水泥袋装车间粉尘控制模拟研究
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摘要
目的分析并解决水泥包装车间粉尘危害治理问题。方法 2017年10月—2018年5月,以新疆某水泥生产企业袋装车间为研究对象,采用FLUENT数值模拟方法,对水泥厂包装车间现有通风条件粉尘扩散进行模拟研究。结果新疆某水泥生产企业袋装车间罩内通风系统设计不合理,造成包装车间和插袋工粉尘浓度超标分别为45.58、4.35倍(总粉尘)和20.68、2.87倍(呼吸性粉尘);在靠近尘源处、半密闭罩四角以及包装机后方风速较小,基本上在0.1～0.4 m/s,粉尘浓度较高,粉尘在呼吸带高度不同方位均存在不同程度的粉尘积聚;通过粉尘扩散模拟包装车间风流分布状况、粉尘扩散规律和通风控尘影响因素,袋装车间气流均匀性受通风设施风量、风口位置、风口大小等因素共同影响,通过不同方案组织优化模拟试验,最优方案插袋作业位置粉尘质量浓度在4～6 mg/m~3,较现有条件下粉尘质量浓度有明显下降,浓度在可接受范围内,气流组织最为合理。结论粉尘控制模拟研究达到水泥插袋岗位粉尘控制目的,有效解决了水泥包装车间粉尘危害这一问题,可为下一步开展水泥包装车间粉尘治理技术改造工作提供参考依据。
Objective To analyze and solve the problem of dust hazard control in cement packaging workshop. Methods From October 2017 to May 2018, the bagging workshop of a cement production enterprise in Xinjiang was selected as the research object, and FLUENT numerical simulation method was used to simulate the dust diffusion under the existing ventilation conditions in packaging workshop of cement plant. Results The design of ventilation system in the bagging workshop of a cement production enterprise in Xinjiang was unreasonabl, resulting in the dust concentrations in packing workshop and bagging workers exceeded the standard, which were 45.58, 4.35 times(total dust) and 20.68, 2.87 times(respirable dust) respectively. The wind speed near the dust source, the four corners of the semi-enclosed cover and the rear of the packing machine was relatively small,which was basically 0.1～0.4 m/s, so the dust concentration was high, and there were different degrees of dust accumulation in different directions of the height of the respiratory zone. Dust diffusion was used to simulate the distribution of air flow in packaging workshop, the rule of dust diffusion and the influencing factors of ventilation and dust control, and the air flow uniformity in bagging workshop was affected by the air flow rate of ventilation facilities, the location of air outlet and the size of air outlet. Through the optimization simulation test of different schemes, the dust mass concentration in bagging operation by the optimal scheme was 4～6 mg/m~3, which was obviously lower than that under the existing conditions, the concentration was within acceptable range, and the air distribution was the most reasonable. Conclusion Dust control simulation research achieves the purpose of dust control in cement bagging post, effectively solves the problem of dust hazard in cement packaging workshop, and provides a reference basis for further technical transformation of dust control in cement packaging workshop.
Objective To analyze and solve the problem of dust hazard control in cement packaging workshop. Methods From October 2017 to May 2018, the bagging workshop of a cement production enterprise in Xinjiang was selected as the research object, and FLUENT numerical simulation method was used to simulate the dust diffusion under the existing ventilation conditions in packaging workshop of cement plant. Results The design of ventilation system in the bagging workshop of a cement production enterprise in Xinjiang was unreasonabl, resulting in the dust concentrations in packing workshop and bagging workers exceeded the standard, which were 45.58, 4.35 times(total dust) and 20.68, 2.87 times(respirable dust) respectively. The wind speed near the dust source, the four corners of the semi-enclosed cover and the rear of the packing machine was relatively small,which was basically 0.1～0.4 m/s, so the dust concentration was high, and there were different degrees of dust accumulation in different directions of the height of the respiratory zone. Dust diffusion was used to simulate the distribution of air flow in packaging workshop, the rule of dust diffusion and the influencing factors of ventilation and dust control, and the air flow uniformity in bagging workshop was affected by the air flow rate of ventilation facilities, the location of air outlet and the size of air outlet. Through the optimization simulation test of different schemes, the dust mass concentration in bagging operation by the optimal scheme was 4～6 mg/m~3, which was obviously lower than that under the existing conditions, the concentration was within acceptable range, and the air distribution was the most reasonable. Conclusion Dust control simulation research achieves the purpose of dust control in cement bagging post, effectively solves the problem of dust hazard in cement packaging workshop, and provides a reference basis for further technical transformation of dust control in cement packaging workshop.
引文
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[15]张明星,陈海焱,颜翠平,等.FLUENT软件在除尘领域中的应用[J].济南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,20(2):160-163.
[16]朱红钧. FLUENT流体分析及仿真实用教程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2010:187-200.
[17]周俊杰,徐国权,张华俊.FLUENT工程技术与实例分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010:453-473.
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[21]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气中粉尘测定,第2部分:呼吸性粉尘浓度:GBZ/T 192.2-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:1-3.
[2]魏东,郭彧.浅谈我国水泥企业设备管理效果存在差异的原因[J].新世纪水泥导报,2012,18(5):74-76.
[3]张玲,刘长青.某水泥生产企业职业病危害现状调查与评价[J].安全,2014,35(6):31-34.
[4]邱毅,杨超敏,黎海红,等.广西现代水泥企业粉尘危害调查与分析[J].职业与健康,2014,30(6):729-732.
[5]王禄龙.袋装水泥车间粉尘扩散数值模拟研究[J].四川水泥,2016(10):7.
[6]王子豪,袁方,张华东,等.重庆市水泥袋装岗位粉尘危害现状分析[J].现代医药卫生,2018,34(18):2821-2822.
[7]高子清.水泥制造企业粉尘危害分析与防控措施研究[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2014,32(4):207-209.
[8]陈强.袋装水泥装车部位粉尘扩散数值模拟研究[J].四川建材,2018,44(11):38-39.
[9]殷德山,袁春贤.降低水泥包装作业场所粉尘危害[J].劳动保护,2018(12):82-84.
[10]殷德山,赵祎.水泥包装车间扬尘分析及通风措施建议[J].现代职业安全,2018(4):19-21.
[11]刘宝龙,陈建武,殷德山.水泥生产粉尘危害治理技术[J].劳动保护,2014(3):22-23.
[12]高世民,廖海江,张岩松,等.水泥制造企业粉尘危害现状调研[J].现代职业安全,2013(12):100-103.
[13]翟建华.计算流体力学(CFD)的通用软件[J].河北科技大学学报,2005,26(2):160-165.
[14]崔巧丽,曾繁华,张华东,等.基于FLUENT对水泥厂包装车间流场分布规律研究[J].广东化工,2016,43(4):23-24.
[15]张明星,陈海焱,颜翠平,等.FLUENT软件在除尘领域中的应用[J].济南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,20(2):160-163.
[16]朱红钧. FLUENT流体分析及仿真实用教程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2010:187-200.
[17]周俊杰,徐国权,张华俊.FLUENT工程技术与实例分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010:453-473.
[18]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范:GBZ 159-2004[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:3-6.
[19]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素:GBZ 2.1-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:16-17.
[20]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气中粉尘测定第1部分:总粉尘浓度:GBZ/T 192.1-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:3-4.
[21]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所空气中粉尘测定,第2部分:呼吸性粉尘浓度:GBZ/T 192.2-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:1-3.
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