or less associated with mafic to ultramafic rocks. Moreover, large quantities of cobalt resources occur in extensive deposits of Fe-Mn nodules and crusts on the modern sea floor. There is absolutely an urgent need for further research on ore-forming conditions, tectonic settings and mineralization mechanism of cobalt deposits. The comprehensive understanding of metallogeny and practical prospecting models would be significantly beneficial for exploration and exploitation of cobalt resources in this"new-energy era".
The emerging industry related to cobalt is developing at a high speed in recent years. Cobalt is one of the indispensable metals in the manufacture of rechargeable batteries for new-energy vehicles and superalloy in turbine engines for jet aircrafts. This paper gives a brief account of the types and characteristics of global cobalt deposits and summarizes the progress of the cobalt prospecting and research. The global cobalt resources mainly occur in the forms of stratabound Cu-Co deposits, Ni-Co laterite deposits, magmatic Ni-Cu-Co sulfide deposits and hydrothermal and volcanogenic deposits, which exhibit extremely uneven distributions. The hydrothermal and volcanic Co-polymetallic deposits have mostly produced Co as the main commodity and have a good prospecting potentiality. Most Co deposits are more or less associated with mafic to ultramafic rocks. Moreover, large quantities of cobalt resources occur in extensive deposits of Fe-Mn nodules and crusts on the modern sea floor. There is absolutely an urgent need for further research on ore-forming conditions, tectonic settings and mineralization mechanism of cobalt deposits. The comprehensive understanding of metallogeny and practical prospecting models would be significantly beneficial for exploration and exploitation of cobalt resources in this"new-energy era".
引文
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