黄土丘陵区危险废物填埋场地下水环境影响评价
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摘要
为系统识别危险废物填埋场项目建设可能对区域地下水环境造成的影响,结合黄土丘陵区特殊的水文地质条件特征,建立基于包气带污染物垂向迁移模拟的数值模型方法。从拟建危险废物填埋场工程布局及可能的污染风险识别出发,设置地下水环境影响评价要素及情景,开展地下水环境影响识别和预测分析。影响预测结果表明:在填埋区防渗层事故破损出现泄漏的情景下,随渗滤液进入土壤环境的铅、镍污染物穿透包气带需18～19 a,事故情景下污染物渗漏不会影响区域地下水环境。在按照相关技术规范要求对填埋场区采取有效防渗措施,并完善填埋场防渗系统的渗漏破损检测系统建设的前提下,该选址地下水环境保护目标可行。
In order to systematically identify the possible impact of hazardous waste landfill construction project on regional groundwater environment, the numerical modeling method of vertical transport of pollutants in unsaturated zone are built based on the special characteristics of hydrogeological conditions in the loess hilly region of northwest China and the factors and scenes of the groundwater environmental impacts are identified and simulated based on the landfill site layout and the possible pollution risk. The prediction results show that it will take 18～19 years for Pb and Ni to pierce through the upper aeration zone and leakage of pollutants in accident scenarios will not affect the groundwater environment in this area. On the premise of taking effective anti-seepage measures for landfill area in accordance with the relevant technical specifications, and the construction of landfill leakage detection system, the groundwater environmental protection target for site selection of this hazardous waste landfill is reachable.
In order to systematically identify the possible impact of hazardous waste landfill construction project on regional groundwater environment, the numerical modeling method of vertical transport of pollutants in unsaturated zone are built based on the special characteristics of hydrogeological conditions in the loess hilly region of northwest China and the factors and scenes of the groundwater environmental impacts are identified and simulated based on the landfill site layout and the possible pollution risk. The prediction results show that it will take 18～19 years for Pb and Ni to pierce through the upper aeration zone and leakage of pollutants in accident scenarios will not affect the groundwater environment in this area. On the premise of taking effective anti-seepage measures for landfill area in accordance with the relevant technical specifications, and the construction of landfill leakage detection system, the groundwater environmental protection target for site selection of this hazardous waste landfill is reachable.
引文
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[19] 傅臣家,刘洪禄,吴文勇,等.六价铬在土壤中吸持和迁移的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(2):9-13.
[20] 黄仁华,高康.电学渗漏检测在防渗土工膜施工质量保证中的应用[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2007(2):241-246.
[21] 谭承军,商照荣,程喆,等.核电厂水文地质概念模型与地下水监测井布设[J].人民长江,2015,46(10):38-41.
[2] 王琪,黄启飞,闫大海,等.我国危险废物管理的现状与建议[J] .环境工程技术学报,2013,3(1):11-13.
[3] 龙朝晖,杨芸,毕朝文.危险废物的环境风险评价探讨[J].中国资源综合利用,2004,11(4):21-23.
[4] Li Y,Li J H,Chen S S,et al.Establishing Indices for Groundwater Contamination risk assessment in the vicinity of hazardous waste landfills in China[J].Environmental Pollution,2012,165(6):77-90.
[5] 张家炜.中国工业危险废物的环保管理现状与对策建议研究[J].环境科学与管理,2016,41(4):16-18.
[6] Hung M L,Wu S Y,Chen Y D,et al.The Health Risk Assessment of Pb and Cr leachated from fly ash monolith[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,172(1):316-323.
[7] 马志飞,安达,姜永海,等.某危险废物填埋场地下水污染预测及控制模拟[J] .环境科学,2012,33(1):64-70.
[8] 王翊虹,赵勇胜.北京北天堂地区城市垃圾填埋对地下水的污染[J].水文地质工程地质,2002,29( 6) :45-47.
[9] 陈亚宇,能昌信,董路,等.基于边界定位法的填埋场渗漏检测[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(3):346-351.
[10] 宋启龙,靳孟贵,解世勇,等.周口北郊垃圾填埋场渗滤液的渗漏量及COD 变化模拟分析[J].地质科技情报,2012,31(6):157-160.
[11] 喻晓,张甲耀,刘楚良.垃圾渗滤液污染特性及其处理技术研究和应用趋势[J].环境科学与技术,2002,25(5):43-46.
[12] 徐亚,刘玉强,能昌信,等.基于概率风险分析的填埋场安全防护距离研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(7):2786-2792.
[13] Thomas F,Sun P,Scott D,et al.Probabilistic assessment of environmental exposure to the polycyclic musk,HHCB and associated risks in wastewater treatment plant mixing zones and sludge amended soils in the United States[J].Science of The Total Environment,2014,493(15):1079-1087.
[14] 沈楼燕,李海港.尾矿库防渗土工膜渗漏问题的探讨[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2009,61(3):71-74.
[15] Kirkley K.Heatwole,John E.McCray.Modeling potential vadose-zone transport of nitrogen from onsite wastewater systems at the development scale[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2007,91(1):184-201.
[16] J Maximilian Kohne,Sigrid Kohne,Jirka Simunek.Multi-process herbicide transport in structured soil columns:Experiments and model analysis[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2006,85(1-2):1-32.
[17] 郝芳华,孙雯,曾阿妍,等.Hydrus-1D 模型对河套灌区不同灌施情景下氮素迁移的模拟[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(5):853-858.
[18] 马欢,杨大文,雷慧闽,等.Hydrus-1D模型在田间水循环规律分析中的应用及改进[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(3):6-12.
[19] 傅臣家,刘洪禄,吴文勇,等.六价铬在土壤中吸持和迁移的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(2):9-13.
[20] 黄仁华,高康.电学渗漏检测在防渗土工膜施工质量保证中的应用[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2007(2):241-246.
[21] 谭承军,商照荣,程喆,等.核电厂水文地质概念模型与地下水监测井布设[J].人民长江,2015,46(10):38-41.
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