石家庄滹沱河地区地下水高硬度成因:影响因素及多元统计分析
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摘要
以石家庄滹沱河典型地区为对象,运用描述性分析、聚类分析和因子分析研究了地下水高硬度的成因。研究区地下水总硬度超标严重,超标率为85.2%,地下水总硬度与pH和井深在0.01水平上呈显著性负相关,与TDS和NO_3~-在0.01水平上呈显著性正相关;聚类分析将地下水分成了3种类型,从Ⅰ类至Ⅲ类水, SO_4~(2-)和Cl~-以及Na+K毫克当量百分数在逐渐增大,受人类活动的影响显著;因子分析结果表明,影响地下水化学组分(尤其是总硬度)的因素有:由工业和生活污染引起的钙镁碳酸盐及硅酸盐的溶滤作用和阳离子交换反应,农业生产产生的污染,地下水的氧化还原环境,其贡献率分别为56.3%、17.4%和12.5%。
Multivariate statistics analysis is carried out to study the high total hardness of groundwater from Hutuo River in Shijiazhuang area. The main conclusions are listed below.The total hardness of groundwater was negatively correlated with pH and well depth at 0.01 level, and positively correlated with TDS and NO_3~- at 0.01 level. According to cluster analysis, the groundwater was divided into three types: Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ.From type Ⅰ to Ⅲ, the milliequivalent concentration percentages of SO_4~(2-), Cl~- and Na~+ + K~+ increased gradually, significantly affected by human activities. Factor analysis results showed that:(1)Leaching of carbonates, silicates and cation exchange reaction were caused by industrial and domestic pollution;(2)Agricultural pollution;(3)Oxidation-reduction environment of groundwater were the three major factors contributing to groundwater quality, especially the total hardness.The contribution rates are 56.3%, 17.4% and 12.5%.
Multivariate statistics analysis is carried out to study the high total hardness of groundwater from Hutuo River in Shijiazhuang area. The main conclusions are listed below.The total hardness of groundwater was negatively correlated with pH and well depth at 0.01 level, and positively correlated with TDS and NO_3~- at 0.01 level. According to cluster analysis, the groundwater was divided into three types: Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ.From type Ⅰ to Ⅲ, the milliequivalent concentration percentages of SO_4~(2-), Cl~- and Na~+ + K~+ increased gradually, significantly affected by human activities. Factor analysis results showed that:(1)Leaching of carbonates, silicates and cation exchange reaction were caused by industrial and domestic pollution;(2)Agricultural pollution;(3)Oxidation-reduction environment of groundwater were the three major factors contributing to groundwater quality, especially the total hardness.The contribution rates are 56.3%, 17.4% and 12.5%.
引文
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[2]Kemper J M,Westerhoff P,Dotson A,et al.Nitrosamine,dimethylnitramine,and chloropicrin formation during strong base anion-exchange treatment[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2009,43:466-472.
[3]李丽敏,解彦平,王小青,等.石家庄市2008—2010年二次供水水质状况分析[J].医学动物防制,2010,26(10):904-906.
[4]于开宁,陈京生,葛正林.石家庄市地下水盐污染评价——双权均值法[J].地球学报,2000,21(2):221-226.
[5]Merchán D,Auqué L F,Acero P,et al.Geochemical processes controlling water salinization in an irrigated basin in Spain:identification of natural and anthropogenic influence[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,502:330-343.
[6]Singaraja C,Chidambaram S,Prasanna M V,et al.Statistical analysis of the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in hard rock coastal aquifers of Thoothukudi district in Tamil Nadu,India[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,71:451-464.
[7]Jilali A,Fagel N,Amar M,et al.Hydrogeochemical processes constrained by multivariate statistical methods and isotopic evidence of groundwater recharge in the aquifer of Figuig,Eastern High Atlas of Morocco[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2016,9:42.DOI:10.1007/s12517-015-2089-8.
[8]林永生,裴建国,杜毓超,等.基于多元统计方法的岩溶地下水化学特征及影响因素分析[J].环境化学,2016,35 (11):2394-2401.
[9]王喆,夏日元,Groves C,等.西南岩溶地区地下河水质影响因素的R型因子分析——以桂林寨底地下河为例[J].桂林理工大学学报,2014,34(1):45-50.
[10]卢颖,郭建强.基于多元统计方法的张掖盆地地下水化学特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(5):129-134.
[11]袁建飞,邓国仕,徐芬,等.毕节市北部岩溶地下水水化学特征及影响因素的多元统计分析[J].中国地质,2016,43(4):1446-1456.
[12]Jiang Y J,Wu Y X,Groves C,et al.Natural and anthropogenic factors affecting the groundwater quality in the Nandong karst underground river system in Yunan,China[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2009,109:49-61.
[13]Ledesma-Ruiz R,Pastén-Zapata E,Parra R,et al.Investigation of the geochemical evolution of groundwater under agricultural land:a case study in northeastern Mexico[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,521:410-423.
[14]李亚松.地下水质量综合评价方法研究——以滹沱河冲洪积扇为例[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2009.
[15]王欣宝,谷明旭,王新友.石家庄市城区地下水硬度升高机理分析[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(35):13709-13711.
[16]李玲玲.石家庄市水文地质条件分析[J].甘肃科技,2013,29(15):38-39,60.
[17]王俊杰.沈阳浑河傍河区域地下水氮素污染研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2013.
[18]吕航,李泽文,秦健,等.长春市地下水硬度异常及形成机理分析[J].中国环境管理,2007(2):40-42,44.
[19]陈静生,郭怀成.CO2分压及盐效应对碳酸盐沉积物地区地下水硬度升高的影响[J].环境科学学报,1981,1(1):91-94.
[20]钟佐燊,柳春芳,郭书琼,等.北京地下水硬度升高的化学机理探讨[J].工程勘察,1984(4):61-65.
[21]刘凌,王瑚,王则成.污水灌溉过程中离子交换问题的研究[J].河海大学学报,1996,24(3):88-93.
[22]王东胜,沈照理,钟佐燊,等.氮迁移转化对地下水硬度升高的影响[J].现代地质,1998,12(3):431-436.
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