旋挖钻孔灌注桩的混凝土充盈系数控制与现场试验
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摘要
旋挖钻孔灌注桩在不稳定地层施工过程中因成孔质量差造成混凝土充盈系数过高,严重影响工程效益。基于此,分析了混凝土充盈系数的影响因素,在工程现场泥浆具有局限性的的情况下,可以从控制最大允许提钻速度和改进钻头结构两方面开展研究工作。建立了最大允许提钻速度的理论计算模型,获得了环空比和泥浆密度对最大允许提钻速度的影响规律和显著性。针对具体工程地质条件,采用两瓣斗钻头结构,并从辅助排水孔和非光滑结构的合金球加强型截齿等方面进行改进设计,以提高旋挖钻进和排渣效率,从而降低成孔时间。现场试验结果表明,通过控制提钻速度和改进钻头结构,单桩旋挖成孔时间缩短28.57%,旋挖钻孔的混凝土充盈系数降低3.62%,显著节约了项目施工成本。
During the construction of cast-in-place piles by rotary drilling rig bit in the instable formation, low hole quality usually results in high concrete filling coefficient and more project costs. Aiming at this problem, this paper analyses influencing factors for the filling coefficient and suggests that controlling the maximum lifting velocity and optimizing rotary digging bit structure should be useful when drilling mud has some problems in the construction site. By establishing a theoretical model of the maximum lifting velocity, the effects and significances of annular ratio and mud density to the maximum lifting velocity are obtained. More importantly, ringent bit structure is employed according to a detailed engineering geology condition, and some specially designed characters, such as auxiliary drain holes, non-smooth cutter enhanced by tungsten carbide balls, are applied to improve rotary drilling rig and discharge efficiencies. Field test results indicate that, controlling the maximum lifting velocity and optimizing rotary digging bit structure can shorten the rotary digging time of a single pile by 28.57%, and reduce the concrete filling coefficient by 3.62%. The research results can save construction cost significantly and be helpful for the similar engineering.
During the construction of cast-in-place piles by rotary drilling rig bit in the instable formation, low hole quality usually results in high concrete filling coefficient and more project costs. Aiming at this problem, this paper analyses influencing factors for the filling coefficient and suggests that controlling the maximum lifting velocity and optimizing rotary digging bit structure should be useful when drilling mud has some problems in the construction site. By establishing a theoretical model of the maximum lifting velocity, the effects and significances of annular ratio and mud density to the maximum lifting velocity are obtained. More importantly, ringent bit structure is employed according to a detailed engineering geology condition, and some specially designed characters, such as auxiliary drain holes, non-smooth cutter enhanced by tungsten carbide balls, are applied to improve rotary drilling rig and discharge efficiencies. Field test results indicate that, controlling the maximum lifting velocity and optimizing rotary digging bit structure can shorten the rotary digging time of a single pile by 28.57%, and reduce the concrete filling coefficient by 3.62%. The research results can save construction cost significantly and be helpful for the similar engineering.
引文
[1] 张启君,张忠海,陈以田.旋挖钻机技术现状与市场前景[J].建筑机械化,2004,(6):13-16.
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[3] 冉灵杰,宋殿兰,刘家荣.30 m无循环取样钻机的研制[J].地质科技情报,2016,35(5):221-225.
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[13] 王俊利,刘会林.砂卵石地层中钻孔灌注桩成孔控制技术[J].施工技术,2011,40(13):75-76.
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[20] Du H,Wang G,Deng G,et al.Modelling the effect of mudstone cuttings on rheological properties of KCl/Polymer water-based drilling fluid[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2018,170:422-429.
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[22] 黄玉文,冯美贵,翁炜,等.旋挖钻斗切削结构的优化改进及其应用[J].探矿工程:岩土钻掘工程,2018,45(7):66-69.
[23] 杨引娥.大口径旋挖钻具的研究及其应用[J].探矿工程:岩土钻掘工程,2004,31(11):38-40.
[24] 李天太.实用钻井水力学计算与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
[25] 陈平.钻井与完井工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.
[26] 刘家荣.复杂地层桩孔钻进工艺及机具研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2010.
[27] 孙俊志.旋挖钻机钻头(泥斗)的改进[J].探矿工程:岩土钻掘工程,2008,35(3):32-33.
[28] 赵乐涛.仿生非光滑金刚石钻头的实验研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.
[29] Wang Zhaozhi,Zhang Zhihui,Sun Youhong,et al.Wear behavior of bionic impregnated diamond bits[J].Tribology International,2016,94:217-222.
[30] Wang Chuanliu.Experimental study on matrix wear resistance of bionic coupling bits[J].Procedia Engineering,2014,73:98-102.
[31] 刘晓辉.镐型截齿与煤岩相互作用力学与磨损特性研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2016.
[32] Li Xuefeng,Wang Shibo,Ge Shirong,et al.Numerical simulation of rock fragmentation during cutting by conical picks under confining pressure[J].Comptes Rendus Mecanique,2017,345:890-902.
[33] Kim E,Rostami J,Swope C,et al.Study of conical bit rotation using full-scale rotary cutting experiments[J].Journal of Mining Sciences,2012,48(4):717-731.
[2] 刘三意.多工艺旋挖钻进技术研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2008.
[3] 冉灵杰,宋殿兰,刘家荣.30 m无循环取样钻机的研制[J].地质科技情报,2016,35(5):221-225.
[4] 吕军斗,田文杰.旋挖钻机在无水砂卵石地层围护桩施工中的应用[J].建筑技术,2009,40(11):1010-1012.
[5] 丁振明,廖秋林,单晓峰.大粒径漂石地层钻孔灌注桩施工技术[J].施工技术,2015,44(23):59-60,78.
[6] 叶晓娟,祝晓东,吴昊.降低旋挖钻孔灌注桩混凝土充盈系数[J].水利建设与管理,2014,34(9):74-79.
[7] 孙建胜.旋挖钻在复杂地质条件下充盈系数的控制与研究[J].铁道建筑,2012(11):101-103.
[8] 李小青,郝行舟,朱宏平,等.大口径钻孔灌注桩的孔壁稳定研究分析[J].华中科技大学学报:城市科学版,2007,24(2):25-28.
[9] 刘睦峰,彭振斌,王建军,等.砂卵石层泥浆护壁与旋挖钻进工艺[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,41(1):265-271.
[10] Gill S A.Applications of slurry walls in civil engineering[J].Journal of Construction Division,1980,106(2):155-167.
[11] 徐奋强,王旭.护壁泥浆与孔壁稳定性及极限孔深[J].兰州交通大学学报:自然科学版,2004,23(4):9-12.
[12] 孔伟,段新胜,刘朝阳,等.旋挖钻机提钻速度对井壁稳定的影响分析[J].探矿工程:岩土钻掘工程,2008,35(1):55-57.
[13] 王俊利,刘会林.砂卵石地层中钻孔灌注桩成孔控制技术[J].施工技术,2011,40(13):75-76.
[14] 林伟,阮永芬,高春钦,等.岩溶地区旋挖桩施工质量控制措施研究[J].施工技术,2018,47(增刊1):93-95.
[15] 卜贵贤,蒿竹锋.粉黏土夹砂地基混凝土灌注桩的施工工艺与质量控制要点[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2010,8(6):90-93.
[16] Stephens M P,Bruton J R.Fluid selection and planning for drilling unconsolidated formations[R]//Anon.Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference.OTC-7021,1992:361-368.
[17] 乌效鸣,胡郁乐,贺冰新,等.钻井液与岩土工程浆液[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002.
[18] AI-Sammak I,Ahmed K,De S,et al.Coring unconsolidated formation-Lower fars:A case study[C]//Anon.SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference,MEOS,Proceedings.SPE-119918,2009:365-380.
[19] 宋继伟,蒋国盛,李勇.南海珊瑚礁本底调查“琛科一井”钻探工艺[J].地质科技情报,2017,36(5):232-237.
[20] Du H,Wang G,Deng G,et al.Modelling the effect of mudstone cuttings on rheological properties of KCl/Polymer water-based drilling fluid[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2018,170:422-429.
[21] Eshiet K I-I,Sheng Y.The performance of stochastic designs in wellbore drilling operations[J].Petroleum Science,2018(15):335-365.
[22] 黄玉文,冯美贵,翁炜,等.旋挖钻斗切削结构的优化改进及其应用[J].探矿工程:岩土钻掘工程,2018,45(7):66-69.
[23] 杨引娥.大口径旋挖钻具的研究及其应用[J].探矿工程:岩土钻掘工程,2004,31(11):38-40.
[24] 李天太.实用钻井水力学计算与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.
[25] 陈平.钻井与完井工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.
[26] 刘家荣.复杂地层桩孔钻进工艺及机具研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2010.
[27] 孙俊志.旋挖钻机钻头(泥斗)的改进[J].探矿工程:岩土钻掘工程,2008,35(3):32-33.
[28] 赵乐涛.仿生非光滑金刚石钻头的实验研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.
[29] Wang Zhaozhi,Zhang Zhihui,Sun Youhong,et al.Wear behavior of bionic impregnated diamond bits[J].Tribology International,2016,94:217-222.
[30] Wang Chuanliu.Experimental study on matrix wear resistance of bionic coupling bits[J].Procedia Engineering,2014,73:98-102.
[31] 刘晓辉.镐型截齿与煤岩相互作用力学与磨损特性研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2016.
[32] Li Xuefeng,Wang Shibo,Ge Shirong,et al.Numerical simulation of rock fragmentation during cutting by conical picks under confining pressure[J].Comptes Rendus Mecanique,2017,345:890-902.
[33] Kim E,Rostami J,Swope C,et al.Study of conical bit rotation using full-scale rotary cutting experiments[J].Journal of Mining Sciences,2012,48(4):717-731.
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