基于微生物完整性指数的苏州市湿地健康评价
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摘要
为建立在不同区域和不同湿地等大尺度范围内M-IBI (微生物生物完整性指数)评价方法体系,以苏州市15个湿地公园作为研究对象,构建符合区域性特征的生物完整性评价体系并进行应用研究.分别于2015年、2016年和2017年每年的7月对苏州市15个湿地公园的入流口和出流口水质进行采样调查,将采样点分为对照点、受损点和修复点,基于湿地水环境中微生物群落Illumina高通量测序技术,依据候选指标分布范围检验、敏感性分析和相关性检验,筛选出香农指数、前2优势分类单元相对丰度(相对丰度最多的2个属)总和、高温耐受属相对丰度、污染耐受属相对丰度、TN(总氮)敏感属相对丰度5个指标,提出了参数标准化公式和健康评价标准,依此将苏州市湿地健康状态划分为健康、亚健康、一般、较差、差5个等级.结果表明:①在10个受损点3 a所采集的30个样品中,有2个处于较差水平,有5个处于一般水平,有18个处于亚健康水平,有5个处于健康水平;而对于修复点,有23个样点处于健康水平,7个样点处于亚健康水平.②在农业面源污染较多的湿地入流口健康状况最差,工业用水汇入较多的湿地入流口次之,而城市景观水汇入的湿地入流口的健康状况最好.研究显示,M-IBI可以较合理地评价苏州市湿地生态系统健康状况,湿地对水环境的修复作用明显,经修复后的水体均处于健康或亚健康水平.
In order to solve the problems of establishing the M-IBI( microbial index of biotic integrity) evaluation system in different regions and different wetlands,15 wetland parks in Suzhou City were used as research areas to construct a biological integrity evaluation system with regional characteristics. Water samples were collected at the inlets and outlets of 15 wetland parks in Suzhou City in July from2015 to 2017. The sampling points were divided into damaged points and reference points. Based on the Illumina high throughput sequencing information of the microbial community in the wetlands,5 indexes,such as the sum of relative abundances of the first 2 dominant taxa,relative abundances of high temperature tolerance genus,relative abundances of high pollution tolerance genus,relative abundances of TN sensitive genus,were selected according to the distribution range test of the candidate index,sensitivity analysis and correlation tests. The standardized formula of parameters and the standards of health evaluation were put forward,and the health status of Suzhou City wetlands was divided into 5 health grades: healthy,sub-healthy,general,poor and bad. The results showed that of the 30 samples collected at the 10 damaged points in 3 years,2 samples were at poor level,5 samples at general level,18 samples at sub health level and 5 samples at health level,while based on the repair points,23 samples samples were in health level,and 7 sites were in subhealth level. The health status of the wetland inflow with agricultural effluent were the worst,and the wetland inflow with industrial effluent were the next,and the health status of the wetland inflow with the urban effluent were the best. The research shows that the M-IBI can be used for reasonable evaluation of the health status of wetland ecosystem in Suzhou City. The restoration of the wetlands was obvious,and the restored water bodies were at the healthy or sub-health levels.
In order to solve the problems of establishing the M-IBI( microbial index of biotic integrity) evaluation system in different regions and different wetlands,15 wetland parks in Suzhou City were used as research areas to construct a biological integrity evaluation system with regional characteristics. Water samples were collected at the inlets and outlets of 15 wetland parks in Suzhou City in July from2015 to 2017. The sampling points were divided into damaged points and reference points. Based on the Illumina high throughput sequencing information of the microbial community in the wetlands,5 indexes,such as the sum of relative abundances of the first 2 dominant taxa,relative abundances of high temperature tolerance genus,relative abundances of high pollution tolerance genus,relative abundances of TN sensitive genus,were selected according to the distribution range test of the candidate index,sensitivity analysis and correlation tests. The standardized formula of parameters and the standards of health evaluation were put forward,and the health status of Suzhou City wetlands was divided into 5 health grades: healthy,sub-healthy,general,poor and bad. The results showed that of the 30 samples collected at the 10 damaged points in 3 years,2 samples were at poor level,5 samples at general level,18 samples at sub health level and 5 samples at health level,while based on the repair points,23 samples samples were in health level,and 7 sites were in subhealth level. The health status of the wetland inflow with agricultural effluent were the worst,and the wetland inflow with industrial effluent were the next,and the health status of the wetland inflow with the urban effluent were the best. The research shows that the M-IBI can be used for reasonable evaluation of the health status of wetland ecosystem in Suzhou City. The restoration of the wetlands was obvious,and the restored water bodies were at the healthy or sub-health levels.
引文
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[7]NIU Lihua,LI Yi,WANG Peifang,et al.Development of a microbial community-based index of biotic integrity(MCIBI)for the assessment of ecological status of rivers in the Taihu Basin,China[J].Ecological Indicators,2018,85:204-213.
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[9]ZHAO Fengliang,YANG Weidong,ZENG Zheng,et al.Nutrient removal efficiency and biomass production of different bioenergy plants in hypereutrophic water[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2012,42:212-218.
[10]FENG Ju,FENG Guo,LIN Ye,et al.Metagenomic analysis on seasonal microbial variations of activated sludge from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant over 4 years[J].Environmental Microbiology Reports,2014,6(1):80-90.
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[13]吕明姬.滇池流域浮游细菌群落结构对不同水环境的响应[D].北京:北京大学,2011:48-52.
[14]黄凯,姚垚,王晓宁,等.基于鱼类完整性指数的滦河流域生态系统健康评价[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(5):901-909.HUANG Kai,YAO Yao,WANG Xiaoning,et al.The ecosystem health assessment based on the fish index of biological integrity in the Luanhe River Basin[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(5):901-909.
[15]卢东琪,张勇,蔡德所,等.基于干扰梯度的钦江流域底栖动物完整性指数候选参数筛选[J].环境科学,2013,34(1):137-144.LU Dongqi,ZHANG Yong,CAI Desuo,et al.Choice of macroinvertebrate metrics for constructing a benthic-index of biotic integrity based on the disturbance gradients in the Qinjiang River Basin[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(1):137-144.
[16]WILSON M J,BAYLEY S E.Use of single versus multiple biotic communities as indicators of biological integrity in northern prairie wetlands[J].Ecological Indicators,2012,20:187-195.
[17]苏玉,曹晓峰,黄艺.应用底栖动物完整性指数评价滇池流域入湖河流生态系统健康[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(1):91-98.SU Yu,CAO Xiaofeng,HUANG Yi.Stream ecosystem health assessment of inflow rivers in Lake Dianchi catchment by using Benthic integrity biotic index(B-IBI)[J].Journal of Lake Science,2013,25(1):91-98.
[18]MONEY S A,KARR J R.Assessing and restoring the health of urban streams in the Puget Sound Basin[J].Conservation Biology,2002,16(6):1498-1509.
[19]ZHANG Xu,QING Gu,LONG Xien,et al.Anthropogenic activities drive the microbial community and its function in urban river sediment[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2016,16(2):716-725.
[20]张赛赛,高伟峰,孙诗萌,等.基于鱼类生物完整性指数的浑河流域水生态健康评价[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(10):1570-1577.ZHANG Saisai,GAO Weifeng,SUN Shimeng,et al.Assessment of ecosystem health in Hun River basin using fish-index of biotic integrity[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(10):1570-1577.
[21]MAXTED J R,BARBOUR M T,GERRITSEN J,et al.Assessment framework for mid-Atlantic coastal plain streams using benthic macroinvertebrates[J].Journal of the North American Benthological Society,2000,19(1):128-144.
[22]HAMONTS K,CLOUGH T J,CLINTON P W,et al.Effect of nitrogen and waterlogging on denitrifier gene abundance,community structure and activity in the rhizosphere of wheat[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,2013,83(3):568-584.
[23]RUARO R,GUBIANI E A.A scientometric assessment of 30 years of the index of biotic integrity in aquatic ecosystems:applications and main flaws[J].Ecological Indicators,2013,29(6):105-110.
[24]AAZAMI J,ESMAILI S A,BDOLI A,et al.Assessment of ecological quality of the Tajan River in Iran using a multimetric macroinvertebrate index and species traits[J].Environmental Management,2015,56(1):260-269.
[25]ARCHUNDIA D.Antibiotic pollution in the Katari subcatchment of the Titicaca Lake:major transformation products and occurrence of resistance genes[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,576(1):671-682.
[26]BASTAMI K D,NEYESTANI M R,SHEMIRANI F,et al.Heavy metal pollution assessment in relation to sediment properties in the coastal sediments of the southern Caspian Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,92(1/2):237-243.
[27]ALYSSA M B,LAURA J,TODD R,et al.Spatial differences in denitrification and bacterial community structure of streams:relationships with environmental conditions[J].Aquatic Science,2013,75(2):275-284.
[28]CLEWS E,LOW E W,BELLE C C,et al.A pilot macroinvertebrate index of the water quality of Singapore's reservoirs[J].Ecological Indicators,2014,38:90-103.
[29]DEVARAJAN N.Occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial markers in a tropical river receiving hospital and urban wastewaters[J].Plos One,2016,11(2):e0149211.
[30]DOPHEIDE A,LEAR G,HE Z,et al.Functional gene composition,diversity and redundancy in microbial stream biofilm communities[J].Plos One,2015,10(4):e0123179.
[31]EINHEUSER M D,NEJADHASHEMI A P,WAND L,et al.Linking biological integrity and watershed models to assess the impacts of historical land use and climate changes on stream health[J].Environmeantal Management,2013,51(6):1147-1163.
[2]STENGER K C,LENGYEL E,CROSSETTI L O,et al.Diatom ecological guilds as indicators of temporally changing stressors and disturbances in the small Torna-stream,Hungary[J].Ecological Indicators,2013,24:138-147.
[3]王备新.大型底栖无脊椎动物水质生物评价研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2003:81-99.
[4]廖静秋,黄艺.应用生物完整性指数评价水生态系统健康的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):295-302.LIAO Jingqiu,HUANG Yi.Research progress on using index of biological integrity to assess aquatic ecosystem health[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(1):295-302.
[5]黄艺,舒中亚.基于浮游细菌生物完整性指数的河流生态系统健康评价:以滇池流域为例[J].环境科学,2013,34(8):3010-3018.HUANG Yi,SHU Zhongya.Bacterio plankton index of biotic integrity(BP-IBI):an approach for assessing river ecosystem health in Dianchi Watershed[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(8):3010-3018.
[6]安新丽,陈廷廷,赵晗,等.基于微生物生物完整性指数的地下水生态系统健康评价:以包钢稀土尾矿库周边地下水生态系统为例[J].环境科学,2016,36(9):3413-3422.AN Xinli,CHEN Tingting,ZHAO Han,et al.Assessment of ecosystem health of Baogang tailings groundwater based on microbiome index of biotic integrity(M-IBI)[J].Environmental Science,2016,36(9):3413-3422.
[7]NIU Lihua,LI Yi,WANG Peifang,et al.Development of a microbial community-based index of biotic integrity(MCIBI)for the assessment of ecological status of rivers in the Taihu Basin,China[J].Ecological Indicators,2018,85:204-213.
[8]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:23-29.
[9]ZHAO Fengliang,YANG Weidong,ZENG Zheng,et al.Nutrient removal efficiency and biomass production of different bioenergy plants in hypereutrophic water[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2012,42:212-218.
[10]FENG Ju,FENG Guo,LIN Ye,et al.Metagenomic analysis on seasonal microbial variations of activated sludge from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant over 4 years[J].Environmental Microbiology Reports,2014,6(1):80-90.
[11]MCLELLAN S L,HUSE S M,MUELLER S R,et al.Diversity and population structure of sewage-derived microorganisms in wastewater treatment plant influent[J].Environmental Microbiology,2010,12(2):378-92.
[12]慕林青,张海萍,赵树旗,等.永定河底栖动物生物完整性指数构建与健康评价[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(4):697-707.MU Linqing,ZHANG Haiping,ZHAO Shuqi,et al.River health assessment of Yongding River based on benthic integrated biotic index[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(4):697-707.
[13]吕明姬.滇池流域浮游细菌群落结构对不同水环境的响应[D].北京:北京大学,2011:48-52.
[14]黄凯,姚垚,王晓宁,等.基于鱼类完整性指数的滦河流域生态系统健康评价[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(5):901-909.HUANG Kai,YAO Yao,WANG Xiaoning,et al.The ecosystem health assessment based on the fish index of biological integrity in the Luanhe River Basin[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(5):901-909.
[15]卢东琪,张勇,蔡德所,等.基于干扰梯度的钦江流域底栖动物完整性指数候选参数筛选[J].环境科学,2013,34(1):137-144.LU Dongqi,ZHANG Yong,CAI Desuo,et al.Choice of macroinvertebrate metrics for constructing a benthic-index of biotic integrity based on the disturbance gradients in the Qinjiang River Basin[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(1):137-144.
[16]WILSON M J,BAYLEY S E.Use of single versus multiple biotic communities as indicators of biological integrity in northern prairie wetlands[J].Ecological Indicators,2012,20:187-195.
[17]苏玉,曹晓峰,黄艺.应用底栖动物完整性指数评价滇池流域入湖河流生态系统健康[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(1):91-98.SU Yu,CAO Xiaofeng,HUANG Yi.Stream ecosystem health assessment of inflow rivers in Lake Dianchi catchment by using Benthic integrity biotic index(B-IBI)[J].Journal of Lake Science,2013,25(1):91-98.
[18]MONEY S A,KARR J R.Assessing and restoring the health of urban streams in the Puget Sound Basin[J].Conservation Biology,2002,16(6):1498-1509.
[19]ZHANG Xu,QING Gu,LONG Xien,et al.Anthropogenic activities drive the microbial community and its function in urban river sediment[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2016,16(2):716-725.
[20]张赛赛,高伟峰,孙诗萌,等.基于鱼类生物完整性指数的浑河流域水生态健康评价[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(10):1570-1577.ZHANG Saisai,GAO Weifeng,SUN Shimeng,et al.Assessment of ecosystem health in Hun River basin using fish-index of biotic integrity[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(10):1570-1577.
[21]MAXTED J R,BARBOUR M T,GERRITSEN J,et al.Assessment framework for mid-Atlantic coastal plain streams using benthic macroinvertebrates[J].Journal of the North American Benthological Society,2000,19(1):128-144.
[22]HAMONTS K,CLOUGH T J,CLINTON P W,et al.Effect of nitrogen and waterlogging on denitrifier gene abundance,community structure and activity in the rhizosphere of wheat[J].Fems Microbiology Ecology,2013,83(3):568-584.
[23]RUARO R,GUBIANI E A.A scientometric assessment of 30 years of the index of biotic integrity in aquatic ecosystems:applications and main flaws[J].Ecological Indicators,2013,29(6):105-110.
[24]AAZAMI J,ESMAILI S A,BDOLI A,et al.Assessment of ecological quality of the Tajan River in Iran using a multimetric macroinvertebrate index and species traits[J].Environmental Management,2015,56(1):260-269.
[25]ARCHUNDIA D.Antibiotic pollution in the Katari subcatchment of the Titicaca Lake:major transformation products and occurrence of resistance genes[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,576(1):671-682.
[26]BASTAMI K D,NEYESTANI M R,SHEMIRANI F,et al.Heavy metal pollution assessment in relation to sediment properties in the coastal sediments of the southern Caspian Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,92(1/2):237-243.
[27]ALYSSA M B,LAURA J,TODD R,et al.Spatial differences in denitrification and bacterial community structure of streams:relationships with environmental conditions[J].Aquatic Science,2013,75(2):275-284.
[28]CLEWS E,LOW E W,BELLE C C,et al.A pilot macroinvertebrate index of the water quality of Singapore's reservoirs[J].Ecological Indicators,2014,38:90-103.
[29]DEVARAJAN N.Occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial markers in a tropical river receiving hospital and urban wastewaters[J].Plos One,2016,11(2):e0149211.
[30]DOPHEIDE A,LEAR G,HE Z,et al.Functional gene composition,diversity and redundancy in microbial stream biofilm communities[J].Plos One,2015,10(4):e0123179.
[31]EINHEUSER M D,NEJADHASHEMI A P,WAND L,et al.Linking biological integrity and watershed models to assess the impacts of historical land use and climate changes on stream health[J].Environmeantal Management,2013,51(6):1147-1163.
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