不同天气条件下近地层风速脉动特征
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摘要
利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地-塔中地区的风速、风向观测资料,分析晴天、沙尘暴和扬沙天气条件下不同高度平均风速、风速脉动和风向脉动特征,探讨沙尘天气对近地层风速和风向脉动的影响。结果表明:①3种天气条件下,地表0. 5 m以上各高度层的脉动风速具有较好的相关性,且相邻高度脉动风速的相关性更加显著,相关系数均大于0. 68;脉动风速的波动范围与高度呈正比例关系。②随着高度的增加,沙尘暴和扬沙天气条件下的风速脉动强度呈增大趋势,而晴天时则是先增大后减小;风速脉动强度在沙尘暴天气时最大,扬沙天气次之,晴天最小;不同天气条件下2 m高度范围内风速脉动强度的增长速度大于2～10 m高度。③不同天气条件下风向脉动幅度均较小,且基本不随高度的改变而变化。
This study was based on the field observation and meteorological data at Tazhong in the Taklimakan Desert. The purposes of the study were to investigate the characteristics of wind velocity fluctuation over the quicksand surface in the desert hinterland,analyze the average wind speed and wind direction fluctuation on sunny day,in sandstorm and under blowing sand weather,and lucubrate the effects of sandstorm on the wind speed and wind direction fluctuation near the ground surface. The results are as follows:(1) There was a good correlation of wind speed fluctuation at different heights higher than 0. 5 m from the ground surface,especially there was a significant correlation of wind speed between the adjacent heights,and the correlation coefficient was higher than 0. 68. The wind speed fluctuation range was proportional to the height;(2) With the increase of height from the ground surface,the intensity of wind speed fluctuation was in an increase trend in sandstorm and under blowing sand weather,but it was increased at first and then decreased on sunny day. The increase of wind speed fluctuation intensity within 2-m height was higher than that at height range of 2-10 m under different weather conditions;(3) The wind direction fluctuation under different weather conditions was low and did not basically change with the height.
This study was based on the field observation and meteorological data at Tazhong in the Taklimakan Desert. The purposes of the study were to investigate the characteristics of wind velocity fluctuation over the quicksand surface in the desert hinterland,analyze the average wind speed and wind direction fluctuation on sunny day,in sandstorm and under blowing sand weather,and lucubrate the effects of sandstorm on the wind speed and wind direction fluctuation near the ground surface. The results are as follows:(1) There was a good correlation of wind speed fluctuation at different heights higher than 0. 5 m from the ground surface,especially there was a significant correlation of wind speed between the adjacent heights,and the correlation coefficient was higher than 0. 68. The wind speed fluctuation range was proportional to the height;(2) With the increase of height from the ground surface,the intensity of wind speed fluctuation was in an increase trend in sandstorm and under blowing sand weather,but it was increased at first and then decreased on sunny day. The increase of wind speed fluctuation intensity within 2-m height was higher than that at height range of 2-10 m under different weather conditions;(3) The wind direction fluctuation under different weather conditions was low and did not basically change with the height.
引文
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[16]王雪芹,杨东亮,马洋,等.沙漠-绿洲过渡带典型下垫面风速脉动特征---以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒绿洲为例[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(3):542-548.[Wang Xueqin,Yang Dongliang,Ma Yang,et al.Wind fluctuation over three typical ground surfaces in desert-oasis ecotone:A case at the southern rim of the Taklimakan Desert[J].Journal of Desert Research,2015,35(3):1-7.]
[17]安志山,张克存,谭立海,等.晴天和沙尘天气下沙漠绿洲过渡带近地表风速脉动特征[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(3):414-420.[An Zhishang,Zhang Kechun,Tan Lihai,et al.The wind speed fluctuation over the desert-oasis ecotone during sunny and duststorm weather processes[J].Journal of Desert Research,2017,35(3):414-420.]
[18]毛东雷,蔡富艳,杨余辉,等.新疆策勒4个典型下垫面近地层风速脉动特征[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(1):126-135.[Mao Donglei,Cai Fuyan,Yang Yuhui,et al.Wind speed fluctuation near ground surface over four typical underlying surfaces in Qira,Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(1):126-135.]
[19]尚河英,尹忠东,张鹏,等.戈壁地表野外风速脉动特征[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(1):123-128.[Shang Heying,Yin Zhongdong,Zhang Peng,et al.Characteristics of wind velocity fluctuation over Gobi underlying surface[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2017,41(1):123-128.]
[20]何清,杨兴华,艾力·买买提明,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠风蚀起沙观测研究---试验介绍与观测结果初报[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(2):315-322.[He Qing,Yang Xinghua,Ali Mamtimin,et al.Observation of dust emission by wind erosion in Takalimakan Desert[J].Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(2):315-322.]
[2]Bisal,F,Nielsen K F.Movement of soil particles in saltation[J].Revue Canadienne De La Science Du Sol,1962,42(1):81-86.
[3]Lyles L,Krauss R K.Threshold velocities and initial particle motion as influenced by air turbulence[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1971,14(10):584.
[4]邢茂,郭烈锦.紊流风场中起跳沙粒的轨迹特征[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(6):25-28.[Xing Mao,Guo Liejin.The trajectory characteristics of jumped sand particles in turbulent air flow[J].Journal of Desert Research,2003,23(6):628-631.]
[5]Anderson R S.Eolian sediment transport as a stochastic process:The effects of a fluctuating wind on particle trajectories[J].Journal of Geology,1987,95(4):497-512.
[6]闫光虎,武建军.脉动风场下风沙流结构的数值模拟[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(3):602-606.[Yan Guanghu,Wu Jianjun.Numerical simulation on windblown sand cloud in the fluctuating wind field[J].Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(3):602-606.]
[7]Butterfield G R.Transitional behavior of saltation:Wind tunnel observation of unsteady wind[J].Journal of Envionments,1998,39(3):377-394.
[8]张克存,屈建军,董治宝,等.风沙流中风速脉动对输沙量的影响[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(3):336-340.[Zhang Kecun,Qu Jianjun,Dong Zhibao,et al.Effect of wind speed fluctuation on sand transport rate[J].Journal of Desert Research,2006,26(3):336-340.]
[9]李振山,倪晋仁.风沙流中风速脉动的实验测量[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2003(4):352-360.[Li Zhenshan,Ni Jinren.Experimental measurement of air flow velocity fluctuation of windsand flux[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2003,11(4):352-360.]
[10]包慧娟,李振山.风沙流中风速纵向脉动的实验研究[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(2):132-135.[Bao Huijuan,Li Zhenshan.Longitudinal intensity of airflow turbulence with sand grain saltation in a wind tunnel[J].Journal of Desert Research,2004,24(2):244-247.]
[11]王萍,郑晓静.野外近地表风沙流脉动特征分析[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(6):1 622-1 628.[Wang Ping,Zheng Xiaojing.Fluctuating of wind-blown sand flux in filed wind condition[J].Journal of Desert Research,2013,33(6):1 622-1 628.]
[12]陈万隆,翁笃呜,丁裕国,等.植被内水平风速脉动特征[J].南京气象学院学报,1981(1):57-56.[Chen Wanlong,Weng Duming,Ding Yuguo,et al.Characters of pulsation of horizontal wind in a crop field[J].Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology,1981(1):57-56.]
[13]胡永锋,王雪芹,郭洪旭,等.古尔班通古特沙漠半固定沙垄表面风的脉动特征[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(2):393-399.[Hu Yongfeng,Wang Xueqin,Guo Hongxu,et al.Wind fluctuation over semi-fixed longitudinal dune in Gurbantunggut Desert[J].Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(2):393-399.]
[14]杨林,韩广,杨济,等.大风天气老哈河下游迎风侧谷坡的风速脉动特征[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(6):1 469-1 474.[Yang Lin,Han Guang,Yang Ji,et al.Characteristics of wind velocity fluctuation on the intensive windy days at windward slope of the downstream of the Laoha River[J].Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(6):1 469-1 474.]
[15]杨林,韩广,胡孟春,等.老哈河下游背风侧谷坡的风速脉动特征[J].干旱区研究,2015,32(3):579-584.[Yang Lin,Han Guang,Hu mengchun,et al.Wind velocity fluctuation characteristics at valley slope of the lee side in the downstream of the Laoha River[J].Arid Zone Research,2015,32(3):579-584.]
[16]王雪芹,杨东亮,马洋,等.沙漠-绿洲过渡带典型下垫面风速脉动特征---以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒绿洲为例[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(3):542-548.[Wang Xueqin,Yang Dongliang,Ma Yang,et al.Wind fluctuation over three typical ground surfaces in desert-oasis ecotone:A case at the southern rim of the Taklimakan Desert[J].Journal of Desert Research,2015,35(3):1-7.]
[17]安志山,张克存,谭立海,等.晴天和沙尘天气下沙漠绿洲过渡带近地表风速脉动特征[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(3):414-420.[An Zhishang,Zhang Kechun,Tan Lihai,et al.The wind speed fluctuation over the desert-oasis ecotone during sunny and duststorm weather processes[J].Journal of Desert Research,2017,35(3):414-420.]
[18]毛东雷,蔡富艳,杨余辉,等.新疆策勒4个典型下垫面近地层风速脉动特征[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(1):126-135.[Mao Donglei,Cai Fuyan,Yang Yuhui,et al.Wind speed fluctuation near ground surface over four typical underlying surfaces in Qira,Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(1):126-135.]
[19]尚河英,尹忠东,张鹏,等.戈壁地表野外风速脉动特征[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(1):123-128.[Shang Heying,Yin Zhongdong,Zhang Peng,et al.Characteristics of wind velocity fluctuation over Gobi underlying surface[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2017,41(1):123-128.]
[20]何清,杨兴华,艾力·买买提明,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠风蚀起沙观测研究---试验介绍与观测结果初报[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(2):315-322.[He Qing,Yang Xinghua,Ali Mamtimin,et al.Observation of dust emission by wind erosion in Takalimakan Desert[J].Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(2):315-322.]
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