蚕粉替代鱼粉对加州鲈幼鱼生长、饲料利用及体成分的影响
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摘要
本研究评价了蚕粉对加州鲈(Micropterus salmonides)幼鱼生长、饲料利用率和体成分的影响。选用初始均体重为(3.13±0.04) g的加州鲈540尾,随机分成6个实验组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾实验鱼,分别以蚕粉替代0(对照组)、10%、20%、30%、40%和50%的鱼粉设计出6种等氮、等能的饲料配方,按照配方配制实验饲料。由于后期养殖气温下降,不适合继续进行实验,本养殖时间为45 d。结果显示,加州鲈的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)及蛋白质效率(PER)均随蚕粉替代水平的升高呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,且其WGR、SGR和PER均在蚕粉替代水平为30%时达到最大(分别为227.87%、1.98%/d和164.55%)(P<0.05);饲料系数(FCR)则随蚕粉替代水平的升高呈先降后升的变化趋势,且在蚕粉替代水平为30%时达到最低(为1.43)(P<0.05);肥满度(CF)、肝体比(HSI)、脏体比(VSI)则随蚕粉替代水平的升高而呈先上升后下降并趋于稳定的趋势(P<0.05);实验期间各组实验鱼的成活率(SR)差异不显著(P>0.05)。通过二次回归分析可知,加州鲈幼鱼WGR、SGR、FCR及PER最优时饲料的蚕粉替代比例分别为19.90%、22.00%、18.11%和17.90%;加州鲈全鱼粗脂肪含量随蚕粉替代水平的升高呈先降低后升高的变化趋势(P<0.05),粗蛋白含量随蚕粉替代水平的升高无明显变化(P>0.05),水分除蚕粉替代水平为10%和40%组差异显著外(P<0.05),其余各实验组差异不显著(P>0.05),蚕粉替代水平大于20%时,全鱼灰分显著降低(P<0.05)。在本实验条件下,综合考虑实验鱼的生长指标、饲料利用和体成分,饲料中蚕粉适宜的替代水平为17.90%～22.00%。
This experiment evaluated the effects of fish meal(FM) replacement by silkworm powder(SP) on the growth performance and body composition of juvenile black bass(Micropterus salmonides).Six isonitrogenous and isoenergic diets were formulated by the replacement of 0(control), 10%, 20%,30%, 40%, and 50% FM with SP. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of 30 juvenile black bass(total, 540 fish) with an initial body weight of(3.13±0.04) g. Owing to the decline in the temperature, the breeding cycle was 45 days. The results show that weight growth rate(WGR), special growth rate(SGR),and the protein efficiency ratio(PER) of black bass increased first and then decreased as along with the replacement rate increased, and reached maximum when replacement level was 30%, with increases of227.87%, 1.98%/day, and 164.55%, respectively(P<0.05). The feed conversion rate(FCR) decreased first,then increased as along with the replacement rate increased, and reached a minimum when replacement level was 30%, with a decrease of 1.43(P<0.05). The condition factor(CF), hepatopancreas somatic index(HSI), and viscera somatic index(VSI) increased first, then decreased as the replacement rate increased, and finally tended towards stability(P<0.05). The survival rate(SR) of the six groups of black bass was not significantly different(P>0.05). Through quadric regression analysis, when WGR, SGR,FCR, and PER reached the optimum values, the replacement rates were 19.90%, 22.00%, 18.11%, and17.90%, respectively. The content of crude lipid decreased first and then increased as the replacement rate increased(P<0.05); whole body crude protein did not change significantly as the replacement rate increased(P>0.05); moisture content in the whole body was not significantly different in any group(P>0.05) except the 10% and 40% groups(P<0.05); and the ash content of the whole fish decreased significantly when the replacement rates were above 20%(P<0.05). Therefore, under the experimental conditions, the measurement of the growth performance and body composition of black bass indicated that the optimum substitution rate of SP with FM was between 17.90% and 22.00%.
This experiment evaluated the effects of fish meal(FM) replacement by silkworm powder(SP) on the growth performance and body composition of juvenile black bass(Micropterus salmonides).Six isonitrogenous and isoenergic diets were formulated by the replacement of 0(control), 10%, 20%,30%, 40%, and 50% FM with SP. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of 30 juvenile black bass(total, 540 fish) with an initial body weight of(3.13±0.04) g. Owing to the decline in the temperature, the breeding cycle was 45 days. The results show that weight growth rate(WGR), special growth rate(SGR),and the protein efficiency ratio(PER) of black bass increased first and then decreased as along with the replacement rate increased, and reached maximum when replacement level was 30%, with increases of227.87%, 1.98%/day, and 164.55%, respectively(P<0.05). The feed conversion rate(FCR) decreased first,then increased as along with the replacement rate increased, and reached a minimum when replacement level was 30%, with a decrease of 1.43(P<0.05). The condition factor(CF), hepatopancreas somatic index(HSI), and viscera somatic index(VSI) increased first, then decreased as the replacement rate increased, and finally tended towards stability(P<0.05). The survival rate(SR) of the six groups of black bass was not significantly different(P>0.05). Through quadric regression analysis, when WGR, SGR,FCR, and PER reached the optimum values, the replacement rates were 19.90%, 22.00%, 18.11%, and17.90%, respectively. The content of crude lipid decreased first and then increased as the replacement rate increased(P<0.05); whole body crude protein did not change significantly as the replacement rate increased(P>0.05); moisture content in the whole body was not significantly different in any group(P>0.05) except the 10% and 40% groups(P<0.05); and the ash content of the whole fish decreased significantly when the replacement rates were above 20%(P<0.05). Therefore, under the experimental conditions, the measurement of the growth performance and body composition of black bass indicated that the optimum substitution rate of SP with FM was between 17.90% and 22.00%.
引文
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Li XL,Wang L,Song K,et al.Effects of dietary low-molecular-weight fish hydrolysate(LWFH)on nonspecific immunity and antioxidant capacity of Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei).Progress in Fishery Sciences,2017,38(6):85-91[李晓丽,王玲,宋凯,等.低鱼粉饲料中添加低分子水解鱼蛋白对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫力和抗氧化能力的影响.渔业科学进展,2017,38(6):85-91]
Liang DN,Jiang XJ,Liu WB,et al.Apparent digestibility of nutrients in six kinds of non-conventional protein ingredients for Jian Carp.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,23(6):1065-1072[梁丹妮,姜雪姣,刘文斌,等.建鲤对6种非常规蛋白质原料中营养物质的表观消化率.动物营养学报,2011,23(6):1065-1072]
Liu DD.Study on partial replacement for fish meal with silkworm chrysalls in feed for rice field eel(Monopterus Albus).Master's Thesis of Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology,2009,28-29[刘丹丹.蚕蛹在黄鳝饲料中替代鱼粉的应用研究.西北农林科技大学硕士研究生学位论文,2009,28-29]
Mei L,Zhou HH,Mai KS,et al.Effects of dietary substitution of fishmeal by fermented silkworm pupae on the growth,feed intake,digestion and immunity of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.).Progress in Fishery Sciences,2015,36(3):85-92[梅琳,周慧慧,麦康森,等.蛹肽蛋白替代鱼粉对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼生长、饲料利用、消化代谢酶及免疫性能的影响.渔业科学进展2015,36(3):85-92]
Nandeesha,MC,Gangadhara B,Varghese TJ,et al.Growth response and flesh quality of common carp,Cyprinus carpio fed with high levels of nondefatted silkworm pupae.Asian Fisheries Science,2000,13(3):235-242
Nordrum S,Krogdahl A,R?sj?C,et al.Effects of methionine,cysteine and medium chain triglycerides on nutrient digestibility,absorption of amino acids along the intestinal tract and nutrient retention in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)under pair-feeding regime.Aquaculture,2000,186(3):341-360
Rangacharyulu PV,Giri SS,Paul BN,et al.Utilization of fermented silkworm pupae silage in feed for carps.Bioresource Technology,2003,86(1):29-32
Wang SW,Huang XZ,Luo L,et al.Effects of replacement of fish meal with silkworm pupae on growth performance,body composition and serum biochenmical idices of genetically improved farmed tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(9):2774-2783[王淑雯,黄先智,罗莉,等.蚕蛹替代鱼粉对吉富罗非鱼生长性能、体成分及血清生化指标的影响.动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2774-2783]
Wei MJ,He Y,Mai KS,et al.Effects of partial substitution of dietary fish meal by a mixture of feedstuffs on growth performance in juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.).Papers of the 9th World Chinese Fish and Shrimp Nutrition Symposium,2013,176[魏艳洁,何艮,麦康森,等.复合蛋白源部分替代饲料中的鱼粉对大菱鲆生长的影响.第九届世界华人鱼虾营养学术研讨会论文集,2013,176]
Yang JY,Ye MQ,Qi ZS,et al.Processing technology of silkworm pupae for feed and its application in animal husbandry and aquatic industry.China Sericulture,2009,30(4):11-13[杨吉园,叶明强,邝哲师,等.饲料用蚕蛹的加工技术及其在畜牧水产业中的应用.中国蚕业,200930(4):11-13]
Zhang JL,Yu P,Huang JQ,et al.Effects of fish meal replacement by defatted silkworm pupae on growth performance,body composition and health status of Jian carp(Cyprinus carpio var.Jian).Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2013,25(7):1568-1578[张建禄,余平,黄吉芹,等.脱脂蚕蛹替代饲料中鱼粉对建鲤生长性能、体成分及健康状况的影响.动物营养学报,2013,25(7):1568-1578]
Boscolo WR,Hayashi C,Meurer F,et al.Fish,meat and bone poultry by-products and silkworm meals as attractive in diets for Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)fingerlings.Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia,2001,30(5):1397-1402
Chen GD,Li XY,Xie DS.Study on silkworm pupae as turtle feed.Feed Research,1992(8):11-12[陈国定,李秀艳,谢德松.蚕蛹作甲鱼饲料的研究.饲料研究,1992(8):11-12]
Chen JC,Su RR,LüYM.Artificial propagation technique of Micropterus salmonoides.Fisheries Science,2001,20(4):21-23[陈建酬,苏润荣,吕贻民.加州鲈人工繁殖技术.水产科学,2001,20(4):21-23]
Chen JY,Ye YT,Guo JL,et al.Analysis of nutritional components in muscles of halibut,river bass and California bass.Feed Research,2007(9):52-54[陈佳毅,叶元土,郭建林,等.梭鲈、河鲈和加州鲈的肌肉营养成分分析.饲料研究,2007(9):52-54]
Gui ZZ,Chen J,Sun ZP,et al.Effect of silkworm powder on the growth,nutrition,immune and endocrine function in quails.Journal of Yangzhou University(Agricultural and Life Sciences Edition),2002,23(3):33-36[桂仲争,陈杰,孙镇平,等.全蚕粉对鹌鹑生长、营养、免疫及内分泌的影响.扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2002,23(3):33-36]
Gui ZZ,Dai JY,Chen JJ,et al.Studies on the edibility and therapeutic effects of the silkworm powder.Science of Sericulture,2004,30(1):107-110[桂仲争,戴建一,陈军建,等.全蚕粉的食用价值及其降血糖的临床实验效果.蚕业科学,2004,30(1):107-110]
He JH.Feed analysis and detection.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005,19-46[贺建华.饲料分析与检测.北京:中国农业出版社,2005,19-46]
Huang TS,Bai JJ,Li SJ,et al.Current situation and green development of california bass culture in China.China Fisheries,2017(12):44-47[黄太寿,白俊杰,李胜杰,等.我国加州鲈养殖现状和绿色发展问题探讨.中国水产,2017(12):44-47]
Ji H,Chen XF,Li J,et al.Effect of dietary replacement of fish meal protein with silkworm pupae on the growth performance,body composition,and health status of Cyprinus carpio var.specularis fingerlings.Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(10):159-161[吉红,程小飞,李杰,等.蚕蛹替代鱼粉对框鳞镜鲤幼鱼生长性能、体成分及健康状况的影响.水产学报,2012,36(10):159-161]
Li AJ.Nutrition and feed of aquatic animals.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1996,82-83[李爱杰.水产动物营养与饲料学.北京:中国农业出版社,1996,82-83]
Li XL,Wang L,Song K,et al.Effects of dietary low-molecular-weight fish hydrolysate(LWFH)on nonspecific immunity and antioxidant capacity of Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei).Progress in Fishery Sciences,2017,38(6):85-91[李晓丽,王玲,宋凯,等.低鱼粉饲料中添加低分子水解鱼蛋白对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫力和抗氧化能力的影响.渔业科学进展,2017,38(6):85-91]
Liang DN,Jiang XJ,Liu WB,et al.Apparent digestibility of nutrients in six kinds of non-conventional protein ingredients for Jian Carp.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,23(6):1065-1072[梁丹妮,姜雪姣,刘文斌,等.建鲤对6种非常规蛋白质原料中营养物质的表观消化率.动物营养学报,2011,23(6):1065-1072]
Liu DD.Study on partial replacement for fish meal with silkworm chrysalls in feed for rice field eel(Monopterus Albus).Master's Thesis of Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology,2009,28-29[刘丹丹.蚕蛹在黄鳝饲料中替代鱼粉的应用研究.西北农林科技大学硕士研究生学位论文,2009,28-29]
Mei L,Zhou HH,Mai KS,et al.Effects of dietary substitution of fishmeal by fermented silkworm pupae on the growth,feed intake,digestion and immunity of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.).Progress in Fishery Sciences,2015,36(3):85-92[梅琳,周慧慧,麦康森,等.蛹肽蛋白替代鱼粉对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼生长、饲料利用、消化代谢酶及免疫性能的影响.渔业科学进展2015,36(3):85-92]
Nandeesha,MC,Gangadhara B,Varghese TJ,et al.Growth response and flesh quality of common carp,Cyprinus carpio fed with high levels of nondefatted silkworm pupae.Asian Fisheries Science,2000,13(3):235-242
Nordrum S,Krogdahl A,R?sj?C,et al.Effects of methionine,cysteine and medium chain triglycerides on nutrient digestibility,absorption of amino acids along the intestinal tract and nutrient retention in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)under pair-feeding regime.Aquaculture,2000,186(3):341-360
Rangacharyulu PV,Giri SS,Paul BN,et al.Utilization of fermented silkworm pupae silage in feed for carps.Bioresource Technology,2003,86(1):29-32
Wang SW,Huang XZ,Luo L,et al.Effects of replacement of fish meal with silkworm pupae on growth performance,body composition and serum biochenmical idices of genetically improved farmed tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(9):2774-2783[王淑雯,黄先智,罗莉,等.蚕蛹替代鱼粉对吉富罗非鱼生长性能、体成分及血清生化指标的影响.动物营养学报,2015,27(9):2774-2783]
Wei MJ,He Y,Mai KS,et al.Effects of partial substitution of dietary fish meal by a mixture of feedstuffs on growth performance in juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.).Papers of the 9th World Chinese Fish and Shrimp Nutrition Symposium,2013,176[魏艳洁,何艮,麦康森,等.复合蛋白源部分替代饲料中的鱼粉对大菱鲆生长的影响.第九届世界华人鱼虾营养学术研讨会论文集,2013,176]
Yang JY,Ye MQ,Qi ZS,et al.Processing technology of silkworm pupae for feed and its application in animal husbandry and aquatic industry.China Sericulture,2009,30(4):11-13[杨吉园,叶明强,邝哲师,等.饲料用蚕蛹的加工技术及其在畜牧水产业中的应用.中国蚕业,200930(4):11-13]
Zhang JL,Yu P,Huang JQ,et al.Effects of fish meal replacement by defatted silkworm pupae on growth performance,body composition and health status of Jian carp(Cyprinus carpio var.Jian).Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2013,25(7):1568-1578[张建禄,余平,黄吉芹,等.脱脂蚕蛹替代饲料中鱼粉对建鲤生长性能、体成分及健康状况的影响.动物营养学报,2013,25(7):1568-1578]
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