驯食配合饲料的大口黑鲈3个选育世代的遗传多样性分析
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摘要
为了检测驯食配合饲料的大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)3个选育世代群体遗传多样性水平变化,利用微卫星标记技术对驯食配合饲料大口黑鲈选育基础群体(Sp0)和第二、三和四代选育群体(Sp2、Sp3和Sp4)共240尾样品进行检测。结果显示,18个微卫星位点共获得44个等位基因。Sp0、Sp2、Sp3和Sp4的平均观测杂合度(H_o)分别为0.4895、0.4802、0.4579和0.4206,平均期望杂合度(H_e)分别为0.4615、0.4454、0.4621和0.3916,平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.3791、0.3659、0.3764和0.3257。4个群体间的配对比较群体间遗传分化指数(F_(st))值在0.01612～0.16162之间、遗传距离(D_a)在0.0249～0.1434之间。遗传变异来源(AMOVA)分析显示,只有8.38%的变异来自于群体间,其余遗传变异均来自于个体间。研究表明,经连续多代选育之后,易驯食配合饲料的快长大口黑鲈选育群体具有中度遗传多样性,具备选育潜力,可继续进行选育。
Largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides) is a very important fish in commercial farming.As it is a carnivorous teleost, a large amount of forage fish and fish meal were used as food for largemouth bass every year. Residual forage fish and fish meal not only increase the costs of largemouth bass aquaculture, but also seriously pollute water bodies and farm lands. In order to reduce farming costs and protect the natural environment, selective breeding suitable for formulated feeds was carried out. In2012, our research team selected the breeding population contain Youlu No.1 largemouth bass and introduced north largemouth bass. The genetic structure of largemouth bass breeding population was analyzed based on microsatellite DNA markers. A total of 240 individuals, from the foundation population(Sp0), the second generation group(Sp2), the third generation group(Sp3), and the fourth generation group(Sp4)(60 individuals per population) were assayed with 18 microsatellites. The results showed that a total of 44 alleles were identified, the numbers of alleles(N_a) were 1～4 in four selected populations,respectively. The observed heterozygosity(H_o) of Sp0, Sp2, Sp3 and Sp4 was 0.4895, 0.4802, 0.4579 and0.4206, respectively; the expected heterozygosity(H_e) was 0.4615, 0.4454, 0.4621 and 0.3916,respectively; the polymorphism information content(PIC) of Sp0, Sp2, Sp3 and Sp4 was 0.3791, 0.3659,0.3764 and 0.3257, respectively. The F-statistics(F_(st)) value is between 0.01612 and 0.16162, and the genetic distance(D_a) is between 0.0249 and 0.1434. Partitioning of the genetic variation revealed that only 8.38% genetic variation was among the populations, and the other genetic variation was within the populations. The results showed that the artificially selected population using formulated feeds showed moderate genetic diversity, and still had great potential for future selective breeding.
Largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides) is a very important fish in commercial farming.As it is a carnivorous teleost, a large amount of forage fish and fish meal were used as food for largemouth bass every year. Residual forage fish and fish meal not only increase the costs of largemouth bass aquaculture, but also seriously pollute water bodies and farm lands. In order to reduce farming costs and protect the natural environment, selective breeding suitable for formulated feeds was carried out. In2012, our research team selected the breeding population contain Youlu No.1 largemouth bass and introduced north largemouth bass. The genetic structure of largemouth bass breeding population was analyzed based on microsatellite DNA markers. A total of 240 individuals, from the foundation population(Sp0), the second generation group(Sp2), the third generation group(Sp3), and the fourth generation group(Sp4)(60 individuals per population) were assayed with 18 microsatellites. The results showed that a total of 44 alleles were identified, the numbers of alleles(N_a) were 1～4 in four selected populations,respectively. The observed heterozygosity(H_o) of Sp0, Sp2, Sp3 and Sp4 was 0.4895, 0.4802, 0.4579 and0.4206, respectively; the expected heterozygosity(H_e) was 0.4615, 0.4454, 0.4621 and 0.3916,respectively; the polymorphism information content(PIC) of Sp0, Sp2, Sp3 and Sp4 was 0.3791, 0.3659,0.3764 and 0.3257, respectively. The F-statistics(F_(st)) value is between 0.01612 and 0.16162, and the genetic distance(D_a) is between 0.0249 and 0.1434. Partitioning of the genetic variation revealed that only 8.38% genetic variation was among the populations, and the other genetic variation was within the populations. The results showed that the artificially selected population using formulated feeds showed moderate genetic diversity, and still had great potential for future selective breeding.
引文
Bai JJ,Li SJ.Current status and development trend on China largemouth bass industry.Chinese Fisheries Economics,2013,31(5):104-108[白俊杰,李胜杰.我国大口黑鲈产业现状分析与发展对策.中国渔业经济,2013,31(5):104-108]
Bailey RM,Hubbs CL.The black basses(Micropterus)of Florida,with description of a new species.University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Occasional Papers,1949,516:1-40
Botstein D,White RL,Skolnick M,et al.Contstruction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphism.American Journal of Human Genetics1980,32(3):314-331
Chi XF,Jia ZY,Li CT,et al.SSR analysis of selected high-harvesting populations of common carp(Cyprinus carpio).Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2010,19(3):308-313[池喜峰,贾智英,李池陶,等.鲤易捕性状选育群体不同世代微卫星分析.上海海洋大学学报,2010,19(3):308-313]
Colbourne JK,Neff BD,Wright JM,et al.DNA fingerprinting of bluegill sunfish(Lepomis macrochirus)using(GT)n microsatellites and its potential for assessment of mating success.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences1996,53(2):342-349
DeWoody JA,Avise JC.Microsatellite variation in marine,freshwater,and anadromous fishes compared with other animals.Journal of Fish Biology,2000,56(3):461-473
Excoffier L,Lischer H.Arlequin suite ver3.5:A new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows.Molecular Ecology Resources,2010,10(3):564-567
Fan JJ,Bai JJ,Li SJ,et al.Establishment of DNA fingerprinting and analysis on genetic structure of largemouth bass with microsatellite.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2012,36(4):600-609[樊佳佳,白俊杰,李胜杰,等.大口黑鲈微卫星DNA指纹图谱的构建和遗传结构分析.水生生物学报,2012,36(4):600-609]
Fan JJ,Bai JJ,Li XH,et al.Identification of microsatellite markers associated with growth traits in largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides L.).Hereditas,2009a,31(5):515-522[樊佳佳,白俊杰,李小慧,等.大口黑鲈生长性状的微卫星DNA标记筛选.遗传,2009a,31(5):515-522]
Fan JJ,Bai JJ,Ye X,et al.Taxonomic status of largemouth bass cultured in China.Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2009b,24(1):83-86[樊佳佳,白俊杰,叶星,等.中国养殖大口黑鲈的亚种分类地位探讨.大连水产学院学报,2009b,24(1):83-86]
Guan YY,Liu WG,He MX.Genetic variation during four generations of selective breeding in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata.Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2013,20(4):764-770[管云雁,刘文广,何毛贤.马氏珠母贝选育群体4个世代的遗传变异.中国水产科学,2013,20(4):764-770]
Hou N,Zhang Y,Lu CY,et al.Genetic potential analysis of Germany mirror carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)using microsatellite markers.Hereditas,2007,29(12):1509-1518[侯宁,张研,鲁翠云,等.微卫星DNA标记分析德国镜鲤的遗传潜力.遗传,2007,29(12):1509-1518]
Kalinowski T,Taper ML,Marshall TC.Revising how the computer program cervus accommodates genotyping error increases success in paternity assignment.Molecular Ecology,2007,16(5):1099-1106
Li R,Bai JJ,Li SJ,et al.Analysis on genetic structure of selected population of largemouth bass by microsatellite DNAmarkers.Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2010,30(3):11-15[李镕,白俊杰,李胜杰,等.大口黑鲈选育群体遗传结构的微卫星分析.广东海洋大学学报,2010,30(3):11-15]
Li SJ,Bai JJ,Wang HY.The introduction of new varieties in Youlu No.1 largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides).Scientific Fish Farming,2011(9):46-47[李胜杰,白俊杰,汪洪永.大口黑鲈“优鲈1号”新品种简介.科学养鱼,2011(9):46-47]
Li T,Li W,Zhao J,et al.Correlation analysis of the microsatellite DNA markers and growth traits of Chinese soft shell turtle(Trionyx sinensis).Genomics and Applied Biology,2016,35(1):63-71[李婷,李伟,赵建,等.中华鳖(Trionyx sinensis)微卫星标记与生长性状的相关分析.基因组学与应用生物学,2016,35(1):63-71]
Liang SX,Sun XW,Bai JJ,et al.Genetic analysis for cultured largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)in China with microsatellites.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2008,32(5):694-700[梁素娴,孙效文,白俊杰,等.微卫星标记对中国引进加州鲈养殖群体遗传多样性的分析.水生生物学报,2008,32(5):694-700]
Liu HY,Li SJ,Bai JJ.Comparison and analysis of growth performance of breeding population and imported population of largemouth bass.Journal of Aquaculture,2015(9):1-5[刘海涌,李胜杰,白俊杰.大口黑鲈养殖群体和引进群体生长性能的比较分析.水产养殖,2015(9):1-5]
Lutz-Carrillo DJ,Nice CC,Bonner TH,et al.Admixture analysis of Florida largemouth bass and northern largemouth bass using microsatellite loci.Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2006,135(3):779-791
MacEina MJ,Murphy BR.Stocking Florida largemouth bass outside its native range.Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1992,121:686-691
Malloy TP,van den Bussche RA,Coughlin WD,et al.Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in smallmouth bass,Micropterus dolomieu(Teleostei:Centrarchidae),and cross-species amplification in spotted bass,M.punctulatus.Molecular Ecology,2000,9(11):1946-1948
Nei M.Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals.Genetics,197889(3):583-590
Sun CF,Ye X,Dong JJ,et al.Genetic diversity analysis of six cultured populations of Macrobrachium rosenbergii using microsatellite markers.South China Fisheries Science,2015,11(2):20-26[孙成飞,叶星,董浚键,等.罗氏沼虾6个养殖群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析.南方水产科学,2015,11(2):20-26]
Tamura K,Peterson D,Peterson N,et al.MEGA5:Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood evolutionary distance,and maximum parsimony methods.Molecular Biology and Evolution,2011,28(10):2731-2739
Wang J,Wang QY,Kong J,et al.SSR analysis on genetic diversity in breeding and wild populations of Fenneropenaeus chinensis.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2018,39(2):104-111[王军,王清印,孔杰,等.中国明对虾人工选育群体与野生群体遗传多样性的SSR分析.渔业科学进展,2018,39(2):104-111]
Wang RF,Li J,Li JT,et al.Genetic analysis of 33 microsatellite loci in 3 families of Exopalaemon carinicauda inbred line.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2017,38(4):78-86[王日芳,李健,李吉涛,等.脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)近交系3个家系33个微卫星座位的遗传分析.渔业科学进展,2017,38(4):78-86]
Wu RQ,Huang ZH,Lu MX.Nutritional requirements of largemouth bass and prospect of its commercial feed.Guangdong Feed,2004,13(2):38-39[吴锐全,黄樟翰,卢迈新.大口黑鲈营养研究及配合饲料发展前景.广东饲料,2004,13(2):38-39]
Yuan WC,Ye JM,Huang HZ,et al.Study on correlation of EST-SSR markers with growth traits and genetic structure of4 breeding populations in mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi.Oceanologiaet et Limnologia Sinica,2018,49(1):224-231[袁文成,叶金明,黄鹤忠,等.翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)EST-SSR标记与生长性状相关性及4个选育群体遗传结构研究.海洋与湖沼,2018,49(1):224-231]
Zhang TS,Wang QY,Liu P,et al.Genetic diversity analysis on selected populations of shrimp Fenneropenaeus chnensis by microsatellites.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2005,36(1):72-80[张天时,王清印,刘萍,等.中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chnensis)人工选育群体不同世代的微卫星分析.海洋与湖沼,2005,36(1):72-80]
Bailey RM,Hubbs CL.The black basses(Micropterus)of Florida,with description of a new species.University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Occasional Papers,1949,516:1-40
Botstein D,White RL,Skolnick M,et al.Contstruction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphism.American Journal of Human Genetics1980,32(3):314-331
Chi XF,Jia ZY,Li CT,et al.SSR analysis of selected high-harvesting populations of common carp(Cyprinus carpio).Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2010,19(3):308-313[池喜峰,贾智英,李池陶,等.鲤易捕性状选育群体不同世代微卫星分析.上海海洋大学学报,2010,19(3):308-313]
Colbourne JK,Neff BD,Wright JM,et al.DNA fingerprinting of bluegill sunfish(Lepomis macrochirus)using(GT)n microsatellites and its potential for assessment of mating success.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences1996,53(2):342-349
DeWoody JA,Avise JC.Microsatellite variation in marine,freshwater,and anadromous fishes compared with other animals.Journal of Fish Biology,2000,56(3):461-473
Excoffier L,Lischer H.Arlequin suite ver3.5:A new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows.Molecular Ecology Resources,2010,10(3):564-567
Fan JJ,Bai JJ,Li SJ,et al.Establishment of DNA fingerprinting and analysis on genetic structure of largemouth bass with microsatellite.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2012,36(4):600-609[樊佳佳,白俊杰,李胜杰,等.大口黑鲈微卫星DNA指纹图谱的构建和遗传结构分析.水生生物学报,2012,36(4):600-609]
Fan JJ,Bai JJ,Li XH,et al.Identification of microsatellite markers associated with growth traits in largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides L.).Hereditas,2009a,31(5):515-522[樊佳佳,白俊杰,李小慧,等.大口黑鲈生长性状的微卫星DNA标记筛选.遗传,2009a,31(5):515-522]
Fan JJ,Bai JJ,Ye X,et al.Taxonomic status of largemouth bass cultured in China.Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2009b,24(1):83-86[樊佳佳,白俊杰,叶星,等.中国养殖大口黑鲈的亚种分类地位探讨.大连水产学院学报,2009b,24(1):83-86]
Guan YY,Liu WG,He MX.Genetic variation during four generations of selective breeding in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata.Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2013,20(4):764-770[管云雁,刘文广,何毛贤.马氏珠母贝选育群体4个世代的遗传变异.中国水产科学,2013,20(4):764-770]
Hou N,Zhang Y,Lu CY,et al.Genetic potential analysis of Germany mirror carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)using microsatellite markers.Hereditas,2007,29(12):1509-1518[侯宁,张研,鲁翠云,等.微卫星DNA标记分析德国镜鲤的遗传潜力.遗传,2007,29(12):1509-1518]
Kalinowski T,Taper ML,Marshall TC.Revising how the computer program cervus accommodates genotyping error increases success in paternity assignment.Molecular Ecology,2007,16(5):1099-1106
Li R,Bai JJ,Li SJ,et al.Analysis on genetic structure of selected population of largemouth bass by microsatellite DNAmarkers.Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2010,30(3):11-15[李镕,白俊杰,李胜杰,等.大口黑鲈选育群体遗传结构的微卫星分析.广东海洋大学学报,2010,30(3):11-15]
Li SJ,Bai JJ,Wang HY.The introduction of new varieties in Youlu No.1 largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides).Scientific Fish Farming,2011(9):46-47[李胜杰,白俊杰,汪洪永.大口黑鲈“优鲈1号”新品种简介.科学养鱼,2011(9):46-47]
Li T,Li W,Zhao J,et al.Correlation analysis of the microsatellite DNA markers and growth traits of Chinese soft shell turtle(Trionyx sinensis).Genomics and Applied Biology,2016,35(1):63-71[李婷,李伟,赵建,等.中华鳖(Trionyx sinensis)微卫星标记与生长性状的相关分析.基因组学与应用生物学,2016,35(1):63-71]
Liang SX,Sun XW,Bai JJ,et al.Genetic analysis for cultured largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)in China with microsatellites.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2008,32(5):694-700[梁素娴,孙效文,白俊杰,等.微卫星标记对中国引进加州鲈养殖群体遗传多样性的分析.水生生物学报,2008,32(5):694-700]
Liu HY,Li SJ,Bai JJ.Comparison and analysis of growth performance of breeding population and imported population of largemouth bass.Journal of Aquaculture,2015(9):1-5[刘海涌,李胜杰,白俊杰.大口黑鲈养殖群体和引进群体生长性能的比较分析.水产养殖,2015(9):1-5]
Lutz-Carrillo DJ,Nice CC,Bonner TH,et al.Admixture analysis of Florida largemouth bass and northern largemouth bass using microsatellite loci.Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2006,135(3):779-791
MacEina MJ,Murphy BR.Stocking Florida largemouth bass outside its native range.Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1992,121:686-691
Malloy TP,van den Bussche RA,Coughlin WD,et al.Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in smallmouth bass,Micropterus dolomieu(Teleostei:Centrarchidae),and cross-species amplification in spotted bass,M.punctulatus.Molecular Ecology,2000,9(11):1946-1948
Nei M.Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals.Genetics,197889(3):583-590
Sun CF,Ye X,Dong JJ,et al.Genetic diversity analysis of six cultured populations of Macrobrachium rosenbergii using microsatellite markers.South China Fisheries Science,2015,11(2):20-26[孙成飞,叶星,董浚键,等.罗氏沼虾6个养殖群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析.南方水产科学,2015,11(2):20-26]
Tamura K,Peterson D,Peterson N,et al.MEGA5:Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood evolutionary distance,and maximum parsimony methods.Molecular Biology and Evolution,2011,28(10):2731-2739
Wang J,Wang QY,Kong J,et al.SSR analysis on genetic diversity in breeding and wild populations of Fenneropenaeus chinensis.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2018,39(2):104-111[王军,王清印,孔杰,等.中国明对虾人工选育群体与野生群体遗传多样性的SSR分析.渔业科学进展,2018,39(2):104-111]
Wang RF,Li J,Li JT,et al.Genetic analysis of 33 microsatellite loci in 3 families of Exopalaemon carinicauda inbred line.Progress in Fishery Sciences,2017,38(4):78-86[王日芳,李健,李吉涛,等.脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)近交系3个家系33个微卫星座位的遗传分析.渔业科学进展,2017,38(4):78-86]
Wu RQ,Huang ZH,Lu MX.Nutritional requirements of largemouth bass and prospect of its commercial feed.Guangdong Feed,2004,13(2):38-39[吴锐全,黄樟翰,卢迈新.大口黑鲈营养研究及配合饲料发展前景.广东饲料,2004,13(2):38-39]
Yuan WC,Ye JM,Huang HZ,et al.Study on correlation of EST-SSR markers with growth traits and genetic structure of4 breeding populations in mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi.Oceanologiaet et Limnologia Sinica,2018,49(1):224-231[袁文成,叶金明,黄鹤忠,等.翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)EST-SSR标记与生长性状相关性及4个选育群体遗传结构研究.海洋与湖沼,2018,49(1):224-231]
Zhang TS,Wang QY,Liu P,et al.Genetic diversity analysis on selected populations of shrimp Fenneropenaeus chnensis by microsatellites.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2005,36(1):72-80[张天时,王清印,刘萍,等.中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chnensis)人工选育群体不同世代的微卫星分析.海洋与湖沼,2005,36(1):72-80]
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