南荻炭基土壤调理剂施用对水稻光合特性及产量的影响
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摘要
叶片光合性能是作物产量形成的物质基础与决定因素。为了明确南荻炭基土壤调理剂施用后的水稻增产效应,采用盆栽试验,以籼型两系杂交稻‘深两优5814’为试验材料,探究SC1、SC2、SC3三种不同配方的南荻炭基土壤调理剂施用对水稻抽穗日期、叶片光合性能及产量的影响。结果表明:①南荻炭基土壤调理剂施用后,水稻抽穗日期提前4～12 d,达显著促进效应,其中土壤调理剂SC3促进效应最佳;②与CK相比,土壤调理剂施用后水稻Pn显著提升22.8%～62.4%,其中土壤调理剂SC2的增效作用最显著。此外,土壤调理剂SC1施用后可显著提高水稻叶片Gs、Ci和Tr,较CK分别提高57.0%、8.2%和18.2%;③水稻叶片中与光合作用相关中微量元素也显著增加,其中Mg含量增加22.79%～24.80%,Fe含量增加82.2%～89.8%,且3种土壤调理剂间无显著差异(P>0.05);而对P含量的增加效应,土壤调理剂SC1显著高于SC2和SC3;④与CK相比,三种土壤调理剂对水稻的增产率达24.2%～35.0%,SC2的增产效果最佳。综上所述,南荻炭基土壤调理剂施用后通过促进水稻抽穗日期的提前,提高水稻光合效率,从而促进水稻产量的提高。
Leaf photosynthetic charateristics are material basis and determinants of crop yield formation. In order to explore the effects of applying M. lutarioriparius-derived biochar soil conditioner on rice yield-increasing,this paper conducted pot cultivation experiment; took indica two-line hybrid rice "Shenliangyou 5814"as test material; and studied the effects of applying Miscanthus lutarioriparius-derived biochar soil conditioners of 3 different treatments SC1,SC2,SC3 on rice heading date,leaf photosynthetic property and rice yield. Results showed that ① after applying M. lutarioriparius-derived biochar soil conditioner,the rice heading date was 4 ～ 12 d in advance,showing significant accelerating effect. Among the 3 soil conditioners,SC3 had the best accelerating effect. ② Compared with CK,after applying soil conditioner,rice Pn was significantly enhanced by 22.8% ～ 62.4%. Soil conditioner SC2 had the most significant synergia effect. Besides,after applying soil conditioner SC1,Gs,Ciand Trof rice leaf blades were markedly improved than those of CK by 57. 0%,8. 2% and 18. 2%,respectively. ③ The accumulation of photosynthetic related trace elements in rice leaves were significantly increased,the contents of Mg,Fe were increased by 22.79% ～ 24. 80%,82. 2% ～ 89. 8%,respectively. And there were no significant differences between these 3 soil conditioners(P> 0.05). As for P content increasing effect,soil conditioner SC1 was obviousely higher than SC2 and SC3. ④ Compared with CK,rice yield increasing rate of these 3 soil conditioners could reach 24.2% ～35.0%. Soil conditioner SC2 had the best yield increasing effect. In conclusion,applying M. lutarioriparius-derived biochar soil conditioner could advance rice heading date,improve rice photosynthetic efficiency,therefore promote the increase of rice yield.
Leaf photosynthetic charateristics are material basis and determinants of crop yield formation. In order to explore the effects of applying M. lutarioriparius-derived biochar soil conditioner on rice yield-increasing,this paper conducted pot cultivation experiment; took indica two-line hybrid rice "Shenliangyou 5814"as test material; and studied the effects of applying Miscanthus lutarioriparius-derived biochar soil conditioners of 3 different treatments SC1,SC2,SC3 on rice heading date,leaf photosynthetic property and rice yield. Results showed that ① after applying M. lutarioriparius-derived biochar soil conditioner,the rice heading date was 4 ～ 12 d in advance,showing significant accelerating effect. Among the 3 soil conditioners,SC3 had the best accelerating effect. ② Compared with CK,after applying soil conditioner,rice Pn was significantly enhanced by 22.8% ～ 62.4%. Soil conditioner SC2 had the most significant synergia effect. Besides,after applying soil conditioner SC1,Gs,Ciand Trof rice leaf blades were markedly improved than those of CK by 57. 0%,8. 2% and 18. 2%,respectively. ③ The accumulation of photosynthetic related trace elements in rice leaves were significantly increased,the contents of Mg,Fe were increased by 22.79% ～ 24. 80%,82. 2% ～ 89. 8%,respectively. And there were no significant differences between these 3 soil conditioners(P> 0.05). As for P content increasing effect,soil conditioner SC1 was obviousely higher than SC2 and SC3. ④ Compared with CK,rice yield increasing rate of these 3 soil conditioners could reach 24.2% ～35.0%. Soil conditioner SC2 had the best yield increasing effect. In conclusion,applying M. lutarioriparius-derived biochar soil conditioner could advance rice heading date,improve rice photosynthetic efficiency,therefore promote the increase of rice yield.
引文
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[3]代允超,吕家珑,曹莹菲,等.石灰和有机质对不同性质镉污染土壤中镉有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(3):514-519.Dai Y C,Lyu J L,Cao Y F,et al.. Effects of lime and organic amendments on Cd availability in Cd-contaminated soils with different properties[J]. J. Agro-Environ. Sci.,2014,33(3):514-519.
[4]蔡东,肖文芳,李国怀.施用石灰改良酸性土壤的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(9):206-213.Cai D,Xiao W F,Li G H. Advance on study of liming on acid soils[J]. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull.,2010,26(9):206-213.
[5] Zhao B Q,Li X Y, Shi X J, et al.. Long-term fertilizer experiment network in China:Crop yields and soil nutrient trends[J]. Agron. J.,2010,102(1):216-230.
[6]廖雄辉,龙琴,王惠群,等.南荻炭与镉钝化剂互作对水稻镉含量和产量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(9):1818-1826.Liao X H,Long Q,Wang H Q,et al.. Interaction effects of Miscanthus lutarioriparius-derived biochar and cadmium passivators on rice cadmium content and yield[J]. J. AgroEnviron. Sci.,2018,37(9):1818-1826.
[7] Koide R T, Nguyen B T, Skinner R H, et al.. Biochar amendment of soil improves resilience to climate change[J].GCB Bioenergy,2014,5(7):1084-1091.
[8] Kammann C I,Linsel S, Gling J, et al.. Influence of biochar on drought tolerance of Chenopodium quinoa Willd and on soil-plant relations[J]. Plant Soil,2010,345:195-210.
[9] David L,Pierce F,Baiqun W,et al.. Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a midwestern agricultural soil[J].Geoderma,2010,158:436-442.
[10] Ajayi A E,Holthusen D,Horn R. Changes in microstructural behaviour and hydraulic functions of biochar amended soils[J]. Soil Till. Res.,2016,155:166-175.
[11] Kumari K G I D,Moldrup P,Paradelo M,et al.. Effects of biochar on dispersibility of colloids in agricultural soils[J]. J.Environ. Qual.,2017,46(1):143-152.
[12] Gul S,Whalen J K,Thmoas B W,et al.. Physico-chemical properties and microbial responses in biochar-amended soils:Mechanisms and future directions[J]. Agric. Ecosyst.Environ.,2015,206:46-59.
[13] Wu W,Yang M,Feng Q,et al.. Chemical characterization of rice straw-derived biochar for soil amendment[J]. Biomass Bioenerg.,2012,47:268-276.
[14] Liang J,Yang Z X,Tang L,et al.. Changes in heavy metal mobility and availability from contaminated wetland soil remediated with combined biochar-compost[J]. Chemosphere,2017,181:281-288.
[15]蔡威威,艾天成,李然,等.控释肥及尿素添加剂对双季稻光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(3):54-60.Cai W W,Ai T C,Li R,et al.. Effect of controlled release fertilizer and urea additive on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of double cropping rice[J]. Soil Fert. Sci. China,2018(3):54-60.
[16]陈畅.水稻生殖生长期不同时段高温对产量和稻米品质影响的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,博士学位论文,2014.Chen C. Effect of high temperature in different periods during rice reproductive stage on grain yield and rice productivity[D]. Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University, Doctor Dissertation,2014.
[17]潘圣刚,曹凑贵,蔡明历,等.不同灌溉模式下氮肥水平对水稻氮素利用效率、产量及其品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):283-289.Pan S G,Cao C G,Cai M L,et al.. Effects of nitrogen application on nitrogen use efficiency,grain yields and qualities of rice under different water regimes[J]. Plant Nutr. Fert.Sci.,2009,15(2):283-289.
[18]尤小涛,荆奇,姜东,等.节水灌溉条件下氮肥对粳稻稻米产量和品质及氮素利用的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2006,20(2):199-204.You X T, Jing Q, Jiang D, et al.. Effects of nitrogen application on nitrogen utilization and grain yield and quality in rice under water saving irrigation[J]. Chin. J. Rice Sci.,2006,20(2):199-204.
[19]郭智,刘红江,张岳芳,等.氮磷减施对水稻剑叶光合特性、产量及氮素利用率的影响[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(10):2263-2269.Guo Z, Liu H J, Zhang Y F, et al.. Effects of reducing nitrogen and phosphorus application on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves,grain yield,and nitrogen use efficiency of rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Southwest China J.Agric. Sci.,2017,30(10):2263-2269.
[20]谢晓金,李秉柏,朱红霞,等.抽穗期高温对水稻叶片光合特性和干物质积累的影响[J].中国农业气象,2012,33(3):457-461.Xie X J,Li B B,Zhu H X,et al.. Impact of high temperature at heading stage on rice photosynthetic characteristic and dry matter accumulation[J]. Chin. J. Agrometeorol.,2012,33(3):457-461.
[21]谢晓金,李秉柏,李映雪,等.抽穗期高温胁迫对水稻产量构成要素和品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,2010,31(3):411-415.Xie X J,Li B B,Li Y X,et al.. Effects of high temperature stress on yield components and grain quality during heading stage[J]. Chin. J. Agrometeorol.,2010,31(3):411-415.
[22]孙园园,孙永健,陈林,等.不同播期和抽穗期弱光胁迫对杂交稻生理性状及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2737-2744.Sun Y Y,Sun Y J,Chen L,et al.. Effects of different sowing dates and low-light stress at heading stage on the physiological characteristics and grain yield of hybrid rice[J]. Chin. J.Appl. Ecol.,2012,23(10):2737-2744.
[23] Liu Y X,Lu H H,Yang S M,et al.. Impacts of biochar addition on rice yield and soil properties in a cold waterlogged paddy for two crop seasons[J]. Filed Crop. Res.,2016,191:161-167.
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