ICP-AES和AFS法对内蒙古低硒地区156名育龄妇女头发中微量元素的研究
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摘要
孕妇由于孕期较大生理变化极易成为微量元素缺乏或过量的高危人群,尤其是孕中期由于胎儿功能发育,快速消耗母体微量元素储备,极易导致孕妇机体正常活动受阻,出现异常。同时低硒地区是多种地方病的高发区。以地处我国低硒地区的内蒙古鄂尔多斯市伊金霍洛旗五个乡镇的156名育龄妇女(未孕和孕中期)为研究对象,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和原子荧光光谱法(AFS)研究了未孕和孕中期妇女头发样中铝(Al)、钙(Ca)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、镁(Mg)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)、钒(V)、锌(Zn)和硒(Se) 12种微量元素的含量水平、主要的影响因素及硒与其他元素间的相互作用。结果表明:(1)所有育龄妇女发样中均存在Se元素缺乏现象,可能与研究区地处我国低硒带有关;另外92%, 95%, 35%和60%的妇女分别存在Mn, Fe, Cu和Mg元素缺乏。建议增加小麦、巴西坚果、大蒜、苹果和柿子等富含Se元素的食物及海产品、坚果和扁豆等富含Mn, Cu, Mg和Fe食物的摄入。同时发现80%, 52%和34%妇女分别存在V, Cd和Pb过量的情况。(2)孕中期妇女发样中Al, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, V和Se含量均低于未孕组,可能是由于孕中期胎儿快速生长发育需要更多的营养导致。(3)值得注意的是,未孕妇女头发中Se含量和孕中期妇女发样中Cu含量分别都与年龄呈显著正相关关系,且所有妇女发样中Ca和Mg均不存在显著相关关系,可能与Ca/Mg含量比值高于10有关。(4)研究区未孕组和孕中期组Cd-Pb, Ni-Pb和Ni-Cd存在显著相关关系,表明研究区妇女头发中Cd, Ni和Pb元素可能具有相同的暴露源,并提示该区妇女存在一定的暴露风险。
Because of great physiological changes during pregnancy, pregnant women can easily become a high-risk group with the lack or excess of trace elements, resulting in obstruction of normal body activities and abnormalities, especially in the second trimester, fetal function development will rapidly deplete maternal trace element reserves. Meanwhile, low-selenium regions are the high incidence areas of various endemic diseases. In this study, the contents levels of 12 trace elements(Al, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V and Zn) in hair samples, which were collected from 156 women of child-bearing age(non-pregnant and in the second trimester) living in the 5 townships in Ejin Horo Banner(Ordos City, Inner Mongolia), the influence factors and interaction between Se and other elements were studied by using the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS). The results showed that(1) there was a deficiency of Se in all the hair samples, which were related to the fact that the study area was located in China's low-selenium region. In addition, 92%, 95%, 35% and 60% of women had an lack of Mn, Fe, Cu, and Mg, respectively. It was recommended to increase the production of Se-enriched foodstuff such as wheat, Brazil nuts, garlic, apples and persimmons, and the food of seafood, nuts, and lentils which were rich in Mn, Cu, Mg, and Fe. Whereas 80%, 52% and 34% of women had an excess of V, Cd and Pb, respectively.(2) The content levels of Al, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, V and Se in hair samples of the second trimester women were all lower than those in the non-pregnant group. This may be due to the fact that more nutrition is required for rapid growth and development of the fetus in the second trimester.(3) It is noteworthy that there were two significant positive correlations not only between Se content and age in non-pregnant women but also between Cu content and age in the second trimester. In addition, there was no significant correlation between Ca and Mg in all women in the study area, which may be related to a Ca/Mg ratio higher than 10.(4) We found that there was a significant correlation between Cd-Pb, Ni-Pb and Ni-Cd in the non-pregnant group and the second trimester group, indicating that Cd, Ni, and Pb might have the same source and there was a higher exposure risk in the study area.
Because of great physiological changes during pregnancy, pregnant women can easily become a high-risk group with the lack or excess of trace elements, resulting in obstruction of normal body activities and abnormalities, especially in the second trimester, fetal function development will rapidly deplete maternal trace element reserves. Meanwhile, low-selenium regions are the high incidence areas of various endemic diseases. In this study, the contents levels of 12 trace elements(Al, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V and Zn) in hair samples, which were collected from 156 women of child-bearing age(non-pregnant and in the second trimester) living in the 5 townships in Ejin Horo Banner(Ordos City, Inner Mongolia), the influence factors and interaction between Se and other elements were studied by using the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS). The results showed that(1) there was a deficiency of Se in all the hair samples, which were related to the fact that the study area was located in China's low-selenium region. In addition, 92%, 95%, 35% and 60% of women had an lack of Mn, Fe, Cu, and Mg, respectively. It was recommended to increase the production of Se-enriched foodstuff such as wheat, Brazil nuts, garlic, apples and persimmons, and the food of seafood, nuts, and lentils which were rich in Mn, Cu, Mg, and Fe. Whereas 80%, 52% and 34% of women had an excess of V, Cd and Pb, respectively.(2) The content levels of Al, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, V and Se in hair samples of the second trimester women were all lower than those in the non-pregnant group. This may be due to the fact that more nutrition is required for rapid growth and development of the fetus in the second trimester.(3) It is noteworthy that there were two significant positive correlations not only between Se content and age in non-pregnant women but also between Cu content and age in the second trimester. In addition, there was no significant correlation between Ca and Mg in all women in the study area, which may be related to a Ca/Mg ratio higher than 10.(4) We found that there was a significant correlation between Cd-Pb, Ni-Pb and Ni-Cd in the non-pregnant group and the second trimester group, indicating that Cd, Ni, and Pb might have the same source and there was a higher exposure risk in the study area.
引文
[1] QIN Jun-fa,LI Zeng-xi,LIANG Dong-dong(秦俊法,李增禧,梁东东).Hair Trace Element Analysis and Disease Diagnosis(头发微量元素分析与疾病诊断).Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University Press(郑州:郑州大学出版社),2003.
[2] Pieczyńska J,Grajeta H.J.Trace Elem.Med.Bio.,2015,29:31.
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[8] Harkins D K,Susten A S.Environ.Health Perspect.,2003,111(4):576.
[9] Nordberg A S,Lamadrid-Figueroa H,Tellez-Rojo M M,et al.,Environ.Health Perspect.,2009,117:26.
[10] Selinus O,Alloway B J,Centeno J A,et al.Essentials of Medical Geology.Springer,2013.
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[12] Krenkel P A.Heavy Metals in the Aquatic Environment.Pergamon Press,1975.
[13] Zhou S,Yuan H,Ma X,et al.,Chemosphere,2017,166:528.
[14] Chojnacka K,Górecka H,Górecki H.Sci.Total Environ.,2006,366(2-3):612.
[2] Pieczyńska J,Grajeta H.J.Trace Elem.Med.Bio.,2015,29:31.
[3] Sun H,Chen W,Wang D,et al.Chemosphere,2014,108:33.
[4] Winkvist A,Stenlund H,Mohammad H,et al.Am.J.Clin.Nutr.,75:1072.
[5] Huang H,Leung P D,Zhu M.Biol.Trace Elem.Res.,1999,69(2):111.
[6] Luo R,Zhuo X,Ma D.Ecotox.Environ.Safe.,2014,104(5):215.
[7] Mistry H D,Williams P J.Oxidative Medicine & Cellular Longevity,2011,2011(5):841749.
[8] Harkins D K,Susten A S.Environ.Health Perspect.,2003,111(4):576.
[9] Nordberg A S,Lamadrid-Figueroa H,Tellez-Rojo M M,et al.,Environ.Health Perspect.,2009,117:26.
[10] Selinus O,Alloway B J,Centeno J A,et al.Essentials of Medical Geology.Springer,2013.
[11] Mora A M,Berna V W D J,Donna M,et al.Environ.Sci.Tech.,2014,48(6):3467.
[12] Krenkel P A.Heavy Metals in the Aquatic Environment.Pergamon Press,1975.
[13] Zhou S,Yuan H,Ma X,et al.,Chemosphere,2017,166:528.
[14] Chojnacka K,Górecka H,Górecki H.Sci.Total Environ.,2006,366(2-3):612.
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