海河流域氮磷面源污染空间特征遥感解析
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摘要
以MODIS遥感数据为驱动,采用以遥感像元为基本模拟单元的DPeRS(Diffuse pollution estimation with remote semsing)面源污染负荷估算模型,分析了2016年海河流域氮磷面源污染空间分布特征,并对"十三五"《重点流域水污染防治规划》中划定的海河流域172个控制单元进行面源污染优先控制单元分析.结果表明,2016年海河流域总氮(TN)排放量为13.62万t,入河量为2.53万t;总磷(TP)排放量为8152t,入河量为1597t;空间分布上,海河流域中部和南部地区氮磷面源污染较重,其中河北省片区氮磷面源污染物排放量及入河量最大;农田径流型是海河流域氮磷面源污染的主要类型,其次城镇径流影响也较大;筛选出海河流域TN和TP面源污染优先控制单元分别为127和131个,面积占比分别为84.2%和87.0%.
Driven by the MODIS data, DPeRS(Diffuse pollution estimation with remote sensing, DPeRS)model was used to analyses the spatial characteristic of nitrogen and phosphorus diffuse pollution in Haihe River basin on pixel scale in 2016. In Watershed Water Pollution Control Planning of the 13 th Five-Year Plan published by MEE, PRC(Ministry Ecology and Environment of People's Republic China), 172 control units were defined. Here the priority control units(PCU) in Haihe River Basin were analyzed. In 2016, the total discharge of total nitrogen(TN) was 2.53×104 ton with the total production being 13.62×104 ton, the total phosphorus(TP) was 1597 ton with the total production being 8152 ton. The nitrogen and phosphorus diffuse pollution was relatively serious in the central and southern areas of Haihe River Basin, and the max amount of production and discharge of pollutants were appeared in Hebei province. Agriculture was the most important source for nitrogen and phosphorus diffuse pollution, followed by urban runoff. The numbers of PCU to TN and TP were 127 and 131 respectively, which covered the areas of Haihe River Basin 84.3% and 87.0% respectively.
Driven by the MODIS data, DPeRS(Diffuse pollution estimation with remote sensing, DPeRS)model was used to analyses the spatial characteristic of nitrogen and phosphorus diffuse pollution in Haihe River basin on pixel scale in 2016. In Watershed Water Pollution Control Planning of the 13 th Five-Year Plan published by MEE, PRC(Ministry Ecology and Environment of People's Republic China), 172 control units were defined. Here the priority control units(PCU) in Haihe River Basin were analyzed. In 2016, the total discharge of total nitrogen(TN) was 2.53×104 ton with the total production being 13.62×104 ton, the total phosphorus(TP) was 1597 ton with the total production being 8152 ton. The nitrogen and phosphorus diffuse pollution was relatively serious in the central and southern areas of Haihe River Basin, and the max amount of production and discharge of pollutants were appeared in Hebei province. Agriculture was the most important source for nitrogen and phosphorus diffuse pollution, followed by urban runoff. The numbers of PCU to TN and TP were 127 and 131 respectively, which covered the areas of Haihe River Basin 84.3% and 87.0% respectively.
引文
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[4]秦耀民,胥彦玲,李怀恩.基于SWAT模型的黑河流域不同土地利用情景的非点源污染研究[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(2):440-448.Qin Y M,Xu Y L,Li H E.SWAT model of non-point source pollution under different land use scenarios in the Heihe river basin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(2):440-448.
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[8]邱斌,李萍萍,钟晨宇,等.海河流域农村非点源污染现状及空间特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(3):564-570.Qiu B,Li P P,Zhong C Y,et al.Characteristics and spatial distribution of the rural non-point source pollution in Haihe River Basin.[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(3):564-570.
[9]李怀恩.估算非点源污染负荷的平均浓度法及其应用[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(4):397-400.Li H E.Mean centration method for estimation of nonpoint source load and its application[J].Acta Scientiae circumstantial,2000,20(4):397-400.
[10]欧阳威,王玮,郝芳华,等.北京城区不同下垫面降雨径流产污特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(9):328-332.Ouyang Wei,Wang W,Hao F H,et al.Pollution characterization of urban stormwater runoff on different underlying surface conditions[J].China Environmental Science,2010,30(9):328-332.
[11]李家科,李怀恩,董雯,等.渭河关中段典型支流非点源污染监测与负荷估算[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(7):1470-1478.Li J K,Li H E,Dong W,et al.Monitoring and load estimation of non-point source pollution on typical tributaries in the Guanzhong reach of the Weihe River[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(7):1470-1478.
[12]朱新军,王中根,李建新,等.SWAT模型在漳卫河流域应用研究[J].地理科学进展,2006,25(5):105-111.Zhu X J,Wang Z G,Li J X,et al.Applications of SWAT model in Zhang Wei River Basin[J].Geography Science Progress,2006,25(5):105-111.
[13]张永勇,王中根,于磊,等.SWAT水质模块的扩展及其在海河流域典型区的应用[J].资源科学,2009,31(1):94-100.Zhang Y Y,Wang Z G,Yu L,et al.Extended Water Quality Moduel of SWAT Model And Its Application To Hai River Basin[J].Resource Science,2009,31(1):94-100.
[14]朱梅,吴敬学,张希三.海河流域畜禽养殖污染负荷研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(8):1558-1565.Zhu M,Wu J X,Zhang X S.Pollutants Loads of Livestock and Poultry Breeding in Hai Basin,China.[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(8):1558-1565.
[15]朱梅.海河流域农业非点源污染负荷估算与评价研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011.Zhu M,Study on Agricultural NPSL Loads of Haihe Basin and Assessment on its Environmental Impact[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.,2011.
[16]Wang X L,Wang Q,Wu C Q,et al.A method coupled with remote sensing data to evaluate non-point source pollution in the Xin'anjiang catchment of China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,430:132-143.
[17]王雪蕾,蔡明勇,钟部卿,等.辽河流域面源污染空间特征遥感解析[J].环境科学,2013,34(10):3788-3796.Wang X L,CAI M Y,Zhong B Q,et al.Research on spatial characteristic of non-point source pollution in Liaohe River Basin[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(10):3788-3796.
[18]郝芳华,杨胜天,程红光,等.大尺度区域面源污染负荷计算方法[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(3):375-383.Hao F H,Yang S T,Cheng H G,et al.A method for estimation of non-point source pollution load in the large-scale basins of China[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2006,26(3):375-383.
[19]Wang X L,Feng A P,Wang Q,et al.Spatial variability of the nutrient balance and related NPSP risk analysis for agro-ecosystems in China in 2010[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2014,193:42-52.
[20]Jiménez-Mu?oz J C,Sobrino J A,Plaza A,et al.Comparison Between Fractional Vegetation Cover Retrievals from Vegetation Indices and Spectral Mixture Analysis:Case Study of PROBA/CHRIS Data Over an Agricultural Area[J].Sensors,2009,9(2):768-793.
[21]王雪蕾,王新新,朱利,等.巢湖流域氮磷面源污染与水华空间分布遥感解析[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(5):1511-1519.Wang X L,Wang X X,Zhu L,et al.Spatial analysis on diffuse pollution and algal bloom characteristic with remote sensing in Chao Lake Basin[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(5):1511-1519.
[22]环境保护部.重点流域水污染防治规划[Z].2017.Ministry of Environmental Protection.Water pollution control planning in key watershed[Z].2017.
[23]王雪蕾,王桥,吴传庆,等.国家尺度面源污染业务评估与应用示范[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:10-115.Wang X L,Wang Q,Wu C Q,et al.Assesment and application of national diffuse pollution management[M].Beijing:Science Press,2015:10-115.
[24]刘志红,Li L T,McVicar T R,等.专用气候数据空间插值软件ANUSPLIN及其应用[J].气象,2008,34(2):92-100.Liu Z H,Li L T,McVicar T R,et al.introduction of the professional interpolation software for meteorology data:ANUSPLIN[J].Meteorological Monthly,2008,34(2):92-100.
[25]符素华,刘宝元,周贵云,等.坡长坡度因子计算工具[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(5):105-110.Fu S H,Liu B Y,Zhou G Y,et al.Calculation tool of topographic factors[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,13(5):105-110.
[26]第一次全国污染源普查资料编纂委员会.第一次全国污染源普查资料文集(之四)-污染源普查技术报告(下册)[R].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011:8-11.Compilation Committee of data of the first China pollution source census.Anthology of the first China pollution source census(Part IV)-technical report on pollution source census(Volume 2)[R].Beijing:China Environmental Press,2011:8-11.
(1Km分辨率植被指数16a合成产品)https://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/search用于植被覆盖度反演和土地利用分类提取
[23]降水数据月和年降水量http://data.cma.cn将DEM作为协变量,采用薄板样条滑动平均法进行插值
[24]地形数据坡度、坡长数据(基于ASTER全球DEM数据/30m进行提取)https://wist.echo.nasa.gov/api//应用ls_cal.aml程序
[25]计算得到土壤数据国家基础信息数据1:100万土壤类型数据http://globalchange.bnu.edu.cn/research/soil—统计数据县级人口数量、畜禽养殖量、耕地面积、化肥施用量、作物产量及播种面积等51个指标数据http://tongji.cnki.net/kns55/Navi/NaviDefault.aspx用于农田氮磷平衡量估算,采用输入输出法计算[19]
[2]王雪蕾,吴传庆,冯爱萍,等.利用DPeRS模型估算巢湖流域氨氮和化学需氧量的面源污染负荷[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(9):2883-2891.Wang X L,Wu C Q,Feng A P,et al.Application of DPeRS model on estimation of non-point source pollution load of ammonia nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand in Chao Lake basin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(9):2883-2891.
[3]欧阳威,黄浩波,蔡冠清.巢湖地区无监测资料小流域面源磷污染输出负荷时空特征[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(4):1024-1031.Ouyang W,Huang H B,Cai G Q.Temporal and spatial characteristics of diffuse phosphorus pollution in the watershed without monitoring data at Chaohu Lake[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,34(4):1024-1031.
[4]秦耀民,胥彦玲,李怀恩.基于SWAT模型的黑河流域不同土地利用情景的非点源污染研究[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(2):440-448.Qin Y M,Xu Y L,Li H E.SWAT model of non-point source pollution under different land use scenarios in the Heihe river basin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(2):440-448.
[5]罗倩,任理,彭文启.辽宁太子河流域非点源氮磷负荷模拟分析[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(1):178-186.Luo Q,Ren L,Peng W Q.Simulation study and analysis of non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus load in the Taizihe Watershed in Liaoning Province[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(1):178-186.
[6]李开明,任秀文,黄国如,等.基于Ann AGNPS模型泗合水流域非点源污染模拟研究[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(S1):54-59.Li K M,Ren X W,Huang G R,et al.Simulation of non-point source pollution in Sihe watershed with Ann AGNPS[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(S1):54-59.
[7]边金云,王飞儿,杨佳,等.基于Ann AGNPS模型四岭水库小流域氮磷流失特征的模拟研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(8):2659-2666.Bian J Y,Wang F E,Yang J,et al.Simulation of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in Siling Reservoir Watershed with AnnAGNPS[J].Environmental Science,2013,33(S1):54-59.
[8]邱斌,李萍萍,钟晨宇,等.海河流域农村非点源污染现状及空间特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(3):564-570.Qiu B,Li P P,Zhong C Y,et al.Characteristics and spatial distribution of the rural non-point source pollution in Haihe River Basin.[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(3):564-570.
[9]李怀恩.估算非点源污染负荷的平均浓度法及其应用[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(4):397-400.Li H E.Mean centration method for estimation of nonpoint source load and its application[J].Acta Scientiae circumstantial,2000,20(4):397-400.
[10]欧阳威,王玮,郝芳华,等.北京城区不同下垫面降雨径流产污特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(9):328-332.Ouyang Wei,Wang W,Hao F H,et al.Pollution characterization of urban stormwater runoff on different underlying surface conditions[J].China Environmental Science,2010,30(9):328-332.
[11]李家科,李怀恩,董雯,等.渭河关中段典型支流非点源污染监测与负荷估算[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(7):1470-1478.Li J K,Li H E,Dong W,et al.Monitoring and load estimation of non-point source pollution on typical tributaries in the Guanzhong reach of the Weihe River[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(7):1470-1478.
[12]朱新军,王中根,李建新,等.SWAT模型在漳卫河流域应用研究[J].地理科学进展,2006,25(5):105-111.Zhu X J,Wang Z G,Li J X,et al.Applications of SWAT model in Zhang Wei River Basin[J].Geography Science Progress,2006,25(5):105-111.
[13]张永勇,王中根,于磊,等.SWAT水质模块的扩展及其在海河流域典型区的应用[J].资源科学,2009,31(1):94-100.Zhang Y Y,Wang Z G,Yu L,et al.Extended Water Quality Moduel of SWAT Model And Its Application To Hai River Basin[J].Resource Science,2009,31(1):94-100.
[14]朱梅,吴敬学,张希三.海河流域畜禽养殖污染负荷研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(8):1558-1565.Zhu M,Wu J X,Zhang X S.Pollutants Loads of Livestock and Poultry Breeding in Hai Basin,China.[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(8):1558-1565.
[15]朱梅.海河流域农业非点源污染负荷估算与评价研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011.Zhu M,Study on Agricultural NPSL Loads of Haihe Basin and Assessment on its Environmental Impact[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.,2011.
[16]Wang X L,Wang Q,Wu C Q,et al.A method coupled with remote sensing data to evaluate non-point source pollution in the Xin'anjiang catchment of China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,430:132-143.
[17]王雪蕾,蔡明勇,钟部卿,等.辽河流域面源污染空间特征遥感解析[J].环境科学,2013,34(10):3788-3796.Wang X L,CAI M Y,Zhong B Q,et al.Research on spatial characteristic of non-point source pollution in Liaohe River Basin[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(10):3788-3796.
[18]郝芳华,杨胜天,程红光,等.大尺度区域面源污染负荷计算方法[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(3):375-383.Hao F H,Yang S T,Cheng H G,et al.A method for estimation of non-point source pollution load in the large-scale basins of China[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2006,26(3):375-383.
[19]Wang X L,Feng A P,Wang Q,et al.Spatial variability of the nutrient balance and related NPSP risk analysis for agro-ecosystems in China in 2010[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2014,193:42-52.
[20]Jiménez-Mu?oz J C,Sobrino J A,Plaza A,et al.Comparison Between Fractional Vegetation Cover Retrievals from Vegetation Indices and Spectral Mixture Analysis:Case Study of PROBA/CHRIS Data Over an Agricultural Area[J].Sensors,2009,9(2):768-793.
[21]王雪蕾,王新新,朱利,等.巢湖流域氮磷面源污染与水华空间分布遥感解析[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(5):1511-1519.Wang X L,Wang X X,Zhu L,et al.Spatial analysis on diffuse pollution and algal bloom characteristic with remote sensing in Chao Lake Basin[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(5):1511-1519.
[22]环境保护部.重点流域水污染防治规划[Z].2017.Ministry of Environmental Protection.Water pollution control planning in key watershed[Z].2017.
[23]王雪蕾,王桥,吴传庆,等.国家尺度面源污染业务评估与应用示范[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:10-115.Wang X L,Wang Q,Wu C Q,et al.Assesment and application of national diffuse pollution management[M].Beijing:Science Press,2015:10-115.
[24]刘志红,Li L T,McVicar T R,等.专用气候数据空间插值软件ANUSPLIN及其应用[J].气象,2008,34(2):92-100.Liu Z H,Li L T,McVicar T R,et al.introduction of the professional interpolation software for meteorology data:ANUSPLIN[J].Meteorological Monthly,2008,34(2):92-100.
[25]符素华,刘宝元,周贵云,等.坡长坡度因子计算工具[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(5):105-110.Fu S H,Liu B Y,Zhou G Y,et al.Calculation tool of topographic factors[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,13(5):105-110.
[26]第一次全国污染源普查资料编纂委员会.第一次全国污染源普查资料文集(之四)-污染源普查技术报告(下册)[R].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011:8-11.Compilation Committee of data of the first China pollution source census.Anthology of the first China pollution source census(Part IV)-technical report on pollution source census(Volume 2)[R].Beijing:China Environmental Press,2011:8-11.
(1Km分辨率植被指数16a合成产品)https://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/search用于植被覆盖度反演和土地利用分类提取
[23]降水数据月和年降水量http://data.cma.cn将DEM作为协变量,采用薄板样条滑动平均法进行插值
[24]地形数据坡度、坡长数据(基于ASTER全球DEM数据/30m进行提取)https://wist.echo.nasa.gov/api//应用ls_cal.aml程序
[25]计算得到土壤数据国家基础信息数据1:100万土壤类型数据http://globalchange.bnu.edu.cn/research/soil—统计数据县级人口数量、畜禽养殖量、耕地面积、化肥施用量、作物产量及播种面积等51个指标数据http://tongji.cnki.net/kns55/Navi/NaviDefault.aspx用于农田氮磷平衡量估算,采用输入输出法计算[19]
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